ارزیابی اثر تنشهای خشکی و شوری بر خصوصیات مورفولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی چهار گونه از جنس Papaver
محورهای موضوعی : گیاهان داروییبهنام داودنیا 1 , جعفر احمدی 2 , صدیقه فابریکی اورنگ 3
1 - دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد اصلاح نباتات، دانشگاه بینالمللی امام خمینی
2 - هیاتعلمی گروه تولید و اصلاح نباتات، دانشگاه بینالمللی امام خمینی (ره)، قزوین، ایران
3 - هیاتعلمی گروه تولید و اصلاح نباتات، دانشگاه بینالمللی امام خمینی (ره)، قزوین، ایران
کلید واژه: شوری, تنش خشکی, متابولیتهای ثانویه, خشخاش,
چکیده مقاله :
تحقیق حاضر به منظور ارزیابی تغییرات صفات مورفولوژیک و متابولیت های ثانویه در چهار گونه از جنس خشخاش (P.bracteatum, P.somniferum, P.armeniacum, P.argemone) تحت تنش خشکی و شوری انجام پذیرفت. این تحقیق در قالب آزمایش فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح کاملاً تصادفی در سه تکرار انجام شد. تیمارها شامل شوری با NaCl (mM100)، خشکی (50 درصد ظرفیت زراعی) و آبیاری نرمال (شاهد) بودند. برای سنجش فلاونوئیدکل، آنتوسیانین و محتوی آلکالوئید کل از روش اسپکتروفتومتری و برای اندازهگیری میزان کلروفیل برگ از دستگاه spad استفاده گردید. آزمایش نشان داد که نوع تنش و گونه تأثیر بسیار معنیداری (01/0P≤ ) بر روی صفات مورفولوژیک داشتند. مقایسه میانگین نتایج نشان داد که مقادیر صفات مورفولوژیک، تحت تنش های خشکی و شوری بهطور معنیداری کاهش پیدا کردند. بهطوریکه میزان کاهش در صفات مورفولوژیک در شرایط تنش خشکی بیشتر از تنش شوری بود. ولیکن مقادیر طول ریشه در شرایط تنش خشکی و وزن خشک اندام هوایی در تنش شوری افزایش نشان داد. در نتایج تجزیه واریانس مشخص شد که نوع تنش تأثیر معنیداری (01/0P≤) بر میزان آلکالوئید، فلاونوئید، آنتوسیانین کل و غلظت کلروفیل داشت. نتایج مقایسه میانگین نشان داد که محتوی آلکالوئید، فلاونوئید و آنتوسیانین کل تحت تنش های خشکی و شوری در مقایسه با شرایط بدون تنش افزایش یافت. بیشترین (OD.g-1.FW 24/2) و کمترین (OD.g-1.FW 64/1) میزان آلکالوئید کل بهترتیب مربوط به گونه P. bracteatum در تنش خشکی و گونه P. somniferum در شرایط عدم تنش بود. گونه P. somniferum با کمترین کاهش در خصوصیات مورفولوژیکی، عملکرد بالایی در تولید متابولیت های ثانویه داشته است و اینکه تجمع متابولیتهای ثانویه با تنش خشکی و شوری رابطه مثبت داشته و میزان افزایش متابلولیتهای نمونهها تحت تنش خشکی از شوری بیشتر بود.
The presence study was carried out to determine the changes in morphological traits and secondary metabolites in four species of Papaver genus under drought and salinity stresses. This research was conducted in factorial experiment using a completely randomized design with three replications. The treatments were included, salinity with NaCl (100mM), drought stress (50% FC) and well-watered (control). The amount of total alkaloids, flavonoids and anthocyanins were determined by spectrophotometer and the content of leaf chlorophyll was measured using Spad chlorophyll meter. The results were showed that stresses and species had a significant effect (P≤0.01) on all of morphological traits. Mean comparison were showed that there is differences among stresses in terms of morphological traits; so in under drought stress, the amount of plant height (from 7.83 to 5.75 cm), root fresh weight (from 10.75 to 6.75 gr), root dry weight (from 8.57 to 5.6 gr), aerial fresh weight (from 13.63 to 8.38 gr) and aerial dry weight (from 8.18 to 6.32 gr) in compared with well-watered conditions was reduced. In contrast, root length in compared with well-watered irrigation increased (from 15.63 to 11.2 cm). But there was no considerable change in morphological traits under salinity stress in compared with well-watered conditions. Statistical results showed that stresses had significant effect (P≤0.01) on content of total alkaloid, total flavonoid, anthocyanin and chlorophyll concentration. The contents of total alkaloid, total flavonoid and anthocyanin increased under drought and salinity stresses in compared with well-watered condition. The highest (2.24 OD.g-1.FW) and the lowest (1.64 OD.g-1.FW) amount of total alkaloid was related to P. bracteatum under drought stress and P. somniferum in well-watered conditions, respectively. The P. somniferum could produce a high yield of alkaloids, because of minimal reduction in morphological characteristics. Overall, the accumulation of secondary metabolites under salinity and drought stresses has a positive correlation with stress tolerance and the metabolites accumulation under drought stress was higher than salinity.
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