Iodine Determination in Raw Cow's Milk in Iran
محورهای موضوعی : food microbiology
1 - Associate Professor of the Department of Food Hygiene, School of Veterinary Medicine, ShahreKord Branch, Islamic Azad University, ShahreKord, Iran.
کلید واژه: iodine, Iran, Milk,
چکیده مقاله :
Iodine is an essential trace element in the human diet. The following work presents the latest information concerned with iodine determination in raw milk, in Iran. Iodine content of milk was determined by Sandell-Kolthoff method where the samples were taken from Holstein dairy cows, in Shahrkord, the central part of Iran. Thirty six samples were taken from transportation tanks in semi industrial farms (group 1) and 66 samples were taken from 66 cows in an industrial dairy farm (group 2). The mean iodine content of group 1 was 148.02 ± 85.36 g/L, where the minimum and maximum iodine concentrations were 20 g/L and 289 g/L, respectively. In group 2 the mean iodine content was 314.27 ± 32.72 g/L, where the minimum and maximum concentration were 227 g/L and 378 g/L, respectively. Milk iodine concentration in group 1 is significantly different from the amounts obtained in group 2 (P £ 0.05). Mean iodine value of all the samples was 225.59 ± 9792 g/L. Mean iodine concentration did not changed in rainy and dry seasons. This study indicated that cow's milk might be an important source to provide the body with the required iodine.
Anke, M., Dorn, W., Gunstheimer, G., Arnhold, W., Glei, M., Anke, S. &Losch,E.(1998). Effect of trace and ultratrace elements on reproduction performance of ruminants. Veterinary Medicine, 43, 272-282.
Azuolas, J. K. &Caple, I. W. (1984). The iodine status of grazing sheep as monitored by concentrations of iodine in milk. Australian Veterinary Journal,61, 223-227.
Bobek, S. (1998). Iodine prophylaxis in animals. Medycyna Weterynaryjna, 54, 80-86.
Brzska, F., Szybinski, Z. & Strzetelski, P. (2005). Iodine content of feeds and possibilities for increasing iodine in milk. Medycyna Weterynaryjna, 61, 145–149.
Cardenas Quintana, H., Gomez Bravo, C. & Pretell, E. A. (2003). Iodine content of cattle milk from mountain and coast from Peru. Archivos latinoamericanos de nutricion.53, 408-12.
Cressey, P. J. (2003).Iodine content of New Zealand dairy products. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis. 16, 25–36.
Dahl, L., Opsahl, J.A., Meltzer, H. M. & Julshamn, K. (2003). Iodine concentration in Norwegian milk and dairy products. British Journal of Nutrition, 90, 679-685.
Delange, F. (1994). The disorders induced by iodine deficiency. Thyroid, 4,107–128.
Divrikli, U., Soylak, M., Elci, L., Kurtoglu, S. & Dogan, M. (2000). Urine Iodine Contents of Children Living in Kayseri-Turkey. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 9, 809-812.
EFSA. (2005). Opinion of the scientific panel on additives and products or substances used in animal feed on the request from the commission on the use of iodine in feeding stuffs. (Question N_EFSA-Q-2003-058) Adopted on 25 January 2005. The European Food Safety Authority Journal, 168, 1-42.
Falkenberg, U., Tenhagen, B. A., Forderung, D. & Heuwieser, W. (2002). Effect of predipping with an iodophor teat disinfectant on iodine content of milk. Milk Science International, 57,599-601.
Fiedlerova, V. (1998). Spectrophotometric determinationof iodine and its content and stability in selected food raw materials and products. Czech Journal of Food Sciences, 16, 163–167.
Fischer, P. W. F. & Giroux, A. (1993). Iodine content of Canadian retail milk samples II. After the ethylenediamine dihydoiodide ban. Food Research International, 26, 277–282.
Franciszek, B., Zbigniew, S. & Bogdan, S. (2009). Iodine concentration in Polish milk: variations due to season and region. Polish Journal of Endocrinology, 60, 449–454.
Girelli, M.E., Coin, P., Mian, C., Nacamulli, D., Zambonin, L., Piccolo, M., Vianello-Dri, A., Gottardo, F. & Busnardo, B. (2004). Milk represents an important source of iodine in schoolchildren of the Veneto region, Italy. Journal of Endocrinological Investigation, 27:709-13.
Graham, T. W. (1991). Trace element deficiencies in cattle. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice, 7, 153-215.
Hejtmankova, A., Kuklik, L., Trnkova, E. & Dragounova, H. (2006). Iodine concentrations in cow’s milk in Central and Northern Bohemia Czech. Journal of Animal Science, 51,189-95.
