تاثير روش كاشت و كود زيستي و شیمیایی نیتروژن روي عملكرد و اجراء عملكرد آفتابگردان

محورهای موضوعی : توليد محصولات زراعي

مريم پیرمحمدی ¹ , علی نصرالله زاده اصل ²

1 - دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد گروه زراعت کشاورزی، واحد خوی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی خوی – ایران
2 - گروه کشاورزی-دانشکده کشاورزی-دانشگاه ازاد اسلامی خوی

تاریخ دریافت : 1393/07/30 تاریخ پذیرش : 1393/10/25 تاریخ انتشار : 1393/04/26

کلید واژه: : روش کاشت, عملکرد, کود زیستی, وزن صد دانه,

چکیده مقاله :

در راستای کاهش مصرف کودهای شیمیایی و جلوگیری از آلودگی محیط زیست، آزمایشی با استفاده از کود زیستی نیتروکسین و روش کاشت روی عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد آفتابگردان انجام گرفت. آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک¬های کامل تصادفی با دو فاکتور و سه تکرار در سال 1393 در شهرستان چایپاره اجرا شد. فاکتور اول روش کاشت در دوسطح (کرتی و جوی پشته¬ای) و فاکتور دوم کود نیتروژنه در شش سطح (شاهد، کود زیستی زیستی نیتروکسین، کود زیستی زیستی نیتروکسین همراه با 50 کیلوگرم کود شیمیایی اوره، کود زیستی نیتروکسین همراه با 100 کیلوگرم کود شیمیایی اوره، کود زیستی نیتروکسین همراه با 150 کیلوگرم کود شیمیایی اوره ، 200 کیلوگرم کود شیمیایی اوره) در نظر گرفته شد. نتایج نشان داد که تأثیر کود نیتروژنه روی ارتفاع بوته، قطر ساقه، قطر طبق، وزن صد دانه، تعداد دانه در طبق و عملكرد دانه معنی دار بود. بیشترین عملکرد دانه در تیمارهای استفاده کامل از کود شیمیایی اوره و استفاده از کود زیستی نیتروکسین همراه با 150کیلو گرم کود شیمیایی اوره مشاهده شد و این دو تیمار از نظر عملکرد دانه در یک گروه آماری قرار گرفتند که جهت کاهش مصرف کود شیمیایی و حفظ محیط زیست تیمار کود زیستی نیتروکسین همراه با 150کیلو گرم کود شیمیایی اوره توصیه می شود که در اثر آن 25 درصد در مصرف کود شیمیایی اوره صرفه جویی می گردد. تاثیر روش کاشت به جز ارتفاع بوته، بر قطر ساقه، قطر طبق، وزن صد دانه، تعداد دانه در طبق و عملكرد دانه معنی دار بود. بیشترین عملکرد دانه به میزان 08/599 گرم در متر مربع در حالت روش کاشت جوی پشته¬ای مشاهده شد.درحالت کشت جوی پشته نسبت به کرتی، گیاه با کارایی بیشتری از منابع محیطی استفاده می کند، و عملکرد دانه در کشت جوی پشته نسبت به کرتی حدود 20 درصد افزایش یافت.

چکیده انگلیسی:

In the direction of chemical fertilizer reduction and avoidance of environmental pollution, an experiment was carried out, using the nitroxin biofertilizer and refining the planting methods, on the sunflower yield components. It was done in factorial complete random blocks with two factors and three replications in Chaypareh, in 1393. The first planting method included two levels ( plot and mound stream ), the second one with nitrogen fertilizer in six levels ( control, biofertilizer of bionitroxin together with 50 kg of urea chemical fertilizer; nitroxin biofertilizer with 150 kg urea, and 200 kg urea chemical fertilizer. The results showed that the nitrogen fertilizer had significant impact on the height of stalk, diameter of bush and anthodium, 100-grain weight, number of seeds on the plate, and seed yield. The highest seed yield was seen in complete use of urea fertilizer treatments and nitrogen biofertilizer with 150 kg urea chemical fertilizer. These two treatments, in seed yield, were in one statistical group which are recommended for the reduction of chemical fertilizer and environment preservation by which %25 of urea fertilizer consumption is reduced. The effect of planting method was also meaningful to the brush height, plate and stalk diameter, 100-seed weight, the number of seeds on the plate, and seed yield. The highest seed yield was seen as 599.08 kg per square meter by planting on stream mound method. In this case, plant uses the natural resources efficiently and the seed yield is increased by %20 in mound planting method.

منابع و مأخذ:

