Journal of Comparative Pathobiology: 4 (83)

Open Access Article

1 - The effect of oral administration of D-penicillamine on electrocardiogram parameters in pekin ducks poisoned with lead nitrate
hamed zarei Abdollah Kashani Azin Tavakoli

Lead is known as one of the most important environmental pollutants for the body. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of oral administration of D-penicillamine on electrocardiogram parameters in ducks poisoned with lead nitrate. The number of 90 Pekin ducks More

Lead is known as one of the most important environmental pollutants for the body. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of oral administration of D-penicillamine on electrocardiogram parameters in ducks poisoned with lead nitrate. The number of 90 Pekin ducks divided into three groups of 30 including the negative control group, the positive control group (40 mg/kg of lead nitrate in the diet), and the treatment group (lead nitrate at a dose of 40 mg/kg + D-penicillamine at a dose of 20 mg/kg kg in the diet). In order to measure the height of the T, S, R complex components and the ST, RR, QT, QRS intervals and the electrical axis of the heart at the ages of 28 and 60 days, electrocardiogram strips were prepared from 8 chickens in each group. In the positive control group, the height of R, S, and T waves increased significantly compared to the negative control group (P<0.05). D-penicillamine prevented the abnormal increase of these waves in the treated groups, so that this reduction was significant in 60 days in the S wave of derivation III and aVF and the T wave in derivations II, III, aVF and aVR (P<0.05). Also, QRS and QT intervals increased significantly in some derivatives of the positive control group (P<0.05). In the group treated with D-penicillamine, no significant increase in these parameters was observed, so that this lack of increase in the QRS interval in lead II and aVF and in the ST interval of lead III was significant (P<0.05) at 60 days. Finally, it seems that the oral administration of D-penicillamine leads to the improvement of heart electrocardiogram indices in ducks suffering from lead nitrate poisoning. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - The role of orexin 1 and 2 receptors in the accumbens area on passive avoidance memory processing in rats
laleh zokaei esmaeil akbari Morteza Zendehdel Vahab Babapour

Orexin is a neuropeptide that is localized mainly to neurons within and around the lateral hypothalamus and binds to two orexin receptors type 1 and 2. The presence of orexinergic neurons in the accumbens area has also been proven. Previous studies have shown the role o More

Orexin is a neuropeptide that is localized mainly to neurons within and around the lateral hypothalamus and binds to two orexin receptors type 1 and 2. The presence of orexinergic neurons in the accumbens area has also been proven. Previous studies have shown the role of orexin in the dorsal raphe nucleus and hippocampus in learning and memory processes, but so far no study has focused on the effects of orexin in the accumbens area on memory. In the present study, the role of orexin 1 and 2 receptors in the accumbens area on consolidation and retrieval of passive avoidance memory in rats was investigated. For this purpose, 24 Wistar rats were prepared and 4 experiments were designed and performed in the shuttle box environment. After training, the test groups of each experiment were injected with control solution (DMSO), type 1 orexin receptor antagonist (SB334867-A) and type 2 orexin receptor antagonist (TCS-OX2-29) through a cannula into the accumbens area. The results showed that in the passive avoidance memory consolidation phase, the administration of SB334867-A significantly reduced the duration of staying in the light part and the first time to enter the dark part of the box compared to the control group (p<0.05), while Administration of TCS-OX2-29 did not have a significant effect (p>0.05). In the passive avoidance memory retrieval phase, the administration of SB334867-A and TCS-OX2-29 did not cause a significant change in the duration of staying in the light part and the first time of entering the dark part of the box (p>0.05). According to the results, it is possible that the functional deletion of type 1 orexin receptor affects and disrupts the process of passive avoidance memory consolidation. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Evaluation of carbapenem family antibiotic consumption patterns for controlling common bacterial infections in hospital
mohammad mehdi rashidi Seyed Reza Abtahi F Nojoomi I Mirzaii Dizgah M Darvishi

Antibiotic resistance is a global concern due to the irrational use of antibiotics. Patients hospitalized in intensive care units are exposed to antibiotic resistance due to their high vulnerability. Therefore, this study was performed to investigate the pattern of carb More

Antibiotic resistance is a global concern due to the irrational use of antibiotics. Patients hospitalized in intensive care units are exposed to antibiotic resistance due to their high vulnerability. Therefore, this study was performed to investigate the pattern of carbapenem consumption in the intensive care units of Besat Hospital in a period of six months. This study was conducted by studying the records of patients from March 2018 to September 2018 and extracting hospital statistics from the medical records keeping unit and extracting drug consumption data from the pharmacological statistics unit. Occupied bed-day were obtained from the information classification system of the medical records unit and carbapenem consumption statistics from the pharmacological information system. According to evaluation methods of the medicines, the carbapenem use was expressed as DDD/100 bed-day. In total, 203 patients were admitted to intensive care units. The most common cause of carbapenem use was pneumonia (47.8%). In total, 4928.5 grams of meropenem (equivalent to 25.319 in terms of DDD/100 bed-day) and 79.5 grams of imipenem (equivalent to 0.612 in terms of DDD/100 bed-day) were used. From a total of 709 microbial cultures, sensitivity to carbapenems was investigated in only 145 cases (20.45%). 26 cases (17.93%) had sensitivity and 119 cases (82.07%) had resistance to at least one carbapenem (meropenem and imipenem). Acinetobacter baumannii was highly prevalent. Moreover, the consumption of meropenem and imipenem was high. Therefore, there is a need to adhere to the antibiotic monitoring policy for the appropriate use of antibiotics. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Determining the Amount of Prescribing and Consumption of Colistin in the Control of Common Bacterial Infections
Mohammad Tahmasebifar Seyed Reza Abtahi Mohammad Darvishi

