Theory of Approximation and Applications: 1 (2)

Open Access Article

1 - On The Perimeter of an Ellipse
A. Ansari

Let E be the ellipse with major and minor radii a and b respectively, and Pbe its perimeter, then P = lim 4 tan(p/n)(a + b + 2)Σa2 cos2 (2k-2)Pi/n+ sin2(2k-2)Pi/n; where n = 2m. So without considering the limit, it gives a reasonable approxi-mation for P, it mea More

Let E be the ellipse with major and minor radii a and b respectively, and Pbe its perimeter, then P = lim 4 tan(p/n)(a + b + 2)Σa2 cos2 (2k-2)Pi/n+ sin2(2k-2)Pi/n; where n = 2m. So without considering the limit, it gives a reasonable approxi-mation for P, it means that we can choose n large enough such that the amountof error be less than any given small number. On the other hand, the formulasatises both limit status b→a and b→0 which give respectively P = 2a andP = 4a. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Redened (anti) fuzzy BM-algebras
A. Borumand-Saeid

In this paper by using the notiαon of anti fuzzy points and its besideness to andnon-quasi-coincidence with a fuzzy set the concepts of an anti fuzzy subalgebrasin BM-algebras are generalized and their inter-relations and related propertiesare investigated.

In this paper by using the notiαon of anti fuzzy points and its besideness to andnon-quasi-coincidence with a fuzzy set the concepts of an anti fuzzy subalgebrasin BM-algebras are generalized and their inter-relations and related propertiesare investigated. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - BMO Space and its relation with wavelet theory
M. Ghanbari

The aim of this paper is a) if Σak2< ∞then Σak rk(x) is inBMO that{rk(x)} is Rademacher system. b) P1k=1 ak!nk (x) 2 BMO; 2k nk < 2k+1that f!n(x)g is Walsh system. c) If jakj < 1k then P1k=1 ak!k(x) 2 BMO.

The aim of this paper is a) if Σak2< ∞then Σak rk(x) is inBMO that{rk(x)} is Rademacher system. b) P1k=1 ak!nk (x) 2 BMO; 2k nk < 2k+1that f!n(x)g is Walsh system. c) If jakj < 1k then P1k=1 ak!k(x) 2 BMO. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Influence of using the strategy of concept maps in learning fractions
M. Haghverdi

This paper is about concept maps and how they can assist in the learning ofconcepts of mathematics. First the paper presents the theoretical backgroundand working denitions for concept maps. Then this study examines the impactof using concept maps in learning of fracti More

This paper is about concept maps and how they can assist in the learning ofconcepts of mathematics. First the paper presents the theoretical backgroundand working denitions for concept maps. Then this study examines the impactof using concept maps in learning of fractions. Results of this study indicatedthat using this strategy was eective in learning of fractions for fourth-gradestudents. This result conrms the eectiveness of the strategy of concept mapsin teaching because it includes activities that link the concepts to help studentsunderstand new concepts and link them to previous ones. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Hybrid model in network DEA
A. Jahanshahloo

Traditional DEA models deal with measurements of relative eciency ofDMUs regarding multiple - inputs VS. multiple-outputs. One of the drawbacksof these model is the neglect of intermediate products or linkong activities. Af-ter pointing out needs for inclusion of them More

Traditional DEA models deal with measurements of relative eciency ofDMUs regarding multiple - inputs VS. multiple-outputs. One of the drawbacksof these model is the neglect of intermediate products or linkong activities. Af-ter pointing out needs for inclusion of them to DEA models. We propose hybridmodel that can deal with intermediate products formally using this model wecan evaluate divisional eciency of decision making units (DMU) and we showthis model with an example. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Input congestion, technical ineciency and output reduction in fuzzy data envelopment analysis
M. khodabakhshi N. Aryavash

During the last years, the concept of input congestion and technical ineff-ciency in data envelopment analysis (DEA), have been investigated by manyresearchers. The motivation of this paper is to present models which obtain thedecreased output value due to input conges More

During the last years, the concept of input congestion and technical ineff-ciency in data envelopment analysis (DEA), have been investigated by manyresearchers. The motivation of this paper is to present models which obtain thedecreased output value due to input congestion and technical ineciency. More-over, we extend the models to estimate input congestion, technical ineciencyand output reduction in fuzzy data envelopment analysis, by using the conceptof α-cut sets. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Some notes concerning the convergence control parameter in homotopy analysis method
M. Paripour J. Saeidian

omotopy analysis method (HAM) is a promising method for handling func-tional equations. Recent publications proved the eectiveness of HAM in solvingwide variety of problems in dierent elds. HAM has a unique property whichmakes it superior to other analytic methods, t More

omotopy analysis method (HAM) is a promising method for handling func-tional equations. Recent publications proved the eectiveness of HAM in solvingwide variety of problems in dierent elds. HAM has a unique property whichmakes it superior to other analytic methods, this property is its ability to con-trol the convergence region of the solution series. In this work, we claried theadvantages and eects of convergence-control parameter through an example. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - A numerical solution of Nagumo telegraph equation by Adomian decomposition method
H. Rouhparvar

In this work, the solution of a boundary value problem is discussed via asemi analytical method. The purpose of the present paper is to inspect theapplication of the Adomian decomposition method for solving the Nagumo tele-graph equation. The numerical solution is obtai More

In this work, the solution of a boundary value problem is discussed via asemi analytical method. The purpose of the present paper is to inspect theapplication of the Adomian decomposition method for solving the Nagumo tele-graph equation. The numerical solution is obtained for some special cases sothat demonstrate the validity of method. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - On the strong convergence theorems by the hybrid method for a family of mappings in uniformly convex Banach spaces
M. Salehi V. Dadashi M. Roohi

Some algorithms for nding common xed point of a family of mappings isconstructed. Indeed, let C be a nonempty closed convex subset of a uniformlyconvex Banach space X whose norm is Gateaux dierentiable and let {Tn} bea family of self-mappings on C such that the set o More

Some algorithms for nding common xed point of a family of mappings isconstructed. Indeed, let C be a nonempty closed convex subset of a uniformlyconvex Banach space X whose norm is Gateaux dierentiable and let {Tn} bea family of self-mappings on C such that the set of all common fixed pointsof {Tn} is nonempty. We construct a sequence {xn} generated by the hybridmethod and also we give the conditions of {Tn} under which {xn}convergesstrongly to a common xed point of {Tn}. Manuscript profile

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