Journal of History: 5 (61)

Open Access Article

1 - Causes, trends and consequences of the establishment of nomadic Danesh-sara in 1941 decade.
alireza sangtrashan manizheh sadri hasan zandiyeh masomeh gharadaghi

The period of Mohammad Reza Shah in the way of educating the nomads of Iran promised the beginning of a new stage .Until then, the Pahlavi government and the Ministry of Culture had focused more on developing education in urban areas, and by the end of the 1940 decade, More

The period of Mohammad Reza Shah in the way of educating the nomads of Iran promised the beginning of a new stage .Until then, the Pahlavi government and the Ministry of Culture had focused more on developing education in urban areas, and by the end of the 1940 decade, most of the country's nomads were in absolute illiteracy, and the government made reforms to change this situation. The establishment of schools and educational centers in nomadic areas and then the establishment of a special nomadic Danesh-sara with the aim of training and providing teachers of their own kind who were more familiar with their spirits, temperaments and culture, was one of these measures, which is the subject of this article. This article uses a descriptive-analytical method and relying on documentary and library texts to answer the causes, trends and consequences of the establishment of nomadic Danesh-sara in the internal life of the country's tribal population. Findings indicate that in addition to the desire of nomads for education, the Pahlavi regime in order to implement development programs, sought to increase the level of literacy and awareness of the country's nomads and then to put their individual and social lives in control of central government and influence of formal education. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - A study of the influential aspects of the translation movement in the formation of the philosophical thought of Etzali thought in the interpretation of the Qur'an
ali zarinmehr

The translation movement in the era of the Abbasid Caliphate introduced Muslims to the cultural and scientific heritage of ancient nations, and through it Muslims became acquainted with Greek, Indian, Syriac, Pahlavi works. The result was the formation of the foundation More

The translation movement in the era of the Abbasid Caliphate introduced Muslims to the cultural and scientific heritage of ancient nations, and through it Muslims became acquainted with Greek, Indian, Syriac, Pahlavi works. The result was the formation of the foundations of new Islamic sciences through this scientific movement. This translation of Greek works introduced Muslims to Greek philosophy and logic, which resulted in the formation of theology and the introduction of rational interpretations of the Holy Quran. The influence of the translation movement was different in the religious sects of that time. Because the Mu'tazilites were a current of thought that was in front of the reference and considered it necessary to use reason in explaining and interpreting religious rules. He used the rational method he had chosen to interpret religious principles. One of the most important manifestations of the influence of Greek logic and philosophy on the interpretation of the Qur'an was issues such as the accidentality of the Qur'an and Fordism in the interpretation of religious texts. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - The Interaction of Political Theory and Practice in Shia Political Thought and Its Role in the Qajar Developments
Alireza Biabannavard akbar ashrafi jalal derakhshe ahmad bakhshayeshi

Looking at the historical developments of Islam, we can distinguish three tendencies around thought and action. The tendency that prioritizes action, the tendency that prioritizes theory over action, and the third tendency believe in the interaction of theory and politi More

Looking at the historical developments of Islam, we can distinguish three tendencies around thought and action. The tendency that prioritizes action, the tendency that prioritizes theory over action, and the third tendency believe in the interaction of theory and political action. Among these, Shiites belong to the third tendency. Throughout history, the Shiites have chosen various approaches, including taqiyyah, reform, and revolution, in interaction with the political environment. With the approach of the contemporary Shiite period, it has distanced itself from the approaches of Taqiyya and reform, and especially with the emergence of the Qajar and Pahlavi periods in the contemporary history of Iran, it approaches the revolutionary approach and the attempt to form an Islamic government. Here, the main question of the research is what effect the objective context and developments of the Qajar period had on the Shiite political thought in that period and how this thought influenced the political action of the Shiite scholars active in this era. The result of this article is that the objective context and developments of the Qajar government on the one hand lays the groundwork for constitutionalism and also on the other hand lays the groundwork for the Islamic Revolution. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - social status of women In the transition from pre-Islam to Umayyads
mahmood rezvanikia Mohammadnabi Salim, Ahmad Ashrafi

According to historical evidences, women in pre-Islamic Arab society enjoyed the same status and rights as other women in ancient tribal societies. When the light of Islam shone on the Arab society, the ground was set for the promotion of the social status of women, but More

