تاثیر هورمونهای اکسین و جیبرلین بر برخی ویژگی‌های زراعی، فیزیولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی خاکشیر (Descurainia Sophia) تحت سطوح مختلف اسید هیومیک
محورهای موضوعی : ژنتیکمحمد جهانتیغ 1 , عیسی خمری 2 , علیرضا سیروس مهر 3 , مهدی دهمرده 4
1 - گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل،زابل، ایران
2 - گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل،زابل، ایران
3 - گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل،زابل، ایران
4 - گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل،زابل، ایران
کلید واژه: تغذیه, کلروفیل, گیاه دارویی, موسیلاژ, عملکرددانه,
چکیده مقاله :
کاربرد هورمونهای گیاهی در دهه اخیر با توجه به گسترش کشاورزی پایدار مورد توجه قرار گرفته است و از این رو باید در مدیریت تلفیقی گیاهان زراعی مورد تحقیق قرار گیرد. به منظور بررسی اثر کاربرد هورمونهای مختلف گیاهی (اکسین و جیبرلین) بر برخی ویژگی‌های زراعی، فیزیولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی خاکشیر تحت سطوح مختلف اسید هیومیک، آزمایشی به صورت کرت-های خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با 3 تکرار طی دو سال در مزرعه تحقیقاتی پژوهشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه زابل (چاه نیمه) اجرا شد. عامل اصلی شامل دو غلظت اسید هیومیک (صفر و 5 لیتر در هکتار) و عامل فرعی شامل نه غلظت محلول‌پاشی شامل شاهد (محلول‌پاشی با آب مقطر)، هورمون اکسین در غلظت‌های 10، 20، 30 و 40 میلی گرم بر لیتر ایندول بوتیریک اسید و هورمون جیبرلین در غلظت های 15، 30، 45 و 60 میلی گرم بر لیتر بود. نتایج تجزیه مرکب داده‌ها نشان داد که اثر سه جانبه تیمارهای آزمایشی برای هیچ کدام از صفات مورد بررسی معنی دار نبوده اما برهمکنش اسید هیومیک و محلول پاشی بر تمامی صفات مورد بررسی معنی دار بود. هیومیک به طور معنی‌داری باعث افزایش ارتفاع بوته، تعداد دانه در خورجین، درصد کلروفیل برگ، درصد پروتئین، شاخص برداشت، عملکرد دانه، موسیلاژ و اسید چرب غیر اشباع همچنین سطح محلول‌پاشی 20 میلی گرم بر لیتر ایندول بوتیریک اسید باعث افزایش ارتفاع بوته، تعداد دانه در خورجین، وزن 1000 دانه و کلروفیل برگ و سطوح 60 و 45 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر جیبرلین صفات ارتفاع بوته وزن 1000 دانه خاکشیر گردید. درحالت کلی می‌توان گفت سطح 5 لیتر در هکتار اسید هیومیک و محلول‌پاشی 20 میلی‌گرم در لیتر ایندول بوتیریک اسید برای گیاه خاکشیر مناسب می‌باشد.
The use of plant hormones in the last decade has been considered due to the expansion of sustainable agriculture and therefore should be investigated in the integrated management of crops. In order to investigate the effect of application of different plant hormones (auxin and gibberellin) on some agronomic, physiological and biochemical characteristics of sorrel under different levels of humic acid, an experiment was conducted as split plots in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications was carried out in research farm of the Agricultural Research Institute of Zabol University (Chah Nimeh) for two years. The main factor includes two concentrations of humic acid (0 and 5 liters per hectare) and the secondary factor includes nine concentrations of foliar application including control (foliar application with distilled water), auxin hormone (IBA) in concentrations of 10, 20, 30 and 40 mg / l. IBA and gibberellin at concentrations of 15, 30, 45 and 60 mg / L. The results of combined analysis of data showed that the three-way effect of experimental treatments was not significant for any of the studied traits but the interaction of humic acid and foliar application was significant for all studied traits. Humic acid significantly increased plant height, number of seeds per pod, leaf chlorophyll percentage, protein percentage, harvest index, grain yield, mucilage and unsaturated fatty acid, as well as foliar application of 20 mg / l IBA increased plant height Number of seeds per pod, 1000 seed weight and leaf chlorophyll and levels of 60 and 45 mg / l gibberellin Plant height traits Weight 1000 seedlings. In general, it can be concluded that the level of 5 liters per hectare humic acid and foliar spraying of 20 mg per liter of IBA is suitable for sorrel.