 Alyari, H., F. Shekari, 1999. Oil seeds, Agriculture and physiology, Amidi publications. Tabriz. 182 pages.
 Ajimoddin, I., M. Vasundhara, D. Radhakrishna, S. L. Biradar, and G. Rao. 2005. Integrated nutrient management studies in sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum) Indian Perfume 49:95-101.
 Akasheh, O. Z., and A. M. Abu-Awwad. 1997. Irrigation and soil surface management in arid soils with surface crust. Journal Arid Environment. 37: 243–250.
 Akintoye, H. A., E. O. Lucas, and J. G, Kliny. 1999. Grain yield components of single, double and synthetic maize lines grown at four nitrogen levels in three ecological zones of west Africa. Tropical Agriculture. 76: 51-56
 Ardekani, M.R., AS. Rahmati, J. Daneshian, and M.Valizadeh. 2006. The effect of density on yield and yield components of hybrid sunflower. Abstracts of the Congress of Crop Sciences, Tehran University, Abooreyhan, page9.
 Aquino, P. 1998. The adoption of bed planting of wheat in the yaqui Valley, Sonora, Mexico. Wheat special Report No. 17a. Mexico, Df. CYMMYT.
 Babaei,A., C. Daneshian, A.Hamidi, H.H, D.H.Cheapness.2008.The effect Additive bacterial growthon the characteristics of sunflower seed From low water. Journal of Biological Sciences, No. 1,pages17-28.
 Bakker, D. M., G. J. Hamilton, D. J. Joulbrooke, and C. Spamn. 2005. The effect of raised beds on soil structure, water logging, and productivity on duplex soils in Western Australia. Australian Journal of Soil Research. 43:575-585.
 Bashan, Y., G. Holguin, and L. E. Bashan. 2004. Azospirillum- plant relationships: Physiological, molecular, agricultural and environmental advances. Canadian Journal Microbial, 50: 521-577.
 Chobferosh khoie, B. 2011. Effect of biofertilizers on yield and yield components of sunflower in Khoy region.M. Sc. Thesis of Agronomy, Islamic Azad University, Khoy Branch. 96Pp.
 Esmaeil, Y. and A. M. Patwardhan. 2006. Physiological analysis of the growth and development of canola (Brassica nupus L.) under different chemical fertilizer application. Asian Journal of Plant Science, 5: 745-752.
 Fahong, W., W. Xuging, and K. Sayre. 2004. Comparison of conventional flood irrigated flat planting with furrow irrigated raised bed planting for winter wheat in china. Field Crops Research. 87: 35-42.
 Ghaffari, D. and C. Daneshian. 2004. the Reaction Azargol in the different planting pattern in the khoy area. Abstracts of the Eighth Congress of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Guilan
 Gholami, A., S. Shahsavani, and S. Nezarat. 2009. The effect of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on germination, seedling growth and yield of maize. International Journal of Biological and Life Science, 1-10.
 Griffith ,D. R., S. D. Parsons, and J. V.Mannering. 1990. Mechanics and adaptability of ridge-planting for corn and soy been. Soil and Tillage Research. 18:113-126.
 Imani, M. F. 2012. Effects of fall planting and cultivation methods on yield and yield components Varamin spinach. Journal Seed and Plant. 4: 449- 457.
 Khajehpour, M.R. 2004.
 Magdi ,R. and Z. khademi. 1999. Effect of placement of potassium and phosphorus fertilizer corn yield. International symposium on balanced fertilization and crop response to potassium .soil and water Res. Ins. International potash Ins.ivIay 15-13 ,Tehran,Iran ,Pp.3-5
 Moallem. H. ., and H. Eshghizadeh. 2007. the application of biological
fertilizers: advantages and limitations. abstracts of the National Conference the second. Iran's ecology. Gorghan. Page 4.
 Mohammadvarzi, R., D. Habibi, SA. Vazan, AS. Pazky. 2010. Evaluation the Effect of growth stimulants and nitrogen fertilizer on the quality of
sunflower seeds. Ecophysiology of crop plants. 3: 160-150
 Poonia, K. L., 2000. Effect of plating geometry, nitrogen and sulfur on growth and yield of sunflower. J. Eco-physiology. 3:59-71.
 Rahmati, A S., M.Yarnya, M. R. Ardekani, J. Daneshian and M.Valizadeh. 2006. Evaluation of source and reservoir tank and the density of the two hybrid sunflower. Abstracts of Crop Sciences Congress of Iran, Tehran University. Abooreyhan, page375.
 Rana, M. A., M. Arshad and J. Masud. 2006. Effect of Basin, Furrow and Raingun Sprinkler Irrigation Systems on Irrigation Efficiencies, Nitrate-Nitrogen Leaching and Yield of Sunflower. Pakistan Journal of Water Resources, 10: 1-7.
 Rosety, D., R. Gaur, and B. N. Juhri. 2006. Plant growth stage, fertilizer management and bio-inoculation of arbascular mycorrizal fungi and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria affect rhizobacteria community structure in rain-fed wheat field. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 38: 1111-1120.
 Sajedi,N. AS., H. Madani, Mirzakhani, M. 2011. Effect of organicfertilizers and chemical sources of nitrogen and phosphorus onyield and oil contentin sunflower crops. Journalof Agricultural newfindings. No. 4:377-387.
 SajjadiNick, R., AS. Yadavi, H. Baluchi, and H. Faraji. 2010. The effect of chemical fertilizers, organic and bio-based perform anceand quality sesame.Pages 66-69
 Sedaghat, M., J. Razmjo and Y. emami. 2012.The effect of the amount
and the mode of application of nitrogen fertilizerat different growth stageson the Yield components of sunflower. Production of horticultural crops and agronomy, second year ,sixth issue, pages37-48.
 Shakeri, A. M., Dehgi, S. AS. Tabatabai, S secondaryschool. 2011.The effects of biological and chemical fertilizer, onyield and yield components, oil percentage the variety sesame Protein. the Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Center of Yazd.72pages.
 Spaepen, S. and S. Dobbelaere. 2008. Effects of Azospirillum brasilense indole-3-acetic acidproduction on inoculated weat plants. Plant and Soil, 312: 15-23.
 Wu, S. C., Z. H. Cao, Z. G. Li, K. C. Cheung, and M. H. Wong. 2005. Effects of biofertilizers containing N-fixer, P and K solubilizer and AM fungi on maize growth: a greenhouse trail. Geoderma, 125: 155-166.
 Yosefpour, Z., AS. R. Yadavi. 2014. The effect of biological and chemical
fertilizers nitrogen and phosphorus on yield The quality and quantity of
sunflower. Journal of agricultural science and sustainable production.
1:96-112 pages.
 Zahir A. Z., M. Arshad, and W. F. Frankenberger. 2004. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria: Applications and perspectives in agriculture. Advances in Agronomy, 81: 97-168.