List of articles (by subject) Extension and Economic
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Open Access Article
1 - Effect of Fadama III Programme on Food Crop Production Among Rural Women Farmers in Akoko South-West Local Government Area
Olutope OjoThe study looked at the effect of FADAMA III program on food crop production among rural women farmers in Akoko South-West Local.Government area of Ondo State, Nigeria. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 120 respondents, including sixty(60) partici MoreThe study looked at the effect of FADAMA III program on food crop production among rural women farmers in Akoko South-West Local.Government area of Ondo State, Nigeria. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 120 respondents, including sixty(60) participating and sixty(60) non-participating rural women farmers. The study data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, net farm income models, logit regression models, and Ordinary Least Square regression (OLS). The study found that participating and non-participating rural women farmers had mean ages of 46 and 49 years, respectively, and had completed secondary education. At 1% and 5% levels of likelihood, age, farm size, times of extension visit, and farming experience were all significant in the logistic regression results. FADAMA III participants and non-participants had net farm income (NFI) of ₦189,691.82 /Ha and ₦108,417.73 /Ha, respectively. The cost-benefit ratios for participants and non-participants were 12.82 and 8.40, respectively. According to the OLS regression, farm size (2515.581) is the only variable that is significant at 5% for non-participants, although educational status (59846.796) and farming experience (167547.42) are significant at 1% and 5% for participants as factors determining their net income. Inadequate extension agent output, poor leadership, a negative attitude toward the program, and a lack of knowledge of the program were the major constraints. The study revealed that Agricultural programs such as FADAMA III programs and other empowerment programs are essential to the agricultural sector, most especially the rural dwellers in most of the developing countries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Factors’ Affecting the Motives of Rural Households’ Saving Behavior in North Bench District, Bench Maji Zone of Southern Ethiopia
A Gonosa B Bargissa K TesfayA few studies conducted in Ethiopia about rural household’s saving behavior devoting much attention to macroeconomic data. Therefore, this paper examines both motives of rural household’s saving and factors affecting their saving behavior by using micro leve MoreA few studies conducted in Ethiopia about rural household’s saving behavior devoting much attention to macroeconomic data. Therefore, this paper examines both motives of rural household’s saving and factors affecting their saving behavior by using micro level data sets. Primary data were obtained from structured and semi-structured questionnaire, key informants interview, field observation and focus group discussion whereas the secondary data were gathered from banks and micro-finance institutions. A multistage sampling technique was used to select the study area and178 sample respondents. The descriptive statistical tools including frequencies and percentages were used to examine motives of rural household’s saving whereas chi-square test and t-test were used to examine statistical significance between dependent and explanatory variables. In addition, binary logit model was used to analyze factors affecting rural household’s saving behavior. Results show that mitigating emergency, smoothing future consumption, high interest rate, planning to have luxury life and starting new business were reasons behind the motives of rural household’s saving whereas lack of surplus income, shortage of formal financial institutions, lack of awareness and low interest rate were discouraging factors to save in the area. Furthermore, Age, education level, access to credit and extension service, interest rate, transaction cost and livestock ownership of household heads were factors significantly influencing rural household’s saving behavior . Giving emphasis on adult education, income diversification, expanding branches of formal financial institutions, proving extension service and revising interest rate were points recommended to all concerned bodies to enhance rural households saving behavior in the study area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Seasonality and Profitability: The Case of Smallholder Tomato Farmers in Thyolo District, Malawi
Daniel MatembaThis study examines the impact of seasonality on the profitability of smallholder tomato farmers in rural areas of Malawi. The Malawian government has implemented initiatives to promote horticultural crop production, including tomatoes, to reduce reliance on tobacco as MoreThis study examines the impact of seasonality on the profitability of smallholder tomato farmers in rural areas of Malawi. The Malawian government has implemented initiatives to promote horticultural crop production, including tomatoes, to reduce reliance on tobacco as the primary source of foreign exchange earnings. Using a mixed-methods approach, data from 75 participants in the Thyolo District of Malawi was collected and analyzed. The study evaluates profits in different seasons, compares average earnings in winter and summer, and investigates price variations in markets. Findings show that tomato prices are higher in summer, reflecting the inverse relationship between prices and production cycles. Tomato production remains financially viable in both seasons, but the dry season is more economically rewarding with higher gross profits. The study recommends empowering farmers to increase year-round tomato cultivation. Further research could explore factors contributing to profitability disparities between seasons and investigate the impact of weather conditions and climate change on tomato production. The findings have important implications for policymakers, researchers, and stakeholders interested in sustainable agriculture and rural development in Malawi. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Absconding of Honeybee Colonies from Beehives: Underlying Factors and its Financial Implications for Beekeepers in Tanzania
Nicholaus Kuboja Fredy Kilima Aida IsinikaA study was conducted to investigate honeybee colonies absconding from beehives and its financial implication among beekeepers in Tabora and Katavi regions, Western Tanzania. Four districts were selected on the basis of adoption of improved beehives. A total of 198 beek MoreA study was conducted to investigate honeybee colonies absconding from beehives and its financial implication among beekeepers in Tabora and Katavi regions, Western Tanzania. Four districts were selected on the basis of adoption of improved beehives. A total of 198 beekeepers were randomly selected for interviews. Data collected from beekeepers using a questionnaire were supplemented with data from focus group discussions and interviews with key informants that included experienced beekeepers, extension workers and subject matter specialists. Drought, presence of bee pests, diseases and predators and shortage of bee forage were identified as major factors causing honeybee colonies to abscond from beehives in the study area. The act of honeybee colonies absconding from hives caused an average annual income loss of TZS 2 894 555.89 (US$ 1822.5) and TZS 1 797 105.02 (US$ 1131.5) among beekeepers using traditional and those using improved beehives, respectively. Such losses were accelerated by beekeepers’ failure to uphold good management practices, especially with respect to undertaking regular follow-ups and cleaning of beehives as well as inappropriate harvesting methods. Inappropriate beekeeping practices were found to be the root causes of honeybee colonies to abscond from hives. As remedies to such losses, beekeepers should be advised to use improved hives and uphold good beekeeping practices. The role of extension service is vital in creating this awareness among beekeepers in the study area. Lessons from this study are also vital to inform policy and practices in the beekeeping sector in Tanzania and beyond. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Impact of Microfinance on Smallholder Cassava and Rice Farms Productivity in Makurdi Metropolis, Benue State, Nigeria