Colistin is used in antimicrobial resistance. The use of colistin has increased with the rise in antibiotic resistant infections. The aim of this study is the investigation of colistin consumption patterns before and after the implementation of the stewardship plan. Re More

Colistin is used in antimicrobial resistance. The use of colistin has increased with the rise in antibiotic resistant infections. The aim of this study is the investigation of colistin consumption patterns before and after the implementation of the stewardship plan. Records of patients treated with colistin in the intensive care unit, internal, orthopedics and nephrology wards of Besat Hospital were reviewed. 65 cases before the implementation of the plan and 65 cases after the implementation were evaluated and checked for prescription indications, prescribed dosage, drug interactions, prescription based on microbial sensitivity to colistin. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26. Colistin was prescribed before the plan in 23.1% of cases before microbial sensitivity assay. During the plan, in 9.2% of cases, colistin was prescribed without a culture request (p=0.027). Before the plan, there was no indication for prescribing colistin in 26.2% of patients, and during the plan, there was no indication for prescribing in 7.7% of patients (p=0.004). Before the plan, the dose of colistin was 23.1% more than the standard. During the plan, the dose of colistin was higher than the standard in 9.2% of cases (p=0.032). Before the plan, simultaneous administration of colistin with nephrotoxic drugs was in 10.8% of cases and during the plan, interaction between colistin and nephrotoxic drugs was 4.6% (p=0.16). After the plan, interactions of colistin with nephrotoxic drugs, dosage adjustment, identification of prescription indications and prescription based on culture were significantly different from before the implementation of the plan. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - The effect of PM2/5 exposure on Hormonal changes, sperm DNA fragmentation and Aquaporin9 gene methylation in Wistar testis tissue
elnaz noshadirad K parivar saeed Motesaddi Zarandi B Gorbani Yekta

Air pollution in different cities of the world, has become a one of the most important environmental problems, which the effect of its on human health, especially fertility, has been considered. This study aims to investigate the impact of PM2/5 and gas pollution on va More

Air pollution in different cities of the world, has become a one of the most important environmental problems, which the effect of its on human health, especially fertility, has been considered. This study aims to investigate the impact of PM2/5 and gas pollution on various aspects including the, sex hormone changes, sperm DNA fragmentation and also (MS-HRM) assay of aquaporin 9 gene in testis tissue. After sampling and evaluating the concentration of PM2/5 24 Wistar rats (weight 170 to 200 g ) were used. The animals were randomly divided into three equal groups including the exposure group 1 (received PM2/5 and gaseous pollutants), exposure group 2 (received gaseous pollutants), and the control group (received the air filtered). After 6 months the animals were investigated for hormonal changes such as FSH, testosterone as well as sperm DNA fragmentation and also methylation-sensitive high-resolution melting (MS-HRM) assay was performed. The data obtained showed that the serum level of FSH and testosterone are significantly increased and decreased in the exposure group 1 compared to the control group, respectively. The exposure group 2 also significantly showed lower the testosterone level than that of the control group. A significant difference was also seen in both exposure groups 1 and 2 with the control group respected to sperm DNA fragmentation. MS-HRM assays detected only hypermethylation of Exposure 1 in comparison with control group in a period of six months. Therefore, exposure to PM2/5 and gas pollutants leads to interference in the secretion of sex hormones and has a detrimental effect on sperm DNA fragmentation, resulting in disruption of male reproductive function, which is crucial in inducing infertility in males. These findings may help in identifying therapeutic targets for reducing human infertility disorders caused by exposure to PM2/5. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Investigating the effect of eugenol on the pancreas of Wistar rats with polycystic ovary syndrome induced by estradiol valerate
Zahra Kokabiyan Z Hajebrahimi P Yaghmaei S.B Jameie

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disease in women of reproductive age. The cause of PCOS is still unknown, however, studies have shown that insulin resistance plays a role in the pathogenesis of this syndrome. In addition to insulin resistan More

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disease in women of reproductive age. The cause of PCOS is still unknown, however, studies have shown that insulin resistance plays a role in the pathogenesis of this syndrome. In addition to insulin resistance, it has been shown that some women with PCOS have changes in the function of beta cells. Eugenol is a substance with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effect of eugenol on pancreatic tissue in female Wistar rats with PCOS. In this experimental study, 30 Wistar rats weighing 200±20 grams were used. To induce polycystic ovary syndrome, estradiol valerate at a dose of 4 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally for 28 days. Animals were divided into 5 groups. The control group and PCOS received normal food, the sham group received solvant, and two treatment groups with intraperitoneal injection of eugenol with doses of 12 and 24 mg/kg. Then, the pancreas of the animals was examined histologically after being fixed, prepared and stained by the H&E method. Pancreas tissue studies showed an increase in inflammatory cells, an increase in necrotic cells and an increase in destroyed islets in the PCOS group. Administration of eugenol improved the histological characteristics of the pancreas. Treatment with eugenol with doses of 12 or 24 mg/kg significantly reduced the number of inflammatory cells, necrotic cells and destroyed islets (p≤0.05). The findings showed that eugenol can be effective in improving PCOS disease and reducing its harmful effects. Manuscript profile

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