Evaluation of drought and salinity stresses on morphological and biochemical characteristics in four species of Papaver

Subject Areas : Medicinal Plants

Behnam Davodnia ¹ , Jafar Ahmahdi ² , Sedegeh Fabriki ourang ³

1 - 1M.Sc. Student of Plant Breeding, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
2 - Department of Plant Breeding, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
3 - 2Department of Plant Breeding, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran

Received: 2017-01-25 Accepted : 2017-02-22 Published : 2017-08-23

Keywords: Stress, Salinity, drought, Secondary metabolites, Papaver species,

Abstract :

The presence study was carried out to determine the changes in morphological traits and secondary metabolites in four species of Papaver genus under drought and salinity stresses. This research was conducted in factorial experiment using a completely randomized design with three replications. The treatments were included, salinity with NaCl (100mM), drought stress (50% FC) and well-watered (control). The amount of total alkaloids, flavonoids and anthocyanins were determined by spectrophotometer and the content of leaf chlorophyll was measured using Spad chlorophyll meter. The results were showed that stresses and species had a significant effect (P≤0.01) on all of morphological traits. Mean comparison were showed that there is differences among stresses in terms of morphological traits; so in under drought stress, the amount of plant height (from 7.83 to 5.75 cm), root fresh weight (from 10.75 to 6.75 gr), root dry weight (from 8.57 to 5.6 gr), aerial fresh weight (from 13.63 to 8.38 gr) and aerial dry weight (from 8.18 to 6.32 gr) in compared with well-watered conditions was reduced. In contrast, root length in compared with well-watered irrigation increased (from 15.63 to 11.2 cm). But there was no considerable change in morphological traits under salinity stress in compared with well-watered conditions. Statistical results showed that stresses had significant effect (P≤0.01) on content of total alkaloid, total flavonoid, anthocyanin and chlorophyll concentration. The contents of total alkaloid, total flavonoid and anthocyanin increased under drought and salinity stresses in compared with well-watered condition. The highest (2.24 OD.g-1.FW) and the lowest (1.64 OD.g-1.FW) amount of total alkaloid was related to P. bracteatum under drought stress and P. somniferum in well-watered conditions, respectively. The P. somniferum could produce a high yield of alkaloids, because of minimal reduction in morphological characteristics. Overall, the accumulation of secondary metabolites under salinity and drought stresses has a positive correlation with stress tolerance and the metabolites accumulation under drought stress was higher than salinity.  

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