Francis Ogebe Ayuba Ali Ishaaqa OlagunjuThis study was undertaken to investigate the impact of microfinance on agricultural productivity by smallholder farmers in Makurdi Metropolis of Benue State, Nigeria. Data were randomly collected from 120 farmers consisting of 60 credit beneficiaries (CB) and 60 non-cre MoreThis study was undertaken to investigate the impact of microfinance on agricultural productivity by smallholder farmers in Makurdi Metropolis of Benue State, Nigeria. Data were randomly collected from 120 farmers consisting of 60 credit beneficiaries (CB) and 60 non-credit beneficiaries (NCB) by which were analyzed through descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis. The results of the regression analysis showed a clear impact of microfinance credit on agricultural productivity. Findings revealed that, the accessed credits help farmers to purchase inputs and improve farming technologies which ultimately transformed into higher productivity of the credit beneficiaries as CB farmers realized higher yields (52.1 bags) compared to the NCB farmers (24.6 bags). This is partly because the CB were relatively better in the use of inputs such as adoption of improved seeds, use of fertilizers and affordability of hired labor which ultimately enhanced their farm productivity. The study concluded that though microfinance credits has significant impact on agricultural productivity under smallholder farmers, access to microfinance credits by smallholder farmers in the study area is constrained by lack of microfinance credit information, high interest rates, and inadequate supply of credit institutions as well as risk averse nature of some farmers. Thus, in order to enhance agricultural productivity and improve the well-being of smallholder farmers, it is recommended that smallholder farmers should be facilitated to form “Savings and Credits Cooperative Unions” (SACCOS) for collective responsibilities of accessing credits and paying loans. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Willingness To Pay For Organic Vegetables among Households in Anambra State, Nigeria
C Nwofoke B BargissaThis paper reports the result of a study that empirically determined the willingness to pay for organic vegetables among households in Anambra State, South East Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling technique was adopted in the selection of 120 respondents for the study. Primar MoreThis paper reports the result of a study that empirically determined the willingness to pay for organic vegetables among households in Anambra State, South East Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling technique was adopted in the selection of 120 respondents for the study. Primary and a secondary data collected through the aid of a well-structured questionnaire augmented with an interview schedule and a secondary data from journals were used for the study. Data were analyzed using appropriate tools such as tobit regression, frequency tables, mean scores among others. Results of the analysis on age, sex, marital and educational status of the sample respondents showed that majority (50%) of them were aged between 41-50 years, 67% of them were males, majority (71%) of the respondents were married and 42% had secondary education respectively. Furthermore, majority of the respondents (60%) had annual income ranged between 100,000-200,000 Naira among others. Result of the study further showed that majority (57.50%) of the respondents had no prior knowledge of organic vegetables. Concomitantly, willing to pay for organic vegetable was hindered by many factors encompassing lack of knowledge on its advantage (= 3.6), High cost ( = 3.2), lack of income ( = 2.8) and distance to the source of organic vegetables ( = 2.6). private sectors should commercialize organic vegetables since people are willing to pay for it; local government including the private sector should mount serious awareness campaigns to sensitize Nigerian populace on numerous benefits of organic vegetable especially on health related matters in the study area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Fish Consumers’ Behavior Analysis in Ibadan Metropolis of Oyo state, Nigeria
Ayanboye OluyemiThe awareness of consumers' choice of a product is an eye-opener to guide and develop a robust policy for such an industry. This study applied the descriptive statistics and Multinomial Logit (MNL) Model to analyse consumers' behaviour in fish products. Data for this st MoreThe awareness of consumers' choice of a product is an eye-opener to guide and develop a robust policy for such an industry. This study applied the descriptive statistics and Multinomial Logit (MNL) Model to analyse consumers' behaviour in fish products. Data for this study were collected from a primary source. Results indicated that consumers’ choice among alternative fish products was influenced by income and education level of consumers. About 38%, 31% and 31% of respondents choose frozen, fresh and smoked fish, respectively as their main preferred products. The mean income was N 29929.41(USD71.49) per month with a standard deviation of N 34517.08(USD82.45). The average amount spent per day on fish consumption was N 1269.97(USD3.03) while the amount spent per day on substitutes for fish was N 1958.824 (USD 4.68). Factors that significantly influenced the consumers’ behaviour for smoked fish were age, gender, marital status, household size, fish price per day, price of fish close substitute, health status and fish quality. It is recommended that these identified factors should be incorporated into policy formation by the stakeholders for the sustainable development of the fisheries industry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Profitability Assessment of Catfish Marketing In Ondo State, Nigeria
Oluwatoyin OlagunjuThe study assessed the profitability of catfish marketing in Ondo State, Nigeria. Structured interviews were used to collect information from a total of 50 marketers in each selected town across four local governments using a multi-stage sampling technique. Descriptive MoreThe study assessed the profitability of catfish marketing in Ondo State, Nigeria. Structured interviews were used to collect information from a total of 50 marketers in each selected town across four local governments using a multi-stage sampling technique. Descriptive statistics, Gini coefficient, and regression analysis were used for data analysis. The profitability analysis showed that catfish marketing is profitable with an income of N2,998 ($8.3) for every marketing operation. The Gini Coefficient value of 0.74 showed a high level of inequality in income distribution among the catfish marketers and also a high concentration of catfish marketers in the study area. The regression analysis showed that the total kilogram of catfish sold, the price per kilogram of catfish, experience in years, transportation cost of catfish, and age in years are determinants of income of catfish marketers and accounted for 91.2% variation in income of the catfish marketers. The problems militating against catfish marketing in the study area include; high rate of spoilage and high cost of transportation in the study area. The study recommended among others that the government should try as much as possible to organize seminars, workshops, and necessary trainings for catfish marketers on how they can reduce their losses so as to have a required and sustainable income. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Factors Affecting the Rural Poverty and its Vulnerability
O. F Ogebe M. A Adejo P. A BurbuwaThestudy assessed the determinants and vulnerability to rural poverty in Nigeria using 2018-2019 Nigerian Living Standards Survey data. Binary probit regression model was used to ascertain the determinants of poverty and probability of the household being vulnerable to MoreThestudy assessed the determinants and vulnerability to rural poverty in Nigeria using 2018-2019 Nigerian Living Standards Survey data. Binary probit regression model was used to ascertain the determinants of poverty and probability of the household being vulnerable to poverty. Linear regression model was used to ascertain how various kinds of households’ characteristics impact on the likelihood that the household will fall into poverty. The probit estimates showed that economic growth, debt, inflation, investment, corruption, life expectancy, and unemployment rate were major determinants of poverty in Nigeria as they have potential to aggravate poverty. It was found that lower household size is associated with low vulnerability to poverty. The odd ratios of the probit model showed that household characteristics of age, household size, female-headed households and households located in northern zones of the country are significantly correlated with poverty and are major socio-economic determinants of household vulnerability to poverty. The rate of decrease in vulnerability is marginal in all other northern zones relative to north east but larger in the southern geopolitical zones. Vulnerability to poverty is a more serious issue in Nigeria, particularly in the north-eastern part of the country. The research recommends creation of enabling environment that encourages small and medium scale business to thrive in order to reduce the level of unemployment which has pervasive effect on poverty. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Analysis of Risks in Financing Agriculture a Case of Agricultural Cooperatives in Benue State, Nigeria
