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دسترسی آزاد مقاله
1 - کاربرد پلاسمای سرد اتمسفری و تاثیر آن بر قارچ‌های بیماری‌زای گیاهی
سپیده سادات آقازاده نایینی سمیه فراهانی عباس ناصحیبیمارگر های گیاهی سالانه مسئول بروز خسارات اقتصادی شدید در کشاورزی و محیط زیست در سراسر دنیا هستند. به کارگیـری روش های کنتـرلی منـاسب، مقـرون به صرفـه و عاری از آلودگـی های زیست محیطـی در بیماری های گیاهی به طور مداوم در حال توسعه است. در سال های اخیر استریل کردن عوامل چکیده کاملبیمارگر های گیاهی سالانه مسئول بروز خسارات اقتصادی شدید در کشاورزی و محیط زیست در سراسر دنیا هستند. به کارگیـری روش های کنتـرلی منـاسب، مقـرون به صرفـه و عاری از آلودگـی های زیست محیطـی در بیماری های گیاهی به طور مداوم در حال توسعه است. در سال های اخیر استریل کردن عوامل بیماری زای گیاهی توسط پلاسمای سرد یکی از مهم ترین موضوعات پژوهشی در دنیا محسوب می گردد. پلاسما به گاز یونیزه شده ای اطلاق می شود که همه یا بخش قابل توجهی از اتم های آن یک یا چند الکترون از دست داده و به یون های مثبت تبدیل شده است، نظیر گونه های فعال اکسیژن، رادیکال های آزاد OH و ... ، که با نابود سازی اسید های چرب غیر اشباع و مولکول های پروتئین در غشای سلولی بیمارگر های قارچی منجر به مرگ قارچ و در نتیجه تیمار گیاهان آلوده می گردد. در این مقاله مروری، به تأثیرات پلاسمای سرد اتمسفری بر قارچ های بیماری زای گیاهی و چگونگی عملکرد آن به عنوان یک ابزار کنترلی موثر به منظور جلوگیری از گسترش آلودگی های ناشی از آن پرداخته می شود پرونده مقاله -
دسترسی آزاد مقاله
2 - تعیین میزان غلظت غیرسمی نانوذرات Fe3O4 مغناطیسی بر سلول های بنیادی غشای آمنیوتیک
ندا موسوی نیری مریم ناصرالاسلامینانوذرات پارا مغناطیس اکسید آهن (SPIONs) یک پیشرفت مهم در زمینه فناوری نانو هستند. آنها امکان تجزیه و تحلیل غیر تهاجمی برای ردیابی سلول ها را فراهم می آورند و دارای خواص مفید بسیاری هستند که آنها را نامزد بالقوه برای کاربرد های متعدد در پزشکی ساخته است با این حال، احتما چکیده کاملنانوذرات پارا مغناطیس اکسید آهن (SPIONs) یک پیشرفت مهم در زمینه فناوری نانو هستند. آنها امکان تجزیه و تحلیل غیر تهاجمی برای ردیابی سلول ها را فراهم می آورند و دارای خواص مفید بسیاری هستند که آنها را نامزد بالقوه برای کاربرد های متعدد در پزشکی ساخته است با این حال، احتمال ایجاد سمیت در سلول ها توسط این نانو ذرات گزارش شده است .هدف از این مطالعه یافتن غلظتی از SPION است که منجر به ایجاد استرس اکسیداتیو در سلول ها نشود.برای این منظور برای اولین بار سلول های بنیادی غشای آمنیوتیک با غلظت های مختلف SPION ها انکوبه شدند سپس میزان استرس اکسیداتیو سلولی (ROS)با استفاده از پروب Prohod Rhodamine 123 اندازه گیری شد. نتایج ما نشان می دهد که میزان قابل توجهی از گونه های فعال اکسیژن در سلول ها در محدوده غلظت 0-100 میکروگرم در میلی لیتر از نانو ذرات وجود ندارد. با این حال، در غلظت های بالاتر از 150 میکروگرم در میلی لیتر، تولید گونه های فعال اکسیژن افزایش یافت. با توجه به نتایج ،نانوذرات مورد استفاده در این مطالعه در غلظت ≤ 100 میکروگرم در میلی لیتر برای ردیابی این سلول ها مناسب هستند. پرونده مقاله -
دسترسی آزاد مقاله
3 - Antibacterial effects of green laser in vicinity of silver nanoparticles on methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