Abbasi, A., Maleki, A., Babaei, F., Safari, H. and Rangin, A. (2019). The role of gibberellic acid and zinc sulfate on biochemical performance relate to drought tolerance of white bean under water stress. Cellular and Molecular Biology (Noisy-le- Grand, France), 65(3):1-10.
Abdel Mawgoud, A. M. R., El Greadly, N. H. M., Helmy, Y. I. and Singer, S. M. (2007). Responses of tomato plants to different rates of humic based fertilizer and NPK fertilization. Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 3(2): 169- 174.
Ahmadi, A., Ehsanzadeh, P. and Jabari, F. (2008). Introduction to plant physiology , University of Tehran Press, 681 p. (In Persian)
Ahmadiyan, R., Lahoti, M. and Zarehassanabadi, M. (2007). Biochemistry and physiology of plant hormones. Mashhad University Press, 360 p. (In Persian)
Akbari charmahini, S. and Moalemi, N. (2012). Effect of gibberellic acid on the growth of seedlings olive (Olea europaea L.). Journal of Horticultural Science, 24(2): 184-188.
Al-Massarani, S.M., El Gamal AA, Alam P, Al-Sheddi ES, Al-Oqail MM, Farshori NN. (2017). Isolation, biological evaluation and validated HPTLC-quantification of the marker constituent of the edible Saudi plant Sisymbrium irio L. Saudi Pharm Journal. 25(5): 750–759.
Ashraf, M. Karim, F. and Rasul, E. (2002). Interactive effects of gibberellic acid (GA) and salt stress on growth, ion accumulation and photosynthetic capacity of two spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars differing in salt tolerance. Journal of Plant Growth Regulator. 36(1): 49- 59.
Atri, M. (1996). Plants organogenesis and morphogenesis. Jahad Daneshghahi Urmia Press. (In Persian).
Batlang, U. (2008). Benzyladenine plus gibberellins (GA4+7) increase fruit size and yield in greenhouse-grown hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Journal of Biological Science, 8(3): 659-662.
Belakbir, A., Ruiz, J.M. and Romero, L. 1998. Yield and fruit quality of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) in response to bioregulators. Journal of Horticultural Science. 33: 1. 85-87.
Betrand, A.M. and Ernstsen A. (2001). Endogenous gibberellins in lolium perenne and influence of defoliation on their contents in elongating leaf bases and in leaf sheaths. Physiologia Plantarum. 111: 123-231.
Bulak, P. Walkiewicz A. and Brzezinska M. (2014). Plant growth regulators-assisted phytoextraction. Biologia Plantarum. 58(1): 1-8.
Chemani, F., Khodabandeh, N., Habibi, H., Asgharzadeh, A. and Davoodifard, M. (2012). The effect of salinity stress on yield and yield components in wheat inoculated with growth-promoting bacteria (Azotobacter crocum, Azospirillium lipofrom, Pseudomonas putida) and humic acid. Agriculture and plant breeding. 8(1): 25-37.
Ebrahimiyan, S., Azizi, M. and Nemati, H. (2016). Investigation of the effect of plant density and application of humic acid on the mucilage of cheese medicinal plant. The Second National Conference on Medicinal Plants and Herbal Medicines.
Ezzati, N., Maleki, A. And Fathi, A. 2020. The effect of drought stress and foliar application of gibberellic acid and salicylic acid on quantitative and qualitative yield of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). Journal of Plant Environmental Physiology, 14 (56): 109-94.
Farooq, M. Gogoi, N. Barthakur, S. Baroowa, B. Bharadwaj, N. Alghamdi, S.S. Siddique, K.H.M. (2016). Drought stress in grain legumes during reproduction and grain filling. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science. 203(2):81-102.
Fassler, E., Evangelou, M.W., Robinson, B.H. and Schulin, R. (2010). Effects of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) on sunflower growth and heavy metal uptake in combination with ethylene diamine disuccinic acid (EDDS). Chemosphere, 80(8): 901-907.