Odey Ogah Felix Ikyereve Francis OgebeThe study analyzed risks in financing agriculture by agricultural cooperatives in Benue State, Nigeria and use research questionnaires for data collection. A multistage sampling technique was used to select the sample of 210 respondents from 21 agricultural cooperatives MoreThe study analyzed risks in financing agriculture by agricultural cooperatives in Benue State, Nigeria and use research questionnaires for data collection. A multistage sampling technique was used to select the sample of 210 respondents from 21 agricultural cooperatives. Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed in data analysis. Loan defaulting (66.7%) and reduction in savings by members (51.4%) were the major causes of risks faced by agricultural cooperatives in the study area. Other were: adverse changes in commodity prices (48.6%), disaster (45.7%) among others. Risks adversely influence the profitability and competition of agricultural cooperatives (82.9%). Multiple regression analysis results showed that the coefficient of multiple determinations was 0.67 implying that the explanatory variables included in the model accounted for 67% of the variation in the level of profitability of agricultural cooperatives. The number of loans, average amount of loan and the interest rate were significant and important determinants of profitability of the cooperatives. Majority of the respondents (88.6%) made use of loan guarantors as a strategy of managing loan default/ repayment. It was found that majority (70%) of the respondents faced the challenge of lack of insurance cover. The study recommend that Agricultural cooperative officials should be encouraged to undergo formal training and education so as to easily acquire administrative skills in the management of agricultural loans, Farmers loan size should be increased and released on time to enable them use it effectively. Policies that enhance insuring farm activities should be put in place so as to discourage farmers risk aversion. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Analysis of Income Determinants among Farm Households in Kaduna State, Nigeria
O Ogah F Ogebe M ShehuThe study was conducted to analysed the income determinants among farm households in Kaduna state, Nigeria. One hundred and twenty (120) respondents were administered questionnaires selected using simple random sampling. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics l MoreThe study was conducted to analysed the income determinants among farm households in Kaduna state, Nigeria. One hundred and twenty (120) respondents were administered questionnaires selected using simple random sampling. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics like frequency distribution, percentages, mean and inferential statistics like multiple regressions. Results from the analysis revealed that, the respondents were in their productive age, (46 years), mostly males (60%), highly educated, married (50%) with average family size of 7 persons. The analysis also documented that 38% of the respondents earned their income from off-farm activities with an average annual income of N188, 466.50. The major factors that influence income determination were marital status, household size, farm size and credit as these have coefficients that were significant at 1%, 5%, 5% and 1% levels respectively with a high R-2 value of .86. The study concluded that on- farm income is the most important source of income for rural household and recommend that on- farm and non-farm economic activities should be promoted among rural households income improvement. The need for farmers to form cooperative society is important as access to credit significantly influenced income of farmers, this will also enable them to increase their farm size. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Prioritizing the Effective Capital Components in the Agricultural Sector by Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process
Abdolhadi Farrokh tabar Belgheys Bavarsad Majid Ahmadabadi Saber ZavardehiThe purpose of this study is to prioritize the effective components of capital in the agricultural sector with a fuzzy approach.Because Given the limited resources of capital, and especially for a developing country, the emphasis on investment and its allocation to key MoreThe purpose of this study is to prioritize the effective components of capital in the agricultural sector with a fuzzy approach.Because Given the limited resources of capital, and especially for a developing country, the emphasis on investment and its allocation to key sectors is very important. Also, by paying more attention to the sectors with higher priority for investment, while benefiting from some savings, domestic needs can be met and the ground for presence and competition in global markets can be provided. The role of investment in the agricultural sector in creating job opportunities is undeniable, and growth of GDP and economic growth depends on investment. To achieve this goal this method has been used for the first time and is innovative in terms of theme and fuzzy conceptual model used and includes previous research and documentation, interviewing experts in agricultural sector and using MAXQDA 2018 software. And the reliability of the researcher-made questionnaire with Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.855 was obtained. The statistical population includes 62 people, who after studying and reviewing, identified four main criteria and eight sub-indicators. After performing Fuzzy Hierarchical Analysis (FAHP) using MATLAB software, finally, the prioritization of the eight identified sub-indices was obtained. According to the results, the highest weight belongs to the S criterion (technical reality) with a value of 0.554, and the lowest weight belongs to the W criterion (cultural and social) with a value of 0.031. DOR: 20.1001.1.22517588.2021.11.2.3.7 Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Economic Analysis of Cooperative Societies and Agricultural Productivity in Rural Households in Delta State, Nigeria
Peter EmaziyeThe primary objective of this research is to examine the contributions of co-operatives on rural household agricultural productivity. Multistage sampling was employed in the random selection of 120 co-operators and non-cooperators respectively. But only 115 co-operators MoreThe primary objective of this research is to examine the contributions of co-operatives on rural household agricultural productivity. Multistage sampling was employed in the random selection of 120 co-operators and non-cooperators respectively. But only 115 co-operators and non-cooperators were utilized for the study. The active mean age of 42 years and married female rural households with secondary educational level obtained their sources of credit facilities from co-operatives. The study also revealed that most rural households with an increase in livestock and crop production obtained their sources of credit from co-operatives. The study also revealed that rural households have constraints in obtaining credits from conventional banks. The study recommends that government policies should be geared towards agricultural co-operatives to increase food productivity and food security. The study also recommends that the government should put enabling laws to enforce conventional banks to provide soft loans via rural households' co-operatives for their farming activities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - A Profit Approach Comparison between Tomato Grown under Organic and Inorganic Methods in a Typical Nigeria’s Soil