Maliheh Ranjbaran Zahra Aghaebrahimi Jamshid Sabaghzadeh zohreh daraeizadeh arash abednezhadMethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a type of staph bacteria that is resistant to most of the available antibiotics. So different methods have been introduced to overcome this great threat to public health. Photoactivated metal nanoparticles have been چکیده کاملMethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a type of staph bacteria that is resistant to most of the available antibiotics. So different methods have been introduced to overcome this great threat to public health. Photoactivated metal nanoparticles have been presented as good alternatives to antibiotics. In this paper, S. aureus ATCC 33591 as reference strains and clinical MRSA bacteria, isolated from wounds of burn patients, was used. After identification of the bacteria and testing its antibiotic susceptibility, the minimum inhibitory concentration test was performed to study the antibacterial effect of Ag-NPs on MRSA. Our results showed that the bacterial colony population of both samples of S. aureus strains was reduced significantly in the presence of Ag-NPs. The antibacterial effect was enhanced by utilizing a green laser. Interestingly, the bacterial growth has completely inhibited after 2 minutes of laser irradiation in the BHI agar medium. Also, in the nutrient agar medium and Müller-Hinton agar medium, significant synergistic bacterial suppression has been observed by combination the antibacterial effects of the laser and the Ag-Nps. پرونده مقاله -
دسترسی آزاد مقاله
4 - تغییرات شاخص‌های جوانه‌زنی و فعالیت سیستم آنتی‌اکسیدانتی بذرهای پنبه (Gossypium hirsutum L.) طی زوال
فرشید قادری‌فر امید سنچولی حمیدرضا صادقی پوربذرها در طی انبارداری زوال یافته و پیر می شوند به طوری که سرعت این فرآیند به دما و رطوبت بذر در طی انبارداری بستگی دارد. این آزمایش به منظور مطالعه فعالیت سیستم آنتی اکسیدانتی در بذرهای پنبه رقم ارمغان در طی زوال صورت گرفت. برای ایجاد سطوح مختلف زوال از آزمون تسریع پیری چکیده کاملبذرها در طی انبارداری زوال یافته و پیر می شوند به طوری که سرعت این فرآیند به دما و رطوبت بذر در طی انبارداری بستگی دارد. این آزمایش به منظور مطالعه فعالیت سیستم آنتی اکسیدانتی در بذرهای پنبه رقم ارمغان در طی زوال صورت گرفت. برای ایجاد سطوح مختلف زوال از آزمون تسریع پیری استفاده شد. بذرهای پنبه به‌مدت 0، 48، 96، 144 و192 ساعت در دمای 43 درجه سانتی گراد و رطوبت نسبی 100 درصد قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد با افزایش دوره زوال هدایت الکتریکی غشاء، پراکسیداسیون لیپید و پراکسید هیدروژن افزایش یافت. افزایش پراکسید هیدروژن همراه با کاهش فعالیت آنزیم کاتالاز و افزایش فعالیت آنزیم پراکسیداز و مقدار اسید آسکوربیک بود که نشاندهنده تاثیر کاهنده دوره زوال بر فعالیت آنزیم کاتالاز نسبت به آنزیم پراکسیداز و اسید آسکوربیک بود. همچنین با افزایش دوره زوال درصد، سرعت و یکنواختی جوانه زنی کاهش یافت. به طور کلی نتایج این تحقیق بیانگر این مطلب است که یکی از دلایل اصلی زوال بذر در بذرهای پنبه، تنش اکسیداتیو ناشی از تجمع گونه های اکسیژن فعال و کاهش کارایی سیستم آنتی اکسیدانتی می باشد. پرونده مقاله -
دسترسی آزاد مقاله
5 - اثرات، مکانیسم ها و کاربردهای بیوتکنولوژی کشاورزی برای اصلاح تنش شوری بر رشد گندم
رحیم ناصریگندم بیشترین کشت را در جهان دارد و غذای اصلی بیش از یک سوم مردم جهان است که حدود 20 درصد کل پروتئین و کالری روزانه را تامین می‌کند. شوری یک تهدید بزرگ برای کشاورزی و در حال حاضر، بیش از 20 درصد از زمین‌های کشاورزی تحت تأثیر شوری بوده که روز به روز در حال گسترش است و تقر چکیده کاملگندم بیشترین کشت را در جهان دارد و غذای اصلی بیش از یک سوم مردم جهان است که حدود 20 درصد کل پروتئین و کالری روزانه را تامین می‌کند. شوری یک تهدید بزرگ برای کشاورزی و در حال حاضر، بیش از 20 درصد از زمین‌های کشاورزی تحت تأثیر شوری بوده که روز به روز در حال گسترش است و تقریباً 954 میلیون