بررسی تأثیر و ارتباط دلبستگی به مکان و هویت مکانی در افراد بومی و غیر بومی در سه مقیاس: شهر، محله و خانه
محورهای موضوعی : برنامه ریزی شهری
یعقوب پیوسته گر
1
(دانشیار گروه معماری و شهرسازی، واحد یاسوج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، یاسوج، ایران)
زهرا اکبری
2
(کارشناسی ارشد معماری، واحد یاسوج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، یاسوج، ایران)
کلید واژه: بومی, طول مدت اقامت, هویت مکان, دلبستگی مکان, مهاجران,
چکیده مقاله :
دلبستگی مکانی، نوعی پیوند عاطفی است که مردم با مکان های خاص برقرارمی کنند که ترجیح می دهند در آن بمانند و در ان احساس امنیت و آرامش می کنند. با این حال، هویت مکانی،به عنوان جزیی از هویت شخصی تعریف شده و فرایندی ست که توسط آن مردم از طریق تعامل با مکان ها خود را به لحاظ تعلق به مکانی خاص توصیف می کنند. بسیاری از تحقیقات، ارتباط مثبتی را بین این متغیرها در جمعیت هایی که تعاملات مداومی را در مدت زمان طولانی حفظ کرده اند، مشاهده کرده اند. این مقاله مطالعه ای را ارائه خواهد کرد که در آن ها ما به مقایسۀ دلبستگی مکان و هویت مکان در نمونه هایی پرداخته ایم که بر اساس مکان تولد و طول اقامت و اندازۀ این پیوندها با مکان های مختلف متفاوت می باشند. با وجود این واقعیت که شدت دلبستگی و هویت که با محل بنا شده فرضا تحت تاثیر اندازه محیط قرار دارد. به منظور کشف تفاوت های رابطه بین این دو پیوستگی و اندازه ی محیط، ما یک مطالعه در محله ها و شهرها و خانه ها انجام داده ایم. نتایج مطالعه تفاوت های ممکن در دلبستگی مکان و هویت مکان بین ساکنانی که در شهر به دنیا آمدن و ساکنانی که در اصل از شهرهای دیگر هستند را نشان می دهد. همچنین اینکه هویت و دلبستگی مکان برای بومی ها همزمان می باشد در حالیکه افراد مکان های دیگر نمرۀ بالاتری را برای دلبستگی بجای هویت در نظر میگیرند. نمونه ها شامل 208 نفر ( 54.8% بومی و 45.2% از دیگر شهرها ) . نتایج مطالعه ما را قادر می سازد تا در نظر بگیریم که دلبستگی مکانی قبل از هویت مکانی، توسعه میابد و پیوند با خانه قویتر از پیوند با محله می باشد اما دلبستگی و هویت با شهر قوی تر از هرکدام از آنها می باشد. که سطح بیشتری از دلبستگی و هویت در شهر وجود دارد تا در خانه و کمتر در محله.