Hamza Babagiwa Aliyu Muhammad R. Ja’afar-FuroThe role of tomatoes as nutritive vegetable crop in the diet of most humans has been stressed or advanced by many scientists. This study therefore, assessed the profitability of tomato production using organic and inorganic fertilisers on a typical irrigated soil in Hon MoreThe role of tomatoes as nutritive vegetable crop in the diet of most humans has been stressed or advanced by many scientists. This study therefore, assessed the profitability of tomato production using organic and inorganic fertilisers on a typical irrigated soil in Hong Local Government Area, Adamawa State, Nigeria, with the intent of ensuring a more acceptable measure of sustainability among rural farming communities. A total of 120 (60 in each category) producers were purposely selected from 2016/2017 irrigation season for the study. Data were collected through a cost route method by application of structured questionnaire and complemented with interview and group discussions. Descriptive statistics, Gross Margin Analysis and Net Farm Income were engaged in the analysis of data. Findings showed that most of the farmers were married males aged between 31 and 60 years with farming experience ranging from 11 – 20 years. A larger proportion of the farmers had first school leaving certificates and cultivated less than a hectare of farmland. While the most popular organic fertilisers among the farmers were cow dung and small ruminant droppings, Nitrogen-Phosphorus-Potassium 15-15-15 (NPK) fertiliser was largely applied among the respondents. The returns on Naira (₦) invested for users of organic and inorganic fertilisers were 2.5 and 0.73, respectively, signifying that the former farms were more profitable. Conclusively, it can be stated that the application of organic fertilisers yielded more profit than the chemical fertilisers. Therefore, institutions of concern should strongly work towards making the application of organic fertilisers more popular. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Determinants of Frozen Fish Consumption by Households in Delta State, Nigeria
Theophilus GbigbiThe research explored factors affecting the consumption of frozen fish in Delta State Nigeria. One hundred and 20 participants from 12 communities were randomly chosen. In order to obtain information from the respondents, a questionnaire was used. The findings indicate MoreThe research explored factors affecting the consumption of frozen fish in Delta State Nigeria. One hundred and 20 participants from 12 communities were randomly chosen. In order to obtain information from the respondents, a questionnaire was used. The findings indicate that 57.5% of those surveyed were females with mean of 43years old. Around 64.2% of the respondents were married and 81.7% of them were educated. The average household size was around 5 people; 92.5% were Christian and they had a mean income of N72,499.5. The mean consumption expenditure of frozen fish was N11,899.95. The average frozen fish intake per capita was 10.38 kg /year. Beef is the principal substitute of frozen fish. Owing to health reasons, most preferred consumption of frozen fish. Religion did not impede consumption of frozen. Majority of the respondents preferred to consume frozen fish in smoked form. The result revealed that age, educational status, household size, income level, frozen fish prices and frozen fish substitute prices influence the consumption of frozen fish.. It is recommended price of frozen fish should be controlled to encourage its consumption considering the nutritional benefits. DOR:20.1001.1.22517588.2021.11.1.4.6 Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Covid-19 Lockdown: Implication on Commodity Food Price and Household Food Security in Kwara State, Nigeria
Oluwaremilekun Adebisi Luke Oloruntoba Adebisi Femi Ibrahim Amos Omofaiye Asuquo JonathanIn the face of the unprecedented threat the world is faced with, caused by covid-19 pandemic which has affected health and disrupted the functioning of food system resulting in inadequate nutrition of many people around the world. The study examined the movement in the MoreIn the face of the unprecedented threat the world is faced with, caused by covid-19 pandemic which has affected health and disrupted the functioning of food system resulting in inadequate nutrition of many people around the world. The study examined the movement in the price of staple food commodities as a result of Covid-19 and its impact on food security of households in Kwara State, Nigeria. Primary data was used for the study and a convenient sampling technique was adopted in the selection of the respondents. A structured questionnaire was used for the purpose of extracting needed information from households selected for the study. The data were analyzed using with Descriptive Statistics, Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) and Correlation Analysis. The result showed that there was increase in price in all the major staple foods consumed during covid-19. Only 23% of the households were found to be food secure while 51% and 26% of all the households surveyed were found to be moderately and severely food insecure respectively. The effect of the increase in the price of staple commodity food on households food security was statistically significant (r = -0.375, p < 0.000) showing that movement in the prices of staple food has negative effect on food security of people. It is therefore recommended that there should be regulation of commodity food prices as this will enable medium and low income households to buy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Gender Analysis of the Effect of Income on Farming Households Utilization of Modern Health Care Services in Kwara State, Nigeria
Luke Oloruntoba Emmanuel Henshaw Oluwaremilekun Adebisi Faith Omoregie Asuquo JonathanThe study made use of a gender disaggregated data to examine the effect of income on modern healthcare utilization among female and male headed household farmers in Kwara State, Nigeria. A total of 200 households were randomly selected for the study. A structured questi MoreThe study made use of a gender disaggregated data to examine the effect of income on modern healthcare utilization among female and male headed household farmers in Kwara State, Nigeria. A total of 200 households were randomly selected for the study. A structured questionnaire was used for the purpose of extracting needed information from the respondents. The data collected was analyzed with descriptive statistics and Ordinary least square regression analysis. The mean annual health expenditure of the male and female headed households were #2,810 and #4,010 respectively. The result of regression analysis revealed that access to modern healthcare service, years of schooling, membership of Social group and amount of credit accessed significantly affects utilization of modern heath care among the male farming households heads while household size, years of schooling, access to healthcare service, amount of credit, membership of social group and Income affects the utilization of modern healthcare among the female headed households. The study concluded that income significantly affects utilization of modern healthcare among female headed households when compared with their male counterparts. It is therefore recommended that there should proper awareness of the benefit of using modern healthcare services in farming communities especially among the male headed households. DOR: 20.1001.1.22517588.2021.11.2.5.9 Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Two Stage Maize Supply Chain Model For Production And Marketing Efficiency
Never Mafuse Abbysinia Mushunje Simbarashe Tatsvarei Emmanuel ZivengeThis study, aimed at examining the economic efficiency of resettled A1 maize farmers in maize supply chains. The main objective of the study was to find out the most economic supply chain Descriptive statistics was used to describe inputs sources and outputs while DEA w MoreThis study, aimed at examining the economic efficiency of resettled A1 maize farmers in maize supply chains. The main objective of the study was to find out the most economic supply chain Descriptive statistics was used to describe inputs sources and outputs while DEA was used to assess the economic efficiency of farmers in supply chains. Multi-stage sampling procedure was adopted to sample the respondents in Marondera District. A total of 343 respondents were interviewed using structured interview guide. Results indicated that, A1 farmers participate in a number of markets that include agricultural inputs markets and credit markets which include banks as well as labour markets. Results also indicated that formal channel is more efficient than informal channel. Farmers are economically efficient at production stage than marketing stage. Farmers are recommended to use formal channel of marketing because they are more efficient than informal channel. Farmers will get more money by using the formal channels than informal channels. The government is also recommended to correct inefficiencies and ineffective institutions that have given rise to more informal activities. DOR:20.1001.1.22517588.2021.11.1.3.5 Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Factors underlying farmers’ choice of market information system in Lilongwe, Malawi