هکتار از کل زمین های جهان را تحت تأثیر قرار داده است. تنش شوری با از بین بردن رنگدانه‌های کلروفیل تأثیر نامطلوبی بر فتوسنتز دارد. تحت تنش شوری، بسته‌شدن روزنه منجر به کاهش سرعت فتوسنتزی گیاه می‌شود. تنش شوری باعث ایجاد تعدادی از اثرات منفی از جمله تغییرات فیزیولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی در گندم می‌شود که به صورت کاهش زیست توده گیاهی و در نهایت رشد و عملکرد ظاهر می‌شود. برای درک بهتر رفتار گندم به تنش شوری می‌بایست اقدامات اساسی از جمله استفاده از قارچ‌های میکوریزا، باکتری‌های افزاینده رشد گیاه، پرایمینگ بذر، تکنیک‌های مولکولی و کاربردهای بیوتکنولوژی کشاورزی به منظور بهبود رشد و عملکرد در شرایط تنش شوری در نظر گرفت. در این مقاله، اثرات، مکانیسم‌ها و کاربردهای بیوتکنولوژی کشاورزی برای بهبود رشد و عملکرد گندم در شرایط شوری مورد بحث قرار گرفت. پرونده مقاله -
دسترسی آزاد مقاله
6 - Interactive effects of salicylic acid and cold stress on activities of antioxidant enzymes in Glycyrrhiza glabra L.
نرگس سلطانی دلربا رویا کرمیان مسعود رنجبرBackground & Aim: Glycyrrhiza L. (Fabaceae) consists of perennial herbs grow in sandy soils with hard lightness. Three species of the genus grow in Iran, among them G. glabra L. has the widest distribution. It is well known in English as Licorice and the root extrac چکیده کاملBackground & Aim: Glycyrrhiza L. (Fabaceae) consists of perennial herbs grow in sandy soils with hard lightness. Three species of the genus grow in Iran, among them G. glabra L. has the widest distribution. It is well known in English as Licorice and the root extract includes flavonoids and glycyrrhizin are used widely in medicine, food industry, tobacco products and other industries. Liquiritin and glabridin are the major constituents of flavonoids in its extract, which have quasi estrogenic, ant oxidative, anti-helicobacter, anti-nephritic activities and ROS scavenging.Experimental: In this research, the interactive effects of salicylic acid (SA) with cold stress on some antioxidant enzymes such as peroxidase (PRX) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) were studied by spectrophotometric method in a factorial experiment of completely randomized design with three replications. SA pretreatments were included 10, 50, 100 and 500 µM and three levels of cold stress, 5, 10 and 20h in 4 oC were applied.Results & Discussion: The results showed that cold stress did not affect PPO activity, while SA decreased it. In addition, PRX activity was decreased with increasing cold stress and SA resulted in similar response at this condition. It seems that SA can considerably alleviate oxidative damage that occurred under cold stress condition with direct scavenging of reactive oxygen species. Thus it resulted in decrease activity of antioxidant enzymes. پرونده مقاله -
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7 - Formation of Hydrogen Peroxide by Chilled Goat Spermatozoa and the Effects of Dead Spermatozoa on Motility Characteristics
