ارزیابی ﺗﻮاﻧﻤﻨﺪﺳﺎزی بافت‌های فرسودۀ ﻏﯿﺮرﺳﻤﯽ در سکونتگاه‌های شهری (مورد مطالعه: شهر ﺗﺒﺮﯾﺰ- ﻣﺤﻠﻪ اﯾﭙﮑﭽﯿﻠﺮ)
محورهای موضوعی : برنامه ریزی شهری
مهدی محمدی سرین دیزج
1
*
,
مجید اکبری
2
1 - استادیار گروه جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران
2 - دکترای جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران
کلید واژه: ﺗﻮاﻧﻤﻨﺪﺳﺎزی, اﺳﮑﺎن ﻏﯿﺮرﺳﻤﯽ, بافت فرسوده, شهر تبریز, محله ایپکچیلر,
چکیده مقاله :
رﺷﺪ ﺳﺮﯾﻊ ﺷﻬﺮﻧﺸﯿﻨﯽ ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ ناﺗﻮانی در ﭘﺬﯾﺮش ﻣﻌﻘﻮل ﻣﺤﺪوده ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﯽ، ﺟﺮﯾﺎن سکونت را ﺑﻪ ﺣﺎﺷﯿﻪ ﺷﻬﺮ ﻫﺪاﯾﺖ ﮐﺮده و ﺑﺎﻋﺚ شکل‌گیری اسکان ﻏﯿﺮﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﯽ می‌گردد. از اﯾﻦ رو اﺳﮑﺎن ﻏﯿﺮرﺳﻤﯽ مسئله‌ای ﮔﺬرا ﺑﺎ اﺑﻌﺎد ﻣﺤﺪود ﻧﺒﻮده و ﺗﻮاﻓﻘﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺑﻘﺎ، ﺑﺎزﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ و ﺑﺴﻂ آن وﺟﻮد دارد ﮐﻪ ﺣﺎﮐﯽ از بی‌کفایتی سیاست‌های ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪی ﺷﻬﺮی ﻣﺘﺪاول اﺳﺖ و رﻫﯿﺎﻓﺖﻫﺎ و اﻗﺪاﻣﺎت ﻧﻮﯾﻨﯽ را ﻣﯽﻃﻠﺒﺪ. بر این مبنا، الگوی توانمندسازی برآن است تا با مشارکت و اعتمادآفرینی و بکارگیری شیوه های ﻧﻮﺳﺎزی و ﺑﻬﺴﺎزی ﺷﻬﺮی، اﯾﺠﺎد زﯾﺮﺑﻨﺎی ﺳﺎﻟﻢ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدی و ﺑﺮﻃﺮف ﮐﺮدن ﻓﻘﺮ ﻣﺎدی در سایه ﻫﻤﮑﺎری و ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ ذی نفعان، بهبودی لازم را در این سکونتگاهها حاصل نماید. این پژوهش از نوع توصیفی- تحلیلی با هدف کابردی که اطلاعات به صورت میدانی و با استفاده از پرسشنامۀ محقق‌ساخته به دست آمده است. جامعۀ آماری، ساکنان محله ایپکچیلر در شهر تبریز بوده و حجم نمونه بر اساس فرمول کوکران ۲۳۲ نفر برآورد گردید. برای تحلیل متغیرها و شاخص‌ها از واریانس یک‌طرفۀ آنوا، آزمون T تک نمونه‌ای، ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﭘﯿﺮﺳﻮن و تحلیل رگرسیون استفاده شد. برای سنجش متغیرها در پرسشنامه، از طیف لیکرت پنج سطحی استفاده شده است. یافته‌ها ﺑﯿﺎﻧﮕﺮ آن اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ در ﺑﯿﻦ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎی ﺗﻮاﻧﻤﻨﺪﺳﺎزی، ﻫﯿﭻﮐﺪام ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ از ﺣﺪ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ 3 در ﻃﯿﻒ ﻟﯿﮑﺮت نشان نمی‌دهند. ﺑﻪ ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﯽ ﻣﺤﻠﻪ اﯾﭙﮑﭽﯿﻠﺮ در ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﮐﺎﻟﺒﺪی و دﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ(16/2)، اﻗﺘﺼﺎدی(63/2)، اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ و ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ(95/2)، ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﺪﻫﯽ و ﺗﻮاﻧﻤﻨﺪﺳﺎزی(96/2) و ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎی ﻧﻬﺎدی و ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺘﯽ(22/2) را ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آورد. نتیجه حاکی از آن است که سازوکار فعلی جهت برنامه‌ریزی این محلۀ فرودست و غیررسمی در ابعاد فوق، برای بهبود فضای شهری جهت زندگی ساکنان ناموفق و ناکام نشان می‌دهد لذا برای افزایش مشارکت شهروندان و تحقق عملی راهبرد توانمندسازی لازم است که مسئولان شهری زمینۀ بالای مشارکت شهروندان را فراهم نمایند که در این حالت اجرای راهبرد ﺗﻮاﻧﻤﻨﺪﺳﺎزی ﺑﻪ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎرﻫﺎ و ﻧﻬﺎدﻫﺎی ﻣﻮرد ﻧﯿﺎز در زﻣﯿﻨﻪ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدی، اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ و ﮐﺎﻟﺒﺪی در ﻣﺤﻠﻪ اﯾﭙﮑﭽﯿﻠﺮ می‌انجامد.