Fredy Kilima Thokozani ChikuniThe paper sought to investigate the effect of simultaneous use of radio- and mobile phone- based agricultural market information systems on smallholder farmers’ access to information focusing on prices of agricultural inputs and commodities. A multivariate probit MoreThe paper sought to investigate the effect of simultaneous use of radio- and mobile phone- based agricultural market information systems on smallholder farmers’ access to information focusing on prices of agricultural inputs and commodities. A multivariate probit model was estimated to gauge potential use of each information system by farmers to access information on prices of agricultural inputs and commodities. Results reveals limited use of mobile phones to jointly access input and commodity prices as the devices were mainly for accessing information on commodity prices. The cost of using mobile phones was the dominant factor underlying the low use of mobile phones to access information on commodity prices. The cost of use along with farmers’ access to extension and group membership were the major factors underlying the use of radio to access price information. Results predicted higher prospect for smallholder farmers to use radio- than mobile phone-based information system to access information on agricultural inputs and commodities. Endeavors to promote farmers access to markets information should focus on creating synergies with extension services and local initiatives linking farmers through groups. Future research on the subject matter should attempt to accommodate more means of acquiring market information including extension agents and explanatory variables to enhance robustness of the adopted model or its variants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Economic Effect of Social Media on Small Scale Poultry Farmers, Evidence from Nigeria
Abraham Falola Ridwan Mukaila Abisola KudaboSocial media has transformed communication and interaction of people globally, thereby impacting businesses positively. Its usage and effects on poultry farming have gained little or no attention. Thus, this study assessed the level, purpose and constraints in usage, in MoreSocial media has transformed communication and interaction of people globally, thereby impacting businesses positively. Its usage and effects on poultry farming have gained little or no attention. Thus, this study assessed the level, purpose and constraints in usage, including the effect of social media on poultry farmers profitability. Data collected from 150 poultry farmers were analysed using descriptive statistics, gross margin and multiple regression. The results revealed that 90.7% of the farmers used social media in poultry management frequently. Farmers used social media to sell their products, acquire skills, obtain information on pest and disease control, and input supply. Meanwhile, the farmers faced some challenges such as poor and high cost of internet service, and poor power supply in using social media. The poultry farmers had a gross margin of N101,875.13 ($247.60) with a profitability index of 0.96 and an operating ratio of 0.51. The use of social media increased the profitability of poultry farming business. Farming experience, education, access to credit and cost of feeds and drugs also influenced the profitability of poultry business. Thus, the government has a key role to play in regulating and reducing the internet tariff plan charged by the network providers to enhance the use of ICTs in agriculture which will, in turn, enhanced profitability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Value Chain of Catfish Products in Ibadan Metropolis, Oyo State
Zacchaeus Oluwafemi Abolupe Ayanboye Benedicta OluwafemiAbstractThis study examined the value chain of catfish products in Ibadan metropolis. The data used was from a primary origin. The instrument of data collection was structured questionnaires and in-depth interviews. Purposive sampling method using snowball technique was MoreAbstractThis study examined the value chain of catfish products in Ibadan metropolis. The data used was from a primary origin. The instrument of data collection was structured questionnaires and in-depth interviews. Purposive sampling method using snowball technique was employed to select 50 catfish farmers and 50 catfish marketers in the study area. While random sampling technique was engaged for selection of 100 catfish consumers.more over, descriptive statistics, profitability and value chain analysis techniques were used to analyse the data collected. The findings revealed that majority of the actors in the catfish value chain were relatively young adults with moderate household size and having higher level of education. The catfish farmers should be induced with productive resources to harness their potentials. Also, catfish experts should collaborate and work on local feed materials to reduce the cost of catfish feeds and catfish marketing cooperative or self-help groups should be developed to stimulate consumption Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Profitability and Technical Efficiency of Maize-Based Cropping System Farmers in Ondo State, Nigeria
Tolulope Olubunmi-Ajayi Taye Amos Emmanuel Borokini Oluyede AturamuThis study was carried out to evaluate the technical efficiency of maize-based cropping systems in Ondo State, Nigeria. Primary data were used with the aid of a well-designed questionnaire. A multistage sampling procedure was used to randomly select 160 respondents. The MoreThis study was carried out to evaluate the technical efficiency of maize-based cropping systems in Ondo State, Nigeria. Primary data were used with the aid of a well-designed questionnaire. A multistage sampling procedure was used to randomly select 160 respondents. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics, budgeting technique, and stochastic frontier production function model. The results of the budgetary technique revealed that the average gross margin per hectare was ₦17,715.03, ₦53,230.76, and ₦14,651 for sole maize cropping system, maize-cassava cropping system, and maize-yam cropping system, respectively. It was shown that household size and access to credit were the main determinants of the technical efficiency in sole maize cropping pattern, while access to credit and farming experience were the main determinants of technical efficiency in maize-cassava. In maize-yam, educational level and household size significantly affected technical efficiency. Farmers in the study area were producing at about 76% efficiency in sole maize cropping system, 89% efficiency in maize-cassava cropping system, 82% efficiency in maize-yam cropping system. The elasticity of variables inputs was 0.18 in sole maize cropping system, 0.61 in maize-cassava cropping system, and 0.33 in maize-yam cropping system. This indicates that all the maize-based cropping system had decreasing return to scale; therefore, the cropping systems fell within the rational stage of production surface. The implication is that maize-based farmers have not attained maximum efficiency in term of their production. Therefore, policy attention should be directed towards appropriate production technique that would improve productivity in the study area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - IMPACT OF CONSTRAINTS AND CREDIT ON THE PROBABILITY OF PARTICIPATION: EVIDENCE FROM FISH PRODUCERS IN NIGERIA