م. آلومارIn this study, the formation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by chilled goat spermatozoa was measured. Furthermore, the effects of dead spermatozoa on motility characteristics were studied. Fresh collected ejaculates from five Shami bucks were centrifuged and virtually all چکیده کاملIn this study, the formation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by chilled goat spermatozoa was measured. Furthermore, the effects of dead spermatozoa on motility characteristics were studied. Fresh collected ejaculates from five Shami bucks were centrifuged and virtually all seminal plasma was removed. A part of the collected spermatozoa was killed by two ways: the first by repeated freezing in liquid nitrogen and thawing at 37 ˚C in water bath and the second by adding the spermatozoa to double distilled water.Two experiments were conducted after two hours of samples incubation intris-egg yolk (TEY) medium at 5 ˚C. In the first experiment, a fluorometric assay with 10-acetyl-3,7-dihydroxyphenoxazine agent as a probe for H2O2 detection was used to measure H2O2 formation. In the second experiment, the effects of adding 0 (control), 25, 50 and 75 % (V/V) of dead spermatozoa to live ones on sperm motility were assessed using computer-aided sperm analysis (CASA). Hydrogen peroxide was generated from live and dead chilled spermatozoa and the amounts of this agent increased with time. Moreover, clear significant differences (P<0.05) were observed between the generated levels from dead spermatozoa compared to live ones. The dead spermatozoa by repeated freezing-thawing treatment produced the higher H2O2 amount (P<0.05). The values of percent motile spermatozoa (MOT %), percent of progressively motile spermatozoa (PMOT %) and average path velocity (VAP) were significantly (P<0.05) reduced compared to controls when dead spermatozoa were added. The negative effect on the previous CASA parameters was increased when the percentages of dead spermatozoa were increased whatever the way of sperm death was. In conclusion, the high formation of H2O2 from dead chilled goat spermatozoa may be responsible for motility decreased. The removal of dead spermatozoa from incubation medium could help to improve the motility characteristics of chilled goat sperm. پرونده مقاله -
دسترسی آزاد مقاله
8 - Impact of Reactive Oxygen Species on Spermatozoa: ABalancing Act between Beneficial and Detrimental Effects
اس. ساراسوات اس.دی. خرچه اس.کا. جینتاReactive oxygen species (ROS)plays an important role in sperm motility. The physiological generation at low concentration induces beneficial effects on sperm functions and plays a significant role in sperm metabolism. Meanwhile, the excessive generation of reactive oxyg چکیده کاملReactive oxygen species (ROS)plays an important role in sperm motility. The physiological generation at low concentration induces beneficial effects on sperm functions and plays a significant role in sperm metabolism. Meanwhile, the excessive generation of reactive oxygen species can overwhelm protective mechanism and triggers changes in lipid and protein layers of sperm plasma membrane, which induces lipid damage, protein damage, DNA damage, motility impairment and alteration in capacitation and acrosome reaction. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can be measured by variable biomarkers as melondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, individual free radicals, etc. The quantification of free radicalsin livestock semen is also briefly reported. پرونده مقاله -
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9 - Antioxidant enzyme responses and crop yield of wheat under drought stress and re-watering at vegetative growth period.