Hermansen, J. E., Aaes, O., Ostersen, S. &Vestergaard, M.(1995). Rapeseed products for dairy cows: milk yield and milk quality. Report No. 29. National Institute of Animal Science, Denmark, 31, 29: 1-31
Herzig, I. & Suchy, P. (1996). Current views on the importance iodine for animals. Veterinary Medicine, 41, 379-386.
Hetzel, B. S. (1983). Iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) and their eradication. Lancet, 2, 1126–1127.
Isaac-Olive, K., Acharya, R. & Chatt, A. (2008). Fractionation analysis of iodine in bovine milk by preconcentration neutron activation analysis. Talanta, 77,827–832.
Kroupova,V., Herzig,I., Kursa, J., Travnicek, J. & Ther, R. (2001). Level of iodine intake by cows in Czech Republic. Veterinarství [Vet Pract],51, 155-158.
Kursa, J., Herzig, I., Travnicek, J. & Kroupova, V. (2005). Milk as a food source of iodine for human consumption in the Czech Republic. Journal Acta Veterinaria Brno, 74, 255–264.
Lamberg, B. A. (1993). Iodine deficiency disorders and endemic goitre. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 47,1–8.
Li, M., Waite, K. V., Ma, G. & Eastman, C. J. ( 2006). Declining iodine content of milk and reemergence of iodine deficiency in Australia. Medical Journal of Australia, 184, 307.
Mason, M. M., Spate, V. L., Moris, P. J. S, Baskett, C. K., Cheng, T. P, Reams, C. L. L., Marchand, L. E., Henderson, B. E. L. & Kolonel, N. J. (1995). Determination of iodine in urine, using epithermal instrumental neutron activation analysis (EINAA), at the University of Missouri Research Reactor (MURR). Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 195, 57-65.
Mee, J. F. & Rogers, P. A. M. (1996). Prevalence of iodine, selenium, copper and cobalt deficiencies on Irish cattle farms. Irish Veterinary Journal, 49,160-164.
Mesko, M. F., Mello, P. A., Bizzi, C. A., Dressler, V. A., Knapp, G. & Flores, E. M. M. (2010). Iodine determination in food by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry after digestion by microwave-induced combustion. Annualbiannualchemists, 398, 1125–1131
National Research Council (NRC). (2001). Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle, 7th ed. National Academies Press, Washington DC
Paulikova, I., Seidel, H., Nagy, O. & Kovac, G. (2008). Milk Iodine Content in Slovakia. Journal Acta Veterinaria Brno. 77, 533-538.
Pearce, E. N., Pino, S., He, X., Bazrafshan, H. R., Lee, S. L. & Braverman, L. E. (2004). Sources of dietary iodine: bread, cows’ milk, and infant formula in the Boston area. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 89, 3421-4.
Pennington, J. A. T. (1990). Iodine concentrations in US milk: variation due to time, season, and region. Journal of Dairy Science, 73, 3421-7.
Sandell, E. B. & Kolthoff, I. M. (1934). Chronometric catalytic method for the determination of micro quantities of iodine. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 56, 6:1426.
Soriguer, F., Gutierrez-Repiso, C., Gonzalez-Romero, S., Olveira, G., Garriga, M. J., Velasco, I., Santiago, P., Escobar, G. M. & Fuentes, E. G. ( 2011). Iodine concentration in cow’s milk and its relation with urinary iodine concentrations in the population. Clinical Nutrition, 30, 44-48.
Travnicek, J., Herzig, I., Kursa, J., Kroupova, V. & Navratilova, M. (2006). Iodine content in raw milk. Veterinary Medicine, 51, 448-453
Travnicek, J., Kroupova, V. & Soch, M. (2004). Iodine content in bulk feed in western and southern Bohemia. Czech Journal of Animal Science, 49, 483-488.
Travnicek, J. & Kursa, J. (2001). Iodine concentration in milk of sheep and goats from farms in South Bohemia. Journal Acta Veterinaria Brno, 70, 35-42
Trinacty, J., Suatala, M., Vrzalova, D., Kudrna,V. & Lang, P. (2001) Milk iodine content in cows fed rapeseed meal iodine supplement. In: Book of abstracts of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the European Association for Animal Production, 26 - 29
August 2001, p. 106.
Unak, P., Lambrecht, Y., Biber, F.,Teksoz, F. Z., Eriskin, S. & Kansu,P. N. (2004). Iodine determination in milk by isotope dilution analysis. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 259, 321-324
World Health Organization. (2007). Assessment of iodine deficiency disorders and monitoring their elimination, A Guide for Programme Managers 108 p. (2007)-Geneva. http://www.who.int.