بررسی اثر فیلم بسته‌بندی، دما و مدت زمان نگهداری بر خصوصیات بیوشیمیایی گیاه دارویی Rosmarinus officinalis L.

محورهای موضوعی : گیاهان دارویی

فریال وارسته ¹ , عظیم قاسم نژاد ² , سحر زمانی ³

1 - گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده تولید گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران
2 - گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده تولید گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران
3 - گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران

تاریخ دریافت : 1401/11/30 تاریخ پذیرش : 1402/01/08 تاریخ انتشار : 1402/04/01

کلید واژه: آنتی‌اکسیدان, بیوشیمیایی, پلی‌اتیلن, اکلیل‌کوهی, پلی‌آمید,

چکیده مقاله :

بررسی اثر فیلم بسته بندی، دما و زمان نگهداری بر خصوصیات بیوشیمیایی برگ خشک گیاه اکلیل کوهی به صورت فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح کاملاً تصادفی در سال ۱۳۹۷-۱۳۹۶ در دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان انجام شد. نمونه‌های گیاهی، خردادماه از سرشاخه‌های رشد جدید بوته‌های هشت ساله برداشت و سایه خشک شدند. سپس در فیلم مورد نظر (شاهد، پلی آمید 80، 90 و 120، پلی اتیلن ۹۰ میکرون و پلاستیک معمولی)، بسته بندی و در دمای ۴ و ۲۵ درجه سانتی‌گراد یک سال نگهداری شدند. ترکیبات بیوشیمیایی هر سه ماه اندازه گیری گردید. میزان کلروفیل کل و کارتنوئید با استفاده از دی متیل سولفوکساید و فنل کل با معرف فولین- سیوکالیتو، محتوای فلاونوئید با روش آلومینیوم کلراید و فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی با معرف DPPH اندازه گیری شد. در همه تیمارها با گذشت زمان، میزان کلروفیل و کاروتنوئید روند کاهشی داشت، هرچند در۴ درجه سانتی‌گراد نسبت به 25 درجه سانتی‌گراد رنگدانه ها بهتر حفظ شد. بیشترین میزان فنل (4/5 میلی‌گرم بر گرم) پلاستیک معمولی پس از 6 ماه و بیشترین فلاونوئید (2/87 میلی‌گرم بر گرم) در پلی آمید ۹۰ و پلی اتیلن 90 میکرون 3 ماه نگهداری شده در دمای 4 درجه سانتی‌گراد مشاهده شد.فنل کل و فلاونوئید در تیمارهای مذکور ۷۸/۱ و ۳ برابر بیشتر از شاهد ۱۲ ماه نگهداری شده در 25 درجه سانتی‌گراد بود. بیشترین فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی در ابتدای آزمایش در همه بسته ها و پس از ۱۲ ماه در ۲۵ درجه سانتی‌گراد در شاهد، فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی 8/30 درصد کاهش یافت. با توجه به یافته ها، جهت حفظ کیفیت برگ خشک اکلیل‌کوهی پیشنهاد می‌شود این گیاه در پلی آمید ۹۰ و ۱۲۰ و پلی اتیلن 90 میکرون بسته بندی و در ۴ درجه سانتی‌گراد ۳ ماه نگهداری گردد، زیرا در این تیمارها علاوه بر افزایش فنل و فلاونوئید ( ۳/۱-۲/۱ برابر)، کلروفیل، کارتنوئید و فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی کاهش کمتری یافت.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Effects of packaging film, temperature, and storage time on the biochemical properties of dried leaves of Rosmarinus officinalis L. were investigated in a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design at Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources during 2017-2018. Plant samples were collected and shade-dried from the newly grown branches of eight-year-old plants in June. Then, the samples were packed in packaging films including control (without coating), polyamide 80, 90, and 120 µ, polyethylene 90 µ and common plastic, before they were stored at 4 ℃ and 25 ℃ for one year. The biochemical compounds of the plant were measured every three-months. Chlorophylls and carotenoids were measured using dimethyl sulfoxide method. Phenols, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity were assayed by Folin-Ciocalteu, aluminum-chloride, and DPPH method. Findings showed that chlorophylls and carotenoids decreased over time; however, 4 ℃ preserved the pigments better than 25 ℃. The highest phenol content (4.5 mg/g) was observed in common plastic after 6 months, and the highest flavonoids (2.87 mg/g) was observed in polyamide 90 µ and polyethylene 90 µ stored for 3 months at 4 ℃. Total phenols and flavonoids in treatments were 1.78 and 3 times higher than the samples without coating stored for 12 months at 25 ℃. The highest antioxidant activity was observed in all packages at the beginning of the experiment, and the antioxidant activity decreased by 30.8% after 12 months storage at 25 ℃ without coating. According to the findings of the study, in order to preserve the quality of dried rosemary leaves, they are recommended to be stored in polyamide 90 and 120 µ and polyethylene 90 µ at 4 ℃ for 3 months, because in these treatments, in addition to the increase in total phenols and flavonoids (1.2-1.3 times compared to the beginning of the experiment), the content of total chlorophylls, carotenoids, and antioxidant activity did not increase highly.

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