Franzens , k. (2000). The Revival the Green –Gold . Published in the Scientific Magazin, 34 : 22-27.
Gayou, E.M., Ramanoelina, A.R.P., Rasoarahona, J.R.E. and combres, A. (1993). Fatty acids composition of sterculia seeds and oils from Madagascar. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 41:46-66.
Ghosh M. and singh S.P. (2005). A review on phytoremediation of heavy metals and utilization of it byproducts. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research. 3: 1-18.
Hassanzadeh, Z., Ghahremani, Z. and Barzegar, T. (2017). The effect of different levels of naphthalene acetic acid on growth, yield and quality of okra fruit, Kano cultivar. Journal of Plant Production Research. 24(1): 33-45.
Isavand, H. Azarniya, M., Nazariyan, F. and Sharafi, R. (2011). The effect of gibberellin and abscisic acid on germination and some physiological characteristics of chickpea seeds and seedlings in rainfed and irrigated conditions, Iranian Journal of Crop Science. 42(4): 789-797. (In Persian)
Jalili Marandi, R. 2012. Postharvest physiology. Urmia University. Press, 539p. (In Persian)
Keshavarzi M.S. Jafarihaghighi. and Bagheri A. (2012). The effect of auxin and gibberellin on yield and quality of forage maize. Journal of Plant Acophisiologi. 15(15): 26-45.
Keshavarzi, M., Jafari Haghighi, B. and Bagheri, A. (2014). Evaluation of the effect of auxin and gibberellin on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of corn Forage. Journal of Plant Ecophysiology, 5(15): 26-35. (In Persian)
Kjeldal, S. 1998. An investigation of several phychological factors impinging on The perception of fresh fruits and vegetables. Un published phd. Thesis.University of new enghland, Australia.
Klucakova, M. and Veznikova, K. (2017). Micro-organization of humic acids in aqueous solutions. Journal of Molecular Structure. 1144: 30-40.
Kumar, S. Saxena, S. N. Mistry, J.G. Fougat, R.S. Solanki, R.K. and Sharma, R. (2015). Understanding Cuminum cyminum: An important seed spice crop of arid and semiarid regions. International of Journal Seed Spices. 5(2): 1-19.
Maccarthy, P. (2001). The principles of humic substances. Journal Soil Science, 166:738–751.
Maghsodi, B., Jafari Haghighi, B. and Jafari, A. (2014). The effect of micronutrient application and auxin hormone on performance and performance components Wheat Drum, Scientific Journal of Plant Ecophysiology , 6(16): 13-26. (In Persian)
Marsalkiene, N., Sliesaravicius, A., Karpaviciene, B. and Dastikaite, A. (2009). Oil content and fatty acid composition of seeds of some Lithuanian wild crucifer species. Agronomy Research, 7: 654-661.
Mirmahmodi, T., Farzipour, H. and Jalilnezhad, N. (2014). The effect of azospirillum and gibberellin on morphological characteristics, Yield components and yield of maize cultivar 370. Journal of Research in Crop Sciences 6(23): 109-124. (In Persian)
Nardi, S. Pizzeghello, D. Muscolo, A. and Vianello, A. (2002). Physiological effects of humic substances on higher plants. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 34 (11): 1527- 1536.
Parvaneh, V. (2004). Food quality control and chemistry tests. University of Tehran Press, 332 p. (In Persian)
Pazaki, A., Rezaei, H., Habibi,D. and Paknezhad, F. (2012). Effect of drought stress, asscorbate and gibberellin foliar application on some morphological traits, RWC and cell membrane stability of Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.), Journal of Agriculture and Plant Breeding, 8(1): 1-13. (In Persian)
Poryosef, M. and Shahi, M. (2017). The effect of foliar application of growth stimulants and their application time on yield and some agronomic characteristics of safflower. Scientific Journal of Crop Physiology, 8(32): 25-43. (In Persian)
Rangana, S. (1977). Mannual for analysis of fruit and vegetable product. Tata McGraw Hill Co. Pvt.Ltd., New Delhi, pp 73-76.