Mohsen Saeidi Shiva Ardalani Saeid Jalali-Honarmand Mohammad-Eghbal Ghobadi Majid AbdoliDrought induced stress is one of the most significant environmental challenges. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of drought stress on crop yield and antioxidant systems during the vegetative period of wheat. The study was carried out in a greenhouse using چکیده کاملDrought induced stress is one of the most significant environmental challenges. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of drought stress on crop yield and antioxidant systems during the vegetative period of wheat. The study was carried out in a greenhouse using factorial experiment based on complete randomized block design (RCBD) in three replications in Razi University in Iran from 2011 to 2012. In the pot experiment, water stress was applied at vegetative growth stage (soil moisture 50 ± 5% of field capacity from the stemming to flowering periods) and various bread wheat genotypes (‘Pishtaz’, ‘DN-11’, ‘Sivand’, and ‘Marvdasht’) were examined as the second factor. Results showed that drought stress at vegetative growth stage considerably decreased plant height and crop yield. Under drought stress, the lowest and highest reductions in crop yield were noted seen in ‘Marvdasht’ and ‘DN-11’, respectively. The occurrence of drought stress at the vegetative growth stage in the experiment significantly reduced soluble protein content and membrane stability index. While drought stress considerably increased superoxide dismutase (SOD), it had no effect on the catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD). The studied parameters suggested that drought resistance of ‘Pishtaz’ and ‘Marvdasht’ might be due to the enhanced activity of antioxidant enzymes and low lipid peroxidation. Finally, antioxidant enzyme responses were found to provide a beneficial tool for depicting drought tolerance in different wheat genotypes in arid and semiarid regions. پرونده مقاله -
دسترسی آزاد مقاله
10 - Stress response in cyanobacteria
Maryam Rezayian Vahid Niknam Hassan EbrahimzadehCyanobacteria are an important source of natural products. In this article, we briefly review the responses of cyanobacteria to different stresses. Abiotic stresses (temperature, salt, heavy metals, metalloid and ultraviolet (UV) influence cell growth and metabolism in چکیده کاملCyanobacteria are an important source of natural products. In this article, we briefly review the responses of cyanobacteria to different stresses. Abiotic stresses (temperature, salt, heavy metals, metalloid and ultraviolet (UV) influence cell growth and metabolism in cyanobacteria. Salt stress is a major abiotic factor that decreases the growth of cyanobacteria and affects the different processes including photosynthesis, respiration, and metabolism. The basic mechanisms for salinity adaptation include the active extrusion of inorganic ions and the accumulation of compatible solutes such as sucrose, trehalose, glucosyl glycerol, and glycine betaine. Cyanobacteria have a complex antioxidative system including enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants for mitigation of oxidative damage under salt stress. Cyanobacteria have some defense mechanisms for the decline of the direct and indirect destructive effects of UV. These mechanisms include avoidance, scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS), synthesis of UV-absorbing/screening compounds such as mycosporine-like amino acids and scytonemin, repair of UV-induced damage in DNA, and resynthesis of proteins. Metals are involved in key metabolic pathways as redox cofactors in proteins. High concentration of metals causes the generation of ROS and oxidative damage. Thus, the major role of metal homeostasis in maintaining the intracellular concentration of metal within a range compatible with cell viability becomes evident. The biosynthesis of metabolites can be triggered by a number of abiotic stresses because they affect metabolic pathways. پرونده مقاله -
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11 - An Investigation into the Effects of Environmental Stresses on Gene Family Expression in Eucalyptus
Mohammad EsmaeilpourMany RNA-seq studies have analyzed the effects of individual biotic and abiotic stresses on gene expression in Eucalyptus. Until now, RNA-seq data has not been used to investigate the effect of several environmental stresses on the expression of gene families in one stu چکیده کاملMany RNA-seq studies have analyzed the effects of individual biotic and abiotic stresses on gene expression in Eucalyptus. Until now, RNA-seq data has not been used to investigate the effect of several environmental stresses on the expression of gene families in one study in Eucalyptus. We organized an analysis of 18 studies that investigated the effects of various biotic and abiotic stresses on gene expression in Eucalyptus. In this study, six environmental stresses including fungus, high temperature and elevated CO2, drought, potassium deficiency, nitrogen deficiency and phosphor deficiency were used. These stresses fall into four categories including drought, climate change, nutrient deficiency and fungus. We found that the expression of over 341 gene families (protein kinase gene superfamily, Glycoside hydrolase (GH) gene family, ABC transporter gene family, etc.) in a range of Eucalyptus species and hybrids changed after exposure to biotic and abiotic stresses. Among of these gene families, only glycoside hydrolase gene family was found to be differentially expressed in all six of the stresses. The proportion of differentially expressed genes (DEG) that were down relative to up-regulation, was significantly higher in the main biological processes. Many of the gene families that responded to biotic and abiotic stresses encoded products involved in response to stimulus and metabolic process, developmental process, localization and cellular component organization or biogenesis. The results from this work will be used to further characterize the gene regulatory networks underlying stress responsive genes in Eucalyptus. پرونده مقاله -
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12 - The effect of ageing on antioxidant and biochemical changes in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seeds.