Job Nmadu Bukola__Oluwatobi__Oyediran Bukola__Oluwatobi__Oyediran Halima SallawuThe study involved 643 fish value chain actors in Niger and Kebbi States in Nigeria from whom data were collected between April 2022 and February 2023 via structured questionnaire and analysed using Garrett ranking, Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) and regression. Th MoreThe study involved 643 fish value chain actors in Niger and Kebbi States in Nigeria from whom data were collected between April 2022 and February 2023 via structured questionnaire and analysed using Garrett ranking, Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) and regression. These two states have access to Rivers Niger, Shiroro and Kaduna and their various tributaries. From the results obtained, 48 variables out of the 65 described by the actors were considered a constraint based on the mean and five latent factors were determined and the values retrieved for further analysis. The latent variables exhibited positive bi-directional relationship between one another which is an indication that the factors are not isolated occurrences. From the propensity score matching (PSM) and regression, a number of policy variables were obtained which may call for further investigation but needs to be adequately addressed. Particularly, the tendency of low probability of participation in the face of low educational acquisition. There is also a very strong indication that the actors are conducting their businesses with low capital which has further devalue the level of participation. Ultimately, doing business with adequate capital can increase participation by up to 15% and as such, can increase outputs, income, profits and enhance livelihoods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Investigating the Role of Personalized Digital Extension Services on Agricultural Performance (A Case Study of Farmers in Fars Province)
Mohsen Moosaei Nina AfshariThis research aims to investigate the role of personalized digital extension services on agricultural performance (a case study of farmers in Fars province). In terms of the purpose of an applied research and based on the nature of the research data, it is considered a MoreThis research aims to investigate the role of personalized digital extension services on agricultural performance (a case study of farmers in Fars province). In terms of the purpose of an applied research and based on the nature of the research data, it is considered a descriptive-survey research. The statistical population of this research included 287,863 farmers in Fars province. Morgan's table was used to calculate the sample size. According to this table, the sample size under investigation is 385 people. A panel of experts was used to determine the validity of the questionnaire and Cronbach's alpha test was used to calculate the reliability of the questionnaire. Its value for the whole questionnaire was 898, which shows that the questionnaire has good reliability. To analyze the research data in the descriptive statistics section of the mean, median, frequency and frequency percentage and in the inferential statistics section of the structural equation modeling method with the partial least squares approach (PLS SEM) in the three main sections of external model evaluation (examining the relationship between the question and the variable), the internal model (examining the relationship between the variables) and checking the fit of the model using SPSS 21 and Smart PLS 2 statistical software. The results of the research showed that personalized digital extension services have a positive and significant effect on agricultural performance, agricultural income, variety of product production, intensity of input consumption, product productivity, willingness to use technology and product commercialization of farmers in Fars province. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Climate Information and Health Variables as Determinants of Technical Efficiency: Insight from Food Crop Farmers
Adewale Olutumise Lawrence OparindeClimate poses challenges to the health and productivity of the populace. It is against this background that the study examined the effect of climate change and health on farmers’ productivity in Southwest Nigeria. The research dwelt on cross-sectional data gathere MoreClimate poses challenges to the health and productivity of the populace. It is against this background that the study examined the effect of climate change and health on farmers’ productivity in Southwest Nigeria. The research dwelt on cross-sectional data gathered through a structured questionnaire and a personal interview. A multistage sampling method was used to select 450 respondents at a random. Descriptive statistics and the Stochastic Frontier Production Function were used to analyse the data. The findings of the inefficiency component revealed that education, catastrophic health payment status, access to healthcare services, and adoption of adaptation measures were the most important determinants of farmer technical efficiency, with unhealthy days reducing farmer technical efficiency. The average technical efficiency value was 0.73, while the total elasticity coefficient was 1.27. It showed that food production was still operated in stage I (increasing RTS) of the production surface. Therefore, in designing sustainable agricultural development that will promote economic performance, policymakers need to incorporate health and climate adaptation measures into the production system to get optimum output in the study area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Recognizing the Challenges Facing the Commercialization of Agricultural Research (From The Perspective of the Agricultural Bank Staff)
Sahar Dehyour Azita ZandDespite many decades of intensive research by universities and other research centers in the public and private sectors that could improve finance and monetary applications in agriculture activities, there has as yet not been any brilliant transforming commercialization MoreDespite many decades of intensive research by universities and other research centers in the public and private sectors that could improve finance and monetary applications in agriculture activities, there has as yet not been any brilliant transforming commercialization. as the objective, Commercialization barriers causing slow market growth and poor acceptance of agriculture research in Iran are discussed here. The study's population consists of Qom Keshavarzi Bank employees. The sampling method is proportional classification, and a questionnaire is a research tool. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by the ideas of the specialists’ panel while its reliability was supported by using Cronbach’s alpha ratio with an internal correlation coefficient of 0/79. Descriptive and deductive methods were used to analyze information. SPSS and LISREL software packages were used for statistical analyses. Findings indicate that the research theoretical model on the direct and negative impact of such challenges as lack of knowledge on commercialization, policy making, lack of organs that support commercialization, commercialization negligence, and research structure on latent variable of agricultural research findings is confirmed by high fitness which indicates right identification of affecting challenges on research commercialization and needs to find solution for facilitating the modification of such challenges. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Understanding Livelihood Status of Fishing Communities to the Impact of Climate Change in The Coastal Areas of Bangladesh
Shahali Mitul Fakir Huda Md. AsaduzzamanThis study assessed the livelihood status and vulnerability context of Bangladeshi coastal small-scale fishing communities to the impacts of climate variability and change. The study was carried out in two villages of Patharghata upazilla in Barguna District, Bangladesh MoreThis study assessed the livelihood status and vulnerability context of Bangladeshi coastal small-scale fishing communities to the impacts of climate variability and change. The study was carried out in two villages of Patharghata upazilla in Barguna District, Bangladesh and data were collected from a purposively drawn sample of 90 fisher’s households. Following a mixed-method approach the data were collected using household questionnaires, key informant interviews as well as from secondary sources. A conceptual framework known as Sustainable Livelihood Approach (SLA) were used for vulnerability assessment. Most of the fishermen belong to young aged group and their educational and training status was very low. Ownership of different livelihood assets among fishermen were not satisfactory. The fishing households is more exposed to climatic variability and change that promoted the impacts of sea level rise, land erosion, cyclones and associated flooding which influence all the livelihood assets and strategies of fishing communities. Most of the households have lower access to sanitation, market transportation, health facilities, GO and NGO services during adverse climatic situation. Increased levels of cyclones and floods will result in greater damage of fishing equipment’s, livelihood assets and lower level of fish catch. Income from fisheries related activities were found reduced by reduction in fish catching which in turn affecting their livelihoods. About 51.67 percent of the sampled households were highly vulnerable i.e., they have greater probability to fall in future income vulnerability. This study recommends for similar studies in other parts of country to develop a benchmark for comparison. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Technology Adopters versus Non-Technology Adopters on the Sustainability of Agricultural Cooperatives