Samavat, S. and Malakoti, M. (2005). Necessity of produce and utilization of organic acids for increase of quality and quantity of agricultural products. Sana Publication. Tehran. (In Persian with English Summary)
Samsam Shariyat, S. (2008). Extraction and extraction of active ingredients of medicinal plants, 258 p. (In Persian)
Sarwar, N. Farooq, O. Mubeen, K. Wasaya, A. Nouman, W. Ali, M.Z.
and Shehzad, M. (2017). Exogenous Application of Gibberellic Acid Improves the Maize Crop Productivity Under Scarce and Sufficient Soil Moisture Condition. Cercetari Agronomice in Moldova. 50(4): 65-73.
Sebastiano, D., Roberto, T., Ersilio, D. and Arturo, A. (2005). Effect of foliar application of N and humic acids on growth and yield of durum wheat. Jonural Agricultural Research, 25: 183-191.
Sedaghat, M.E. and Emam, Y. (2016). Effect of Three Growth Regulators on Grain Yield of Wheat Cultivars under Different Moisture Regimes. Journal of Production and Processing of Crops and Horticulture. 6 (21) :15-33. (In Persian)
Sharma P. and Dubey R.S.H. (2005). Lead toxicity in Plants. Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology, 17(1): 35-52.
Stephen G.T. Ivo R. and Camille M.S. (2005). Gibberellins' metabolism and signaling. Vitamins and Hormones. 72: 289-38.
Tavakoli, R., Mohadjerani, M., Hosseinzadeh, R.. Tajbakhsh, M. and Naqinezhad, A. (2012). Chemical Composition of Fatty Acid from Different Parts of Descurainia Sophia L. Growing Wild in North of Iran. Letters to Analytical Chemistry, 2: 363-366.
Tourfi, F. and Shokuhfar, A. (2019). Effect of humic acid on yield, yield components and physiological parameters of wheat in deficit irrigation conditions. Quarterly Journal of Plant Production. 9(2): 122-132. (In Persian)
Zand, B.,Sorooshzade, A., Ghanatiand, F. and Moradi, F. (2011). Effect of zinc and Auxin foliar Application on some anti-oxidant enzymes activity in corn leaf. International Journal of Psychology. 2.1:35-48.
Zheng, Y., Graham, T. Richard, S. and Dixon, M. (2004). Potted gerbera production in a sub-irrigation system using low-concentration nutrient solutions. HortScientist. 39(6): 1283-1286.
_||_Abbasi, A., Maleki, A., Babaei, F., Safari, H. and Rangin, A. (2019). The role of gibberellic acid and zinc sulfate on biochemical performance relate to drought tolerance of white bean under water stress. Cellular and Molecular Biology (Noisy-le- Grand, France), 65(3):1-10.
Abdel Mawgoud, A. M. R., El Greadly, N. H. M., Helmy, Y. I. and Singer, S. M. (2007). Responses of tomato plants to different rates of humic based fertilizer and NPK fertilization. Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 3(2): 169- 174.
Ahmadi, A., Ehsanzadeh, P. and Jabari, F. (2008). Introduction to plant physiology , University of Tehran Press, 681 p. (In Persian)
Ahmadiyan, R., Lahoti, M. and Zarehassanabadi, M. (2007). Biochemistry and physiology of plant hormones. Mashhad University Press, 360 p. (In Persian)
Akbari charmahini, S. and Moalemi, N. (2012). Effect of gibberellic acid on the growth of seedlings olive (Olea europaea L.). Journal of Horticultural Science, 24(2): 184-188.
Al-Massarani, S.M., El Gamal AA, Alam P, Al-Sheddi ES, Al-Oqail MM, Farshori NN. (2017). Isolation, biological evaluation and validated HPTLC-quantification of the marker constituent of the edible Saudi plant Sisymbrium irio L. Saudi Pharm Journal. 25(5): 750–759.
Ashraf, M. Karim, F. and Rasul, E. (2002). Interactive effects of gibberellic acid (GA) and salt stress on growth, ion accumulation and photosynthetic capacity of two spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars differing in salt tolerance. Journal of Plant Growth Regulator. 36(1): 49- 59.
Atri, M. (1996). Plants organogenesis and morphogenesis. Jahad Daneshghahi Urmia Press. (In Persian).
Batlang, U. (2008). Benzyladenine plus gibberellins (GA4+7) increase fruit size and yield in greenhouse-grown hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Journal of Biological Science, 8(3): 659-662.