The rapid growth of urbanization, due to the inability to accept reasonable legal limits, has led the flow of residence to the edge of the city and causes the formation of illegal settlements. Therefore, informal settlement is not a temporary issue with limited dimensions and there is an agreement on its survival, reproduction and expansion which is a sign of the inadequacy of the current urban development policies and it requires new approaches and measures. Based on this, the empowerment model aims to achieve the necessary improvement in these settlements with the participation and trust-building and the use of urban renovation and improvement methods, the creation of a sound economic infrastructure and the elimination of material poverty in the shade of the cooperation and participation of the beneficiaries. This research is of a descriptive-analytical type with an applied purpose, and the information was obtained in the field using a researcher-made questionnaire. The statistical population was the residents of Ipekchiler neighborhood in Tabriz city and the sample size was estimated to be 232 people based on Cochran's formula. One-way ANOVA, one-sample T-test, Pearson's correlation coefficient and regression analysis were used to analyze the variables and indicators. To measure the variables in the questionnaire, a five-level Likert scale was used. The findings show that among the empowerment indicators, none of them are higher than the average limit of 3 in the Likert scale. the neighborhood of Ipkechilar In terms of physical and access (2/16), economic (2/63), social participation (2/95), empowerment (2.96) and management indices (2/22), it obtained. The result indicates that the current mechanism for planning this inferior and informal neighborhood in the above dimensions, to improve the urban space for the life of the residents, shows to be unsuccessful and ineffective. Therefore, in order to increase citizens' participation and the practical realization of the empowerment strategy, it is necessary for city officials to provide a high ground for citizens' participation In this case, the implementation of the empowerment strategy leads to the improvement of the needed structures and institutions in the economic, social, and physical fields in the neighborhood of Ipakechilar.
Extended Abstract
Introduction
The rapid growth of urbanization has led the flow of settlement to the edge of the city due to the inability to accept reasonable legal boundaries and it causes the formation of illegal settlements. Therefore, marginalization or informal settlement is not a temporary issue with limited dimensions and there is an agreement on its survival, reproduction and expansion which is a sign of the inefficiency of the current urban development policies and it requires new approaches and actions and it requires a new design beyond the limitations and formal or informal agreements of the current structures. Today, the revival of worn-out structures, especially in big cities, is one of the complicated categories in planning, which has always attracted the attention of managers, experts and people; Based on this, the model of empowerment is based on it In order to achieve the necessary improvement in these settlements with the participation and trust building and the use of urban renewal and improvement methods, creating a healthy economic infrastructure and eliminating material poverty in the shadow of the cooperation and participation of the beneficiaries. Empowerment means expanding the assets and capabilities of poor people in order to participate, negotiate, influence, control and maintain accountable institutions. which affect their lives In other words, it is strengthening the ability of disadvantaged groups to use formal processes and structures in order to access resources, services and opportunities. Informal settlement in Iran has become a serious problem in big cities, including the metropolis of Tabriz, due to the rapid and premature urbanization process after the land reforms. One of the areas that was formed in this city as a result of the above process Ipekchilar neighborhood is in region 4.
Methodology
This research is of a descriptive-analytical type with an applied purpose, and the information was obtained in the field using a researcher-made questionnaire. The statistical population was the residents of Ipekchiler neighborhood in Tabriz city And the sample size was estimated to be 232 people based on Cochran's formula. One-way ANOVA, one-sample T-test, Pearson's correlation coefficient and regression analysis were used to analyze the variables and indices. A five-level Likert scale was used to measure the variables in the questionnaire.
Results and discussion
The findings show that among the empowerment indicators, none of them are higher than the average limit of 3 in the Likert scale. In other words, the neighborhood of Ipkechilar in physical index and access(2,16), economic(2,63), social and social participation(2,95), organization and empowerment(2,96) and institutional and management indices(2,22) particle for direct object got it. Successful efforts to empower poor people increase their freedom of choice and action in different contexts. Access to information, participation and inclusion, responsiveness and local organizational capacity are the four common elements of the empowerment approach. In order to answer the first research question, it is necessary to analyze the physical and access, economic and social indicators completely.
Looking at the physical and accessibility indicators, it is observed that all the physical and accessibility questions are at an average or very low level. This means that permeability and accessibility in the neighborhood are difficult and residents are dissatisfied with the quality and access to physical services at the neighborhood level.
Social indicators and social participation: The dilapidated textures of Tabriz city (part of which is located in the area of informal settlements) have different capacities, including the homogeneity of the residents in terms of social and cultural aspects; Having a spirit of participation and cooperation among residents to improve the quality of life and empower and improve their residence; The existence of talented people in different professions, the possibility of benefiting from local labor in different sectors in order to improve the quality and physicality of the fabric, as well as limitations such as the weakness of social security in the fabric, especially at night; The relocation of the old residents of Baft to other places and the replacement of low-income immigrants with low social classes and their lack of sense of belonging to Baft. The results indicate that the neighborhood under study is currently in an unfavorable situation in terms of empowerment and participation and it is necessary to increase citizens' participation in empowerment that city officials provide the ground for citizens' participation. It was also found that the implementation of the empowerment of informal housing It can lead to the improvement of the needed structures and institutions in the economic, social and physical fields in Ipakchilar area.
Conclusion
The result indicates that the current mechanism for planning this inferior and informal neighborhood in the above dimensions, to improve the urban space for the life of the residents, shows to be unsuccessful and ineffective. Therefore, in order to increase citizens' participation and the practical realization of the empowerment strategy, it is necessary for city officials to provide a high ground for citizens' participation In this case, the implementation of the empowerment strategy leads to the improvement of the needed structures and institutions in the economic, social, and physical fields in the neighborhood of Ipakchilar.
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