Erwin Kurniawan A. Nurjanana Nurjanana Ndan Imang Arfiah Busari Purwanti Purwanti Dio__Caisar__Darma Dio__Caisar__DarmaIn the current situation, the world is busy with technological advances, including Indonesia. Since its arrival, many business fields have competed with each other to take part as technology users. One business sector that cannot be separated from technological support MoreIn the current situation, the world is busy with technological advances, including Indonesia. Since its arrival, many business fields have competed with each other to take part as technology users. One business sector that cannot be separated from technological support is cooperatives. On the other hand, some cooperatives in the developing phase experience technological lag. At the same time, East Kutai Regency, which is the agricultural center in East Kalimantan Province, tends to rely on the cooperative sector to encourage small and medium-scale economies. This research aims to investigate the causality between access to computers (AC), internet networks (IN), digital administration skills (DAS), and financial literacy (FL) on profits (PFT). The objectivity of the study compares agricultural cooperatives that adopt technology with adopt non-technology. Using panel data regression from eighteen sub-districts in East Kutai, it is proven that technology adopting agricultural cooperatives were more prominent than non-technology adopting agricultural cooperatives during 2017–2022. However, there is a harmony in the statistical findings from both observations, where access to computers and financial literacy both have a significant effect on profits. Other analysis results show that internet networks and digital administration skills have an insignificant impact on profits. The study's implications provide valuable output for the future sustainability of agricultural cooperatives. The success of agricultural cooperatives depends greatly on the effectiveness of the application of technology. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Rice Farmers' Technical Efficiency and Level of Poverty: Evidence from the Anchor Borrower Program (ABP)
Kafayat Belewu Abraham Ajao Ayinde EzekielTo avoid the moribund path of most of the earlier implemented agricultural-based interventions in Nigeria. Anchor Borrowers’ program was introduced to contribute meaningfully to the economy. The study investigated on rice farmers’ technical efficiency and le MoreTo avoid the moribund path of most of the earlier implemented agricultural-based interventions in Nigeria. Anchor Borrowers’ program was introduced to contribute meaningfully to the economy. The study investigated on rice farmers’ technical efficiency and level of poverty in Nigeria: Evidence from the Anchor borrower program. Primary data were analyzed using Descriptive analysis, Gini coefficient, Stochastic production Frontier model, Regression analysis, and Vulnerability Index. Evidence from the result revealed that the average yield per hectare of paddy rice for the beneficiaries (70%) majorly was 4500 kg while non-beneficiaries (52%) was 3500kg. The production function showed that the coefficient of regression for herbicides, seed and fertilizer was positively significant at 5% and %, respectively. The factors that influencing technical inefficiency (farm organization, farm size, farm experience and ABP loan) were found to be negatively significant. The logistic regression model estimate revealed that factors influence loan acquisitions of respondents include: (farm organization, extension agent visit, age of household, and farm size) which were positively statistically significant and this is important in explaining ABP credit acquisition access among households. The results of the Gini coefficient also indicated that income inequality was higher in ABP beneficiaries than non-beneficiaries. Vulnerability index results showed that ABP non-beneficiaries were more vulnerable to poverty than beneficiaries. Additionally, the non-beneficiaries have a poorer population than beneficiaries. However, these results indicate that the Anchor borrower program has a positive impact on beneficiaries’ welfare. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Resource-Use Efficiency of Pepper Farmers in Ado-Local Government Area of Ekiti State
Julius Ilesanmi Kayode Akeredolu Adeyose Akinbola Peter Oladoyin Justin IjigbadeThe study investigated resource-use efficiency of pepper production in Ado Local Government area Ekiti State, Nigeria. The study specifically estimates the costs and returns, determines the resource-use efficiency, and identify the main constraints to pepper production MoreThe study investigated resource-use efficiency of pepper production in Ado Local Government area Ekiti State, Nigeria. The study specifically estimates the costs and returns, determines the resource-use efficiency, and identify the main constraints to pepper production in the area. Primary data were used with the aid of a well-designed questionnaire. A two-stage sampling technique was used to randomly select 120 respondents. Descriptive statistics, budgetary technique and multiple regression model were used to analyze the data. The results showed that farmers earned an average net income of ₦100,159 per hectare while the return on investment was estimated to be 1.3. This implies that for every ₦1 invested, the farmer makes N1.30k, confirming the profitable of pepper enterprise in the area. The results of multiple regression revealed that labour, quantity of glove, seed and farm size were the significant factors affecting pepper production in the area. The estimates of resource-use efficiency showed that all the variables in the model were underutilized except variables such as cutlass and quantity of glove which are overutilized. The results further revealed that pest and disease, lack of credit, and inadequate storage facilities were the main constraints to the optimal productivity and profitability in the area. The study recommends the provision of credit facilities, effective pest and disease management strategies, and efficient use of inputs to enhance the productivity and profitability of pepper farming in the area. Therefore, the study is vital by identifying the underlying factors that would improve the sustainability and profitability of pepper production. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Is Off-Farm Work Impacting Productivity-Enhancing Inputs? Evidence from Arable Crop Farmers
Lawrence Oparinde Olaniran Thompson Oluyede Aturamu Adekunle AdetulaThe study examined the impact of off-farm work adoption on productivity-enhancing inputs (fertilizer and herbicide) in Southwest, Nigeria. Treatment effects model which addresses selection bias issue while considering observed and unobserved factors was used in the anal MoreThe study examined the impact of off-farm work adoption on productivity-enhancing inputs (fertilizer and herbicide) in Southwest, Nigeria. Treatment effects model which addresses selection bias issue while considering observed and unobserved factors was used in the analysis of the data collected from sampled respondents. Endogenous Switching Regression (ESR) Model was also employed for the purpose of carrying out a robustness check. Empirical findings from the study showed that years of formal education and membership of cooperative society increased the likelihood of adopting off-farm work. Also, the study confirmed the positive role of extension services in investing in productivity-enhancing inputs as number of extension visits increased level of fertilizer expenditure in the study area. Furthermore, the study clearly showed that off-farm work adoption had direct and significant impact on both fertilizer and herbicide expenditures with the marginal effects of 6.1300 and 3.1023, respectively. Therefore, policies that promote off-farm work adoption should be put in place by all the concerned authorities in the study area. The findings that emanate from this research exercise give valuable supports to the policy architects in coming up with social and agri-environmental policies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Dynamics of Global Agricultural Productivity and Democratic Governance Structure: Implications for Sustainable Food Supply
