تاثير روش كاشت و كود زيستي و شیمیایی نیتروژن روي عملكرد و اجراء عملكرد آفتابگردان

محورهای موضوعی : توليد محصولات زراعي

مريم پیرمحمدی ¹ (دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد گروه زراعت کشاورزی، واحد خوی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی خوی – ایران )
علی نصرالله زاده اصل ² (گروه کشاورزی-دانشکده کشاورزی-دانشگاه ازاد اسلامی خوی)

تاریخ دریافت : 1393/07/30 تاریخ پذیرش : 1393/10/25 تاریخ انتشار : 1393/04/26

کلید واژه: : روش کاشت, عملکرد, کود زیستی, وزن صد دانه,

چکیده مقاله :

در راستای کاهش مصرف کودهای شیمیایی و جلوگیری از آلودگی محیط زیست، آزمایشی با استفاده از کود زیستی نیتروکسین و روش کاشت روی عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد آفتابگردان انجام گرفت. آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک¬های کامل تصادفی با دو فاکتور و سه تکرار در سال 1393 در شهرستان چایپاره اجرا شد. فاکتور اول روش کاشت در دوسطح (کرتی و جوی پشته¬ای) و فاکتور دوم کود نیتروژنه در شش سطح (شاهد، کود زیستی زیستی نیتروکسین، کود زیستی زیستی نیتروکسین همراه با 50 کیلوگرم کود شیمیایی اوره، کود زیستی نیتروکسین همراه با 100 کیلوگرم کود شیمیایی اوره، کود زیستی نیتروکسین همراه با 150 کیلوگرم کود شیمیایی اوره ، 200 کیلوگرم کود شیمیایی اوره) در نظر گرفته شد. نتایج نشان داد که تأثیر کود نیتروژنه روی ارتفاع بوته، قطر ساقه، قطر طبق، وزن صد دانه، تعداد دانه در طبق و عملكرد دانه معنی دار بود. بیشترین عملکرد دانه در تیمارهای استفاده کامل از کود شیمیایی اوره و استفاده از کود زیستی نیتروکسین همراه با 150کیلو گرم کود شیمیایی اوره مشاهده شد و این دو تیمار از نظر عملکرد دانه در یک گروه آماری قرار گرفتند که جهت کاهش مصرف کود شیمیایی و حفظ محیط زیست تیمار کود زیستی نیتروکسین همراه با 150کیلو گرم کود شیمیایی اوره توصیه می شود که در اثر آن 25 درصد در مصرف کود شیمیایی اوره صرفه جویی می گردد. تاثیر روش کاشت به جز ارتفاع بوته، بر قطر ساقه، قطر طبق، وزن صد دانه، تعداد دانه در طبق و عملكرد دانه معنی دار بود. بیشترین عملکرد دانه به میزان 08/599 گرم در متر مربع در حالت روش کاشت جوی پشته¬ای مشاهده شد.درحالت کشت جوی پشته نسبت به کرتی، گیاه با کارایی بیشتری از منابع محیطی استفاده می کند، و عملکرد دانه در کشت جوی پشته نسبت به کرتی حدود 20 درصد افزایش یافت.

چکیده انگلیسی:

In the direction of chemical fertilizer reduction and avoidance of environmental pollution, an experiment was carried out, using the nitroxin biofertilizer and refining the planting methods, on the sunflower yield components. It was done in factorial complete random blocks with two factors and three replications in Chaypareh, in 1393. The first planting method included two levels ( plot and mound stream ), the second one with nitrogen fertilizer in six levels ( control, biofertilizer of bionitroxin together with 50 kg of urea chemical fertilizer; nitroxin biofertilizer with 150 kg urea, and 200 kg urea chemical fertilizer. The results showed that the nitrogen fertilizer had significant impact on the height of stalk, diameter of bush and anthodium, 100-grain weight, number of seeds on the plate, and seed yield. The highest seed yield was seen in complete use of urea fertilizer treatments and nitrogen biofertilizer with 150 kg urea chemical fertilizer. These two treatments, in seed yield, were in one statistical group which are recommended for the reduction of chemical fertilizer and environment preservation by which %25 of urea fertilizer consumption is reduced. The effect of planting method was also meaningful to the brush height, plate and stalk diameter, 100-seed weight, the number of seeds on the plate, and seed yield. The highest seed yield was seen as 599.08 kg per square meter by planting on stream mound method. In this case, plant uses the natural resources efficiently and the seed yield is increased by %20 in mound planting method.

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