بررسی فراوانی ژیاردیازیس و میزان آلبومین سرمی در کارکنان مواد غذایی شهرستان بندرعباس
محورهای موضوعی :
علوم و صنایع غذایی
مینو شاددل
1
,
زهرا کمالی
2
1 - دانشیار، گروه انگل شناسی و قارچ شناسی، دانشکده پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی آجا، تهران، ایران
2 - 2- کارشناس ارشد، آزمایشگاه تحقیقاتی وابسته به دانشگاه علوم پزشکی هرمزگان، بندرعباس، ایران
تاریخ دریافت : 1393/03/11
تاریخ پذیرش : 1394/06/14
تاریخ انتشار : 1394/06/01
کلید واژه:
آلبومین,
ژیاردیازیس,
کارکنان مواد غذایی,
چکیده مقاله :
آلودگی به ژیاردیا لامبلیا با فقر بهداشتی و آلودگی آب و مواد غذایی ارتباط تنگاتنگ دارد و می‌تواند منجر به سوءجذب غذا و سوءتغذیه گردد. لذا هدف این مطالعه تعیین فراوانی آلودگی به ژیاردیا لامبلیا در کارکنان مواد غذایی بندرعباس و تعیین سطح آلبومین سرمی مبتلایان بود. در این مطالعه توصیفی- مقطعی طی 6 ماه روی 11080 نمونه مدفوع افراد مراجعه‌کننده به آزمایشگاه مرکز تحقیقات دانشگاه علوم پزشکی هرمزگان که به نوعی در ارتباط با مواد غذایی جامعه نیز بودند، آزمایش انجام شد و پس از تشخیص موارد ژیاردیازیس، تعداد 30 نفر از افراد آلوده به ژیاردیا لامبلیا و 30 نفر از افراد سالم به‌ترتیب به‌عنوان گروه بیمار و شاهد انتخاب و میزان آلبومین سرمی آنان اندازه‌گیری شد. در مجموع 30 نفر (27/0%) به ژیاردیا لامبلیا آلوده بودند. سطح آلبومین سرمی در گروه بیمار و شاهد به‌ترتیب 8/46 و 9/53 گرم در لیتر بود. قوام مدفوع بیماران در 66% طبیعی بود و شدت آلودگی در 76% بیماران به‌صورت حاد مشاهده شد. نتایج نشان داد 90% بیماران مذکر و شهرنشین بودند و سبزیجات خام مصرف می‌کردند. هم‌چنین 66% آن‌ها سن بین 20 تا 30 سال داشتند. تفاوت معنی‌داری (05/0p<) در سطح آلبومین سرمی بیماران مبتلا به ژیاردیازیس و افراد سالم مشاهده شد که بیانگر وجود عارضه سوءجذب ناشی از آلودگی با این انگل بود. به‌نظر می‌رسد مصرف بالای سبزیجات خام، از راه‌های مهم انتقال ژیاردیالامبلیا باشد. طبق نتایج مطالعه، درصد بالایی از موارد شدت بالایی از آلودگی داشتند در حالی که برخی فاقد علایم بالینی بودند. این موضوع بیانگر وجود ناقلین مخفی در انتقال این انگل است. با توجه به آلودگی ژیاردیازیس در کارکنان مواد غذایی اهمیت و حساسیت شغل ایشان، دقت بیشتر در رعایت موازین بهداشتی ضروری است.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Giardiasis has a close relation with improper sanitation, consumption of contaminated water and foods and might be lead to malabsorption syndrome and nutritional deficiency. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the occurrence of giardiasis among the food staff in Bandarabbas and also to determine the concentration of serum albumin in infected individuals. In a cross-sectional study which was conducted in a 6 months period, a total of 11080 fecal samples of the food staff rerrered to the Research Center of Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, was examined. Then, 30 Giardia-positive together with 30 Giardia-negative individuals were chosen for further investigation. At this step, the concentration of serum albumin were evaluated in both groups. According to the results, 30 (0.27%) of the samples were positive for Giardia lamblia. The level of serum albumin in infected and healthy people were determined at 46.8 g/l and 53.9 g/l, respectively. Moreover, 66% of the fecal samples had normal condensation and 76% were intensively contaminated. Results revealed that 90% of the infected cases were male, urban and vegetable consumers. In addition, the age of 66% of the cases was between 20 to 30. The concentration of serum albumin in patients with giardiasis was significantly (p< 0.05) lower than the control group which might be related to malabsorption. Based on results, the consumption of raw vegetable seems to play an important role in transmission of Giardia infection. In addition, high occurrence of intensively contaminated patients together with the high rate of the individuals without clinical manifestations, reveals the Giardia hidden carriers. Regarding the occurrence of giardiasis among the food staff and considering the importance of their role in public health, the necessity for hygienic measures are reemphasized.