Spatial attachment is an emotional connection that people make with certain places that they prefer to stay in and feel safe and secure in. Spatial identity, however, is defined as part of personal identity and is the process by which people describe themselves as belonging to a particular place through interaction with places. Many studies have found a positive association between these variables in populations that have maintained continuous interactions over a long period of time. This article will present a study in which we have compared place attachment and place identity in samples that differ from place to place based on place of birth and length of stay and the size of these links. Despite the fact that the intensity of attachment and identity that is built with the place is hypothetically affected by the size of the environment. In order to explore the differences between the two associations and the size of the environment, we conducted a study in neighborhoods, cities, and homes. The results of the study show possible differences in place attachment and place identity between residents who were born in the city and residents who are originally from other cities. Also, the identity and attachment of the place are the same for the natives, while the people of other places give a higher score for the attachment instead of the identity. The sample includes 208 people (54.8% native and 45.2% from other cities). The results of the study enable us to consider that spatial attachment develops before spatial identity, and the connection to the house is stronger than the connection to the neighborhood, but the attachment and identity to the city is stronger than either. There is a higher level of attachment and identity in the city than at home and less in the neighborhood.Extended AbstractIntroduction: Spatial attachment is an emotional connection that people make with certain places that they prefer to stay in and feel safe and secure in. Spatial identity, however, is defined as part of personal identity and is the process by which people describe themselves as belonging to a particular place through interaction with places. Many studies have found a positive association between these variables in populations that have maintained continuous interactions over a long period of time. This article will present a study in which we have compared place attachment and place identity in samples that differ from place to place based on place of birth and length of stay and the size of these links. Despite the fact that the intensity of attachment and identity that is built with the place is hypothetically affected by the size of the environment. In order to explore the differences between the two associations and the size of the environment, we conducted a study in neighborhoods, cities, and homes.Methodology: To examine the primary purpose of the study in general to compare between indigenous and non-indigenous in identity characteristics in three scales of place (home, neighborhood, city) and characteristics of attachment to place in three scales of place (home, neighborhood, city) using From the variance model f of SPSS software, the comparison of means is investigated. Then, in the secondary purpose of the research, the effect of each of the place scales (house, neighborhood, city) on the place identity index and attachment to the place and also the effect of the total place identity index on place attachment by determining the coefficient of each Features of AMOS software will also be discussed. Data collection was done through a questionnaire. The interviews conducted were semi-structured and semi-organized, the main means of inferring information, although the observer of the participant was also used. The statistical population in this study used 250 families who migrated to Shiraz from other cities for various reasons and stayed in this city for different periods of time. The selection of participants with different years of residence helped us to assess the extent of the change in attachment to the environment and their respective spatial identities during the transition during these courses. The questions were formulated in the form of a questionnaire based on key topics and characteristics of attachment to place, spatial identity and transfer process. They gave the supplier. However, there were specific key questions in each set of interviews, allowing for deductive ease. The interviews were one-on-one and then SPSS and AMOS software were used for statistical analysis. According to the answers given for each person, according to the content of the questionnaire, the degree of attachment and identity of the place were examined.Results and discussion: In evaluating the impact of different scales of house, neighborhood and city on identity among natives and non-natives, we concluded that the highest level of identity among natives compared to the city, then home and finally the least impact on neighborhood and the highest level of identity Mandi in non-natives also had a house relative to the city, then a house and finally to a neighborhood, but as a result of the research, the neighborhood identity in natives is higher than non-natives and also in a native city is higher than non-natives. Its impact on non-natives is greater than that of natives. In evaluating the impact of different scales of home, neighborhood and city on attachment among natives and non-natives, we concluded that the highest degree of attachment among natives to the house, then the neighborhood and finally the least impact on the city and the highest degree of attachment to non-natives. To the house, then the city and finally to the neighborhood, but as a result of research, the degree of attachment of the neighborhood in the natives is higher than non-natives and also in the house of the natives is higher than non-natives, but the identity of the city is more effective in non-natives Is from the natives.In examining the relationship between attachment and identity in both indigenous and non-indigenous cases, it reports a high degree of correlation and the standard values in the research results, reaching the desirability, indicate that the research is standard and the errors are minimal.Conclusion:As belonging to a place grows, people begin to define themselves by place on three scales, on a larger scale such as country or nationality, region, province, city, and on a smaller scale city components such as district, neighborhood, and smaller scale. Workplace, home, room. Neighborhood and communication among people through public values and the length of time individuals live, strengthens social relations and increases the sense of belonging and thus the sense of community. Therefore, residents who live in a place for a long time have enough time to identify a place, so the length of residence potentially increases the attachment to the place. Places and spaces are also potentially important symbols of the person or group that convey the concept of ownership and preserve individual and group aspects of identity, so the physical characteristics of the place are understood and identified for the person through symbols and signs. And it is the community that defines the relationship between place and people and the identity of place, and reinforces mental compatibility, the degree of homogeneity of values and lifestyles that are symbolically expressed by a place with its values and way of life. The more mental compatibility there is, the more likely it is that spatial affiliation will occur. In fact, the socio-cultural meanings of a place connect individuals and groups to the environment. Therefore, in fact, the residential environment or home can be the place of expression of individual identity and the neighborhood and especially the city is the place of manifestation of their social identity.
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