Belakbir, A., Ruiz, J.M. and Romero, L. 1998. Yield and fruit quality of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) in response to bioregulators. Journal of Horticultural Science. 33: 1. 85-87.
Betrand, A.M. and Ernstsen A. (2001). Endogenous gibberellins in lolium perenne and influence of defoliation on their contents in elongating leaf bases and in leaf sheaths. Physiologia Plantarum. 111: 123-231.
Bulak, P. Walkiewicz A. and Brzezinska M. (2014). Plant growth regulators-assisted phytoextraction. Biologia Plantarum. 58(1): 1-8.
Chemani, F., Khodabandeh, N., Habibi, H., Asgharzadeh, A. and Davoodifard, M. (2012). The effect of salinity stress on yield and yield components in wheat inoculated with growth-promoting bacteria (Azotobacter crocum, Azospirillium lipofrom, Pseudomonas putida) and humic acid. Agriculture and plant breeding. 8(1): 25-37.
Ebrahimiyan, S., Azizi, M. and Nemati, H. (2016). Investigation of the effect of plant density and application of humic acid on the mucilage of cheese medicinal plant. The Second National Conference on Medicinal Plants and Herbal Medicines.
Ezzati, N., Maleki, A. And Fathi, A. 2020. The effect of drought stress and foliar application of gibberellic acid and salicylic acid on quantitative and qualitative yield of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). Journal of Plant Environmental Physiology, 14 (56): 109-94.
Farooq, M. Gogoi, N. Barthakur, S. Baroowa, B. Bharadwaj, N. Alghamdi, S.S. Siddique, K.H.M. (2016). Drought stress in grain legumes during reproduction and grain filling. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science. 203(2):81-102.
Fassler, E., Evangelou, M.W., Robinson, B.H. and Schulin, R. (2010). Effects of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) on sunflower growth and heavy metal uptake in combination with ethylene diamine disuccinic acid (EDDS). Chemosphere, 80(8): 901-907.
Franzens , k. (2000). The Revival the Green –Gold . Published in the Scientific Magazin, 34 : 22-27.
Gayou, E.M., Ramanoelina, A.R.P., Rasoarahona, J.R.E. and combres, A. (1993). Fatty acids composition of sterculia seeds and oils from Madagascar. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 41:46-66.
Ghosh M. and singh S.P. (2005). A review on phytoremediation of heavy metals and utilization of it byproducts. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research. 3: 1-18.
Hassanzadeh, Z., Ghahremani, Z. and Barzegar, T. (2017). The effect of different levels of naphthalene acetic acid on growth, yield and quality of okra fruit, Kano cultivar. Journal of Plant Production Research. 24(1): 33-45.
Isavand, H. Azarniya, M., Nazariyan, F. and Sharafi, R. (2011). The effect of gibberellin and abscisic acid on germination and some physiological characteristics of chickpea seeds and seedlings in rainfed and irrigated conditions, Iranian Journal of Crop Science. 42(4): 789-797. (In Persian)
Jalili Marandi, R. 2012. Postharvest physiology. Urmia University. Press, 539p. (In Persian)
Keshavarzi M.S. Jafarihaghighi. and Bagheri A. (2012). The effect of auxin and gibberellin on yield and quality of forage maize. Journal of Plant Acophisiologi. 15(15): 26-45.
Keshavarzi, M., Jafari Haghighi, B. and Bagheri, A. (2014). Evaluation of the effect of auxin and gibberellin on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of corn Forage. Journal of Plant Ecophysiology, 5(15): 26-35. (In Persian)
Kjeldal, S. 1998. An investigation of several phychological factors impinging on The perception of fresh fruits and vegetables. Un published phd. Thesis.University of new enghland, Australia.
Klucakova, M. and Veznikova, K. (2017). Micro-organization of humic acids in aqueous solutions. Journal of Molecular Structure. 1144: 30-40.
Kumar, S. Saxena, S. N. Mistry, J.G. Fougat, R.S. Solanki, R.K. and Sharma, R. (2015). Understanding Cuminum cyminum: An important seed spice crop of arid and semiarid regions. International of Journal Seed Spices. 5(2): 1-19.