منابع و مأخذ:
Anuar, T.S., Ghani, M.K., Osman, E., Yasin, AM., Nordin, A., Azreen, S.N., et al. (2012). Giardiasis among different tribes of Orang Asli in Malaysia: highlighting the presence of other family members infected with Giardia intestinalis as a main risk factor. International Journal for Parasitology, 42(9): 871-880.
Bello, J., Núñez, F.A., González, O.M., Fernández, R., Almirall, P. and Escobedo, A.A. (2011). Risk factors for Giardia infection among hospitalized children in Cuba. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 105(1): 57-64.
Carroccio, A., Montalto, G., Iacono, G., Ippolito, S., Soresi, M. and Notarb artolo, A. (1997). Secondary impairment of pancreatic function as a cause of severe malabsorption in intestinal giardiasis: a case report. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene,56(6): 599-602.
Culha, G. and Sangün, M.K. (2007). Serum levels of zinc, copper, iron, cobalt, magnesium, and selenium elements in children diagnosed with Giardia intestinalis and Enterobiosis vermicularis in Hatay, Turkey. Biological Trace Element Research, 118(1): 21-26.
Francois, M., Levy-Bohbot, N., Caron, J. and Durlach, V. (2008). Chronic use of proton- pump inhibitors associated with giardiasis: A rare caus hypomagnesemic hypoparathyroidism? Annales d'Endocrinologie, 69(5): 446-448.
Furtado, A.K., Cabral, V.L., Santos, T.N., Mansour, E., Nagasako, C.K., Lorena, S.L., et al. (2012). Giardia infection: protein-losing enteropathy in an adult with immunodeficiency. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 18(19): 2430-2433.
Gomes, M.A., de Oliveira, D.R., de Freitas, S.E., de Pinho Viana, M. and Borges, E.L. (2012). Effect of giardiasis combined with low-protein diet on intestinal absorption of glucose and electrolytes in gerbils. Experimental Parasitology, 131(4): 448-451.
Lopatynski, J. and Rybicka-Stryjecka, Z. (1970). Infestation with Balantidium coli and Lamblia intestinalis as a cause of the malabsorption syndrome with tetany. Case report. Wiadomości parazytologiczne, 16(3): 325-330.
Lujan, H.D. (2006). Giardia and giardiasis. Medicine, 66(1): 70-74.
Markell, E.K., John, D.T. and Krotoski, W.A. (1999). Medical Parasitology. 8th Edition, Saunders W.B. Philadelphia, pp. 148-159.
Molina, N., Pezzani, B., Ciarmela, M., Orden, A., Rosa, D., Apezteguía, M., et al. (2011). Intestinal parasites and genotypes of Giardia intestinalis in school children from Berisso, Argentina. The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries, 5(7): 527-534.
Nkrumah, B. and Nguah, SB. (2011). Giardia lamblia: a major parasitic cause of childhood diarrhoea in patients attending a district hospital in Ghana. Nkrumah and Nguah Parasites & Vectors, 22(4):163.