Job Nmadu Usman Mohammed Yebosoko Nmadu Halima Sallawu Sokoyami Nmadu Mohammed Ndanitsa Ezekiel Yisa Kpotun Baba Taiwo Amos Abigail JirgiGood governance leads to economic growth although most countries of the world lack it. Little attention had been given to isolate the effect of the governance system on agricultural productivity which necessitate this research. This research is a global study on the rel MoreGood governance leads to economic growth although most countries of the world lack it. Little attention had been given to isolate the effect of the governance system on agricultural productivity which necessitate this research. This research is a global study on the relationship between regime type and agricultural productivity drawing data from three main sources. A total of 14 models and scenarios were estimated to isolate the continents and or regime types that could exacerbate or enhance global Total Factor Productivity (TFP). The results indicates that full democracy is practised in about 10% of the countries. TFP is highest in most countries that practice full democracy (FD) while it was lowest in countries under authoritarian regimes. From the results of the estimation of all the models, only agriculture contribution to GDP had about .45% impact on TFP over the period of this data. However, it would appear that changes to TFP is more likely to occur in countries within continents rather than in countries practising similar regime type. In terms of which regime or continent caused the greatest variability; Asia is on top of the continents while authoritarian regimes are on top of the regime type. The study recommends the institution of political reforms in countries operating imperfect democratic regimes to enhance investment in agricultural R&D especially in Africa, Asia and CIS. In addition, countries not practicing FD should work towards improving their TFP by at least 50% of the current level and translate the free resources to other sectors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Investigating the Effectiveness of Farmers' Risk Management Strategies (Case Study: Khuzestan Province)
Ramin Safaveyan Mohsen Mousaei Jahanbakhsh Rahimi BagmalekRisk is an integral part of agriculture. risk management is the process of choosing an appropriate strategy from among different options to reduce risk. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to identify the factors affecting the effectiveness of farmers' risk manag MoreRisk is an integral part of agriculture. risk management is the process of choosing an appropriate strategy from among different options to reduce risk. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to identify the factors affecting the effectiveness of farmers' risk management strategies in Khuzestan province. The research is exploratory in terms of its purpose, in terms of the nature and type of data study of the newly emerging foundation, and in terms of time, it is a survey research. The statistical population of the research consists of professors, managers and leading farmers and experts who had sufficient experience in the field of agriculture. The sample size included 15 experts. The analysis method in the qualitative part is the content analysis method. The research results in the qualitative part identified 10 main factors (individual factors, environmental factors, economic factors, market factors, product insurance, human factors, educational-promotional factors, agricultural characteristics, social factors and political-institutional factors), and 28 dimensions. (Age, education, family size, background, access to credit and financial services, income, savings and investment, price, economic situation of the country, ownership, severe market fluctuations, approximate distance from the garden to the sales center, middlemen, government guaranteed purchase , promotion of agricultural insurance culture, land characteristics, climatic factors, pest and disease, manpower information, education, promotion factors, crop cultivation, social trust, use of indigenous knowledge, social participation, stability of laws and regulations, communication with foreign neighbors, government support). finally led to the identification of 99 effective concepts on the effectiveness of risk management strategies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Factors affecting lead farmers in facilitating conservation agriculture practices in Kalira Extension Planning Area in Ntchisi District, Malawi
Daniel Matemba Dalo NjeraThis study explores the factors influencing Lead Farmers (LFs) in facilitating Conservation Agriculture (CA) practices in Malawi through the Lead Farmer Approach (LFA). LFA involves training individual farmers in smart agricultural practices, making them key agents for MoreThis study explores the factors influencing Lead Farmers (LFs) in facilitating Conservation Agriculture (CA) practices in Malawi through the Lead Farmer Approach (LFA). LFA involves training individual farmers in smart agricultural practices, making them key agents for disseminating new technologies. The research, conducted in the Ntchisi district, employs a mixed-method design combining qualitative and quantitative approaches. The study's methodology involves surveys and focus group discussions with 394 follower farmers and 104 lead farmers. Logistic regression analysis explores factors such as age, gender, education, support from extension agents, time for farming, access to transportation, incentives, and depletion of own resources. Results indicate that access to support from extension agents, access to transportation, and depletion of own resources significantly influence the facilitation of CA practices by LFs. Lack of support or transportation acts as a hindrance, while resource depletion decreases the likelihood of considering LFA a viable approach. The study emphasises the importance of external support, transportation infrastructure, and resource availability in empowering LFs to promote CA effectively. The findings contribute to the understanding of the complex dynamics influencing the success of CA practices facilitated by LFs. The study recommends targeted interventions to enhance LF capacity and suggests further research on gender dynamics in CA facilitation, especially in regions with traditional gender roles. Overall, this research provides valuable insights for government and development agencies working towards sustainable agricultural and rural development in Malawi. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Socio-cultural Drivers of Adaptations and Vulnerability to Climate Change: Lessons from Crop Farmers in Ondo State, Nigeria
Ademola Adegoroye Tolulope Olubunmi-Ajayi Olayinka Oladosu Emmanuel OloruntobaThis study investigated the socio-cultural determinants of climate change adaptation and vulnerability among crop farmers in Ondo State, South-western Nigeria. Using a multi-stage sampling approach and the Delphi method, 150 respondents were selected from the three Sena MoreThis study investigated the socio-cultural determinants of climate change adaptation and vulnerability among crop farmers in Ondo State, South-western Nigeria. Using a multi-stage sampling approach and the Delphi method, 150 respondents were selected from the three Senatorial Zones. Primary data were sourced with the aid of a survey and oral interviews. The collected data were analyzed using the vulnerability index, Ordinal logistic regression, and Heckman probit regression. The findings revealed that the socio-cultural characteristics of respondents contributed to their vulnerability to climate change, as indicated by an average livelihood vulnerability index (LVI) of 0.33. Notably, factors such as water availability and adaptation practices exhibited higher vulnerability indices of 0.49 and 0.42, respectively. The overall LVI and LVI-IPCC averages were 0.35 and 0.02, respectively, highlighting the existence of vulnerability among farming households. The results of ordinal logistic regression revealed that age, marital status, education level, and income from agriculture were statistically significant factors determining the level of vulnerability to climate change in the study area. Consequently, the results of the Heckman two-step regression model revealed that age, marital status, household size, education, religion, belief, family structure, and community teamwork were the significant factors affecting the adaptation and vulnerability to climate change in the area. Policy should be geared towards improving the socio-cultural factors for sustainable livelihoods with an income diversification strategy by the government for crop farmers in order to cushion the effects of low income realized from farming activities in the area. Manuscript profile