Morad ShaaThis research was carried out to study the effect of ageing on antioxidant and biochemical changes of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seeds. The experiment laid out in completely randomized design (CRD) with four replications in Islamic Azad University, Boroujerd Branch, B چکیده کاملThis research was carried out to study the effect of ageing on antioxidant and biochemical changes of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seeds. The experiment laid out in completely randomized design (CRD) with four replications in Islamic Azad University, Boroujerd Branch, Boroujerd, Iran in 2015. The seeds of wheat (cv Sardari) were harvested at maturity and ageing treatments were done at 43° C with 100% relative humidity for 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 days. After ageing treatments enzymatic antioxidants, non-enzymatic antioxidants, and biochemical characteristics were measured. The results showed that ageing treatment decreased germination percentage. However, electrical conductivity, malondialdehyde content, and H2O2 were increased as the ageing progressed. Soluble sugars and proteins were decreased with an increase in ageing levels, but soluble protein in control treatment was less than that in days 1 and 2 of ageing. Non-enzymatic antioxidants such as ascorbic acid and proline increased until days 1 and 2 of ageing treatments, respectively while they decreased afterwards. Moreover, enzymatic antioxidants such as catalase, peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase increased until 1, 2 and 3 days of seed ageing decreasing afterwards. The results of this research showed that increasing of hydrogen peroxide under ageing led to increasing of seeds damage. Also, under ageing treatment, enzymatic antioxidants were more efficient than non-enzymatic antioxidants in removing reactive oxygen species. پرونده مقاله -
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13 - Influence of Defoliate Pathotype of <i>Verticillium dahliae</i> on Some Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics of Chrysanthemum (<i>Dendranthema grandiflorum</i> (Ramat.) Kitam)
seyed Javad Sanei Seyed Esmael RazaviVerticillium dahliae Kleb.is a soilborne pathogen that cause vascular wilt in chrysanthemumplant (Dendranthema grandiflorum (Ramat.) Kitam). The objective of this research was to study the levels of some organic solutes, such as total protein, total soluble sugars, star چکیده کاملVerticillium dahliae Kleb.is a soilborne pathogen that cause vascular wilt in chrysanthemumplant (Dendranthema grandiflorum (Ramat.) Kitam). The objective of this research was to study the levels of some organic solutes, such as total protein, total soluble sugars, starch and proline, relative water content, RNA level, malondialdehyde and H2O2 contents in leaves of chrysanthemuminoculated with V. dahliae. Changes of these parameters were measured on 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 days after inoculation by spectrophotometric analysis. No changes in relative water content, RNA, and protein levels and a slight decrease in chlorophyll level were detected within infected leaf tissue before the appearance of visible wilt. The decrease in relative water content coincided with a sharp build up of proline and total soluble sugars in leaves. The leaf starch and protein levels gradually declined in both healthy and infected plants during the time course of the experiment. However, the decrease was more pronounced in infected plants from the third week after inoculation. A high negative correlation was observed between total soluble sugars and starch contents in leaves of diseased plants (r= 0.764, P<0.001). Changes in malondialdehyde and H2O2 concentration occurred in infected plants between 30-40 days after inoculation, while they did not change in the leaves of control plants. These data suggest the psssible role of senescence during the development of Verticillium wilt syndrome in chrysanthemum. پرونده مقاله -
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14 - Mechanisms of Antioxidant Actions and their Role in many Human Diseases: A Review
Zahraa Kamil Kadhim Lawi Feryal Ameen Merza Shiama Rabeea Banoon Mohammed Abd Ali Jabber Al-Saady Aswan Al-AbboodiAntioxidants are substances that are available in various natural food products, which play a vital role in reducing body cell damage caused by free radical formation. An imbalance between antioxidants and free radicals contributes to an oxidative stress in the human bo چکیده کاملAntioxidants are substances that are available in various natural food products, which play a vital role in reducing body cell damage caused by free radical formation. An imbalance between antioxidants and free radicals contributes to an oxidative stress in the human body. The electron acceptability of O2 produced Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). The imbalance equilibrium between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the purification supports a rise in the ROS levels, which is the key cause of disrupted cellular activity. A recent review of excessively mild antioxidants, processes of movement, and their role in many human illnesses. پرونده مقاله
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