Olivares, J.L., Fernández, R., Fleta, J., RodrÃguez, G. and Clavel, A. (2003). Serum mineral levels in children with intestinal parasitic infection. Digestive Diseases, 21(3): 258-261.
Shant, J., Ghosh, S., Bhattacharyya, S., Ganguly, N.K. and Majumdar, S. (2004). The alteration in signal transduction parameters induced by the excretory-secretory product from Giardia lamblia. Parasitology, 129(Pt 4): 421-430.
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Anuar, T.S., Ghani, M.K., Osman, E., Yasin, AM., Nordin, A., Azreen, S.N., et al. (2012). Giardiasis among different tribes of Orang Asli in Malaysia: highlighting the presence of other family members infected with Giardia intestinalis as a main risk factor. International Journal for Parasitology, 42(9): 871-880.
Bello, J., Núñez, F.A., González, O.M., Fernández, R., Almirall, P. and Escobedo, A.A. (2011). Risk factors for Giardia infection among hospitalized children in Cuba. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 105(1): 57-64.
Carroccio, A., Montalto, G., Iacono, G., Ippolito, S., Soresi, M. and Notarb artolo, A. (1997). Secondary impairment of pancreatic function as a cause of severe malabsorption in intestinal giardiasis: a case report. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene,56(6): 599-602.
Culha, G. and Sangün, M.K. (2007). Serum levels of zinc, copper, iron, cobalt, magnesium, and selenium elements in children diagnosed with Giardia intestinalis and Enterobiosis vermicularis in Hatay, Turkey. Biological Trace Element Research, 118(1): 21-26.
Francois, M., Levy-Bohbot, N., Caron, J. and Durlach, V. (2008). Chronic use of proton- pump inhibitors associated with giardiasis: A rare caus hypomagnesemic hypoparathyroidism? Annales d'Endocrinologie, 69(5): 446-448.
Furtado, A.K., Cabral, V.L., Santos, T.N., Mansour, E., Nagasako, C.K., Lorena, S.L., et al. (2012). Giardia infection: protein-losing enteropathy in an adult with immunodeficiency. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 18(19): 2430-2433.
Gomes, M.A., de Oliveira, D.R., de Freitas, S.E., de Pinho Viana, M. and Borges, E.L. (2012). Effect of giardiasis combined with low-protein diet on intestinal absorption of glucose and electrolytes in gerbils. Experimental Parasitology, 131(4): 448-451.
Lopatynski, J. and Rybicka-Stryjecka, Z. (1970). Infestation with Balantidium coli and Lamblia intestinalis as a cause of the malabsorption syndrome with tetany. Case report. Wiadomości parazytologiczne, 16(3): 325-330.
Lujan, H.D. (2006). Giardia and giardiasis. Medicine, 66(1): 70-74.
Markell, E.K., John, D.T. and Krotoski, W.A. (1999). Medical Parasitology. 8th Edition, Saunders W.B. Philadelphia, pp. 148-159.
Molina, N., Pezzani, B., Ciarmela, M., Orden, A., Rosa, D., Apezteguía, M., et al. (2011). Intestinal parasites and genotypes of Giardia intestinalis in school children from Berisso, Argentina. The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries, 5(7): 527-534.
Nkrumah, B. and Nguah, SB. (2011). Giardia lamblia: a major parasitic cause of childhood diarrhoea in patients attending a district hospital in Ghana. Nkrumah and Nguah Parasites & Vectors, 22(4):163.
Olivares, J.L., Fernández, R., Fleta, J., RodrÃguez, G. and Clavel, A. (2003). Serum mineral levels in children with intestinal parasitic infection. Digestive Diseases, 21(3): 258-261.
Shant, J., Ghosh, S., Bhattacharyya, S., Ganguly, N.K. and Majumdar, S. (2004). The alteration in signal transduction parameters induced by the excretory-secretory product from Giardia lamblia. Parasitology, 129(Pt 4): 421-430.