Maccarthy, P. (2001). The principles of humic substances. Journal Soil Science, 166:738–751.
Maghsodi, B., Jafari Haghighi, B. and Jafari, A. (2014). The effect of micronutrient application and auxin hormone on performance and performance components Wheat Drum, Scientific Journal of Plant Ecophysiology , 6(16): 13-26. (In Persian)
Marsalkiene, N., Sliesaravicius, A., Karpaviciene, B. and Dastikaite, A. (2009). Oil content and fatty acid composition of seeds of some Lithuanian wild crucifer species. Agronomy Research, 7: 654-661.
Mirmahmodi, T., Farzipour, H. and Jalilnezhad, N. (2014). The effect of azospirillum and gibberellin on morphological characteristics, Yield components and yield of maize cultivar 370. Journal of Research in Crop Sciences 6(23): 109-124. (In Persian)
Nardi, S. Pizzeghello, D. Muscolo, A. and Vianello, A. (2002). Physiological effects of humic substances on higher plants. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 34 (11): 1527- 1536.
Parvaneh, V. (2004). Food quality control and chemistry tests. University of Tehran Press, 332 p. (In Persian)
Pazaki, A., Rezaei, H., Habibi,D. and Paknezhad, F. (2012). Effect of drought stress, asscorbate and gibberellin foliar application on some morphological traits, RWC and cell membrane stability of Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.), Journal of Agriculture and Plant Breeding, 8(1): 1-13. (In Persian)
Poryosef, M. and Shahi, M. (2017). The effect of foliar application of growth stimulants and their application time on yield and some agronomic characteristics of safflower. Scientific Journal of Crop Physiology, 8(32): 25-43. (In Persian)
Rangana, S. (1977). Mannual for analysis of fruit and vegetable product. Tata McGraw Hill Co. Pvt.Ltd., New Delhi, pp 73-76.
Samavat, S. and Malakoti, M. (2005). Necessity of produce and utilization of organic acids for increase of quality and quantity of agricultural products. Sana Publication. Tehran. (In Persian with English Summary)
Samsam Shariyat, S. (2008). Extraction and extraction of active ingredients of medicinal plants, 258 p. (In Persian)
Sarwar, N. Farooq, O. Mubeen, K. Wasaya, A. Nouman, W. Ali, M.Z.
and Shehzad, M. (2017). Exogenous Application of Gibberellic Acid Improves the Maize Crop Productivity Under Scarce and Sufficient Soil Moisture Condition. Cercetari Agronomice in Moldova. 50(4): 65-73.
Sebastiano, D., Roberto, T., Ersilio, D. and Arturo, A. (2005). Effect of foliar application of N and humic acids on growth and yield of durum wheat. Jonural Agricultural Research, 25: 183-191.
Sedaghat, M.E. and Emam, Y. (2016). Effect of Three Growth Regulators on Grain Yield of Wheat Cultivars under Different Moisture Regimes. Journal of Production and Processing of Crops and Horticulture. 6 (21) :15-33. (In Persian)
Sharma P. and Dubey R.S.H. (2005). Lead toxicity in Plants. Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology, 17(1): 35-52.
Stephen G.T. Ivo R. and Camille M.S. (2005). Gibberellins' metabolism and signaling. Vitamins and Hormones. 72: 289-38.
Tavakoli, R., Mohadjerani, M., Hosseinzadeh, R.. Tajbakhsh, M. and Naqinezhad, A. (2012). Chemical Composition of Fatty Acid from Different Parts of Descurainia Sophia L. Growing Wild in North of Iran. Letters to Analytical Chemistry, 2: 363-366.
Tourfi, F. and Shokuhfar, A. (2019). Effect of humic acid on yield, yield components and physiological parameters of wheat in deficit irrigation conditions. Quarterly Journal of Plant Production. 9(2): 122-132. (In Persian)
Zand, B.,Sorooshzade, A., Ghanatiand, F. and Moradi, F. (2011). Effect of zinc and Auxin foliar Application on some anti-oxidant enzymes activity in corn leaf. International Journal of Psychology. 2.1:35-48.
Zheng, Y., Graham, T. Richard, S. and Dixon, M. (2004). Potted gerbera production in a sub-irrigation system using low-concentration nutrient solutions. HortScientist. 39(6): 1283-1286.