According to historical evidences, women in pre-Islamic Arab society enjoyed the same status and rights as other women in ancient tribal societies. When the light of Islam shone on the Arab society, the ground was set for the promotion of the social status of women, but with the rise of the Umayyads, ignorant thoughts promoted and women were once again threatened and harmed by the patriarchal and traditional society.The present study is based on the hypothesis that "the revival of ethnic and pagan values in the Umayyad era was effective in changing the status of women from the ideal of Islam to the status of the pre-Islamic era" Historically valid to discuss how and why the revival of ethnic and pagan values in the Umayyad era and its impact on the status of women in the change from the ideal of Islam to the status of the pre-Islamic era.The result of the research shows that although Islam and were something beyond ethnic and tribal issues, but in the traditional Arab society, it was understood within the framework of tribal values and rules and became the basis of social, political and economic action. With the coming to power of the Umayyads, the pagan Arab prejudices became more apparent. The return of last era in aspects of Muslim life, especially the decline of women's status in society and the family due to the disruption of the deepening process of Islamic culture after the Prophet (PBUH) was one of its consequences. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - New research on social security of the Reza Shah era (with emphasis on socio-political liberties)
siavash shahrivar soheyla torabi farsani Ali Reza Abtahi Syavash Shahrivar

In this research, the explanation and analysis of the status of social security of the first Pahlavi era has been studied. The reign of Reza Shah, due to the government's attempt to establish a modern state and the expansion of Westernism, and the efforts of Reza Shah a More

In this research, the explanation and analysis of the status of social security of the first Pahlavi era has been studied. The reign of Reza Shah, due to the government's attempt to establish a modern state and the expansion of Westernism, and the efforts of Reza Shah and his intellectuals along with him to gain political legitimacy by linking the Pahlavi monarchy to the ancient kingdoms of Iran, is an era of effective and timely formation of intellectual foundations Iran is new. Meanwhile, nationalism, which was consolidated as one of the main ideologies of the modernization process, was conquered by the victory of the Constitutional Revolution in the political and cultural contexts of Iran, played a central role in the intellectual changes of the first Pahlavi era. The first Pahlavi government made changes In various areas of Iran's social life, among these changes, were the changes that took place in the field of social security and subsequent social insecurity. In Iran, despite efforts made in the era of Reza Shah, modernization did not lead to the creation of a modern and developed society. This article seeks to understand the causes of social insecurity, which was created in the first Pahlavi rehabilitation programs, and to answer the question of what constitutes the consequences of the Pahlavi era policies for social security and the solutions to social security in the first Pahlavi era. The research method used in this research is a descriptive method to better analyze the historical information obtained. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Historical course of the presence of shamans and shamanic beliefs in human societies
zahra paridokhtan mohamad ghaderi mohamad sharifian hosien asghari

Bedouin Shamanism, Which Has Its Roots In Tens Of Thousands Of Years Ago, Can Be Considered A Kind Of Primitive Magic And A Special Ability That Is Effective With The Help Of Spirits And Inorganic Beings In Healing The Sick And In Accidents And Misfortunes. The Shaman H More

Bedouin Shamanism, Which Has Its Roots In Tens Of Thousands Of Years Ago, Can Be Considered A Kind Of Primitive Magic And A Special Ability That Is Effective With The Help Of Spirits And Inorganic Beings In Healing The Sick And In Accidents And Misfortunes. The Shaman Had The Power To Come Out Of His Body And, With The Help Of His Guardian Spirit, Enter The Realm Of Spirits, Where He Would Destroy The Spirits That Had Caused Him Personal Illness And Suffering.In This Article, With The Aim Of Who Are The Shamans And What Are Their Characteristics, When And In What Lands Did They Appear And In Which Societies Did They Appear Or Have More Manifestations, The Historical Course Of The Presence Of Shamans And Shamanic Ritual In Different Climates And Places. Descriptive-Analytical Method And A Library With Consideration And Study Of Historical, Religious And Mystical Books And Poetic Works From The Past To The Present.The Results Show That The "Shaman" Or "Shaman" Is A Magical-Religious Phenomenon That Appeared In Primitive Societies, Including The Eskimos And The Zoroastrian Era, And Its Remnants Spread Over Much Of Central, North, Siberia, The Urals And Altai. . Shaman Has Even Been The Primary Religion Of All Mongol And Tatar Ethnic Groups And Ethnic Groups. This Culture And Beliefs Are Still Found Among Various Ethnic Groups And Communities, Including The North American Indians And The Natives Of Australia And Malaysia, And Even Iran. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Interaction of Bouyehid and Safavid rulers with religious minorities based on the approximation of religions
Ayyoub Tahmazi Hossein khosravi sohrab eslami ahmadreza behniafar ali elhami

Interaction with religious minorities is considered important in all governments, and the rulers of Buwayhid (ruled: 322-448 AH) and Safavid (ruled: 907-1148 AH) to bring religions and use the science and knowledge of this group of residents of Islamic countries to this More

Interaction with religious minorities is considered important in all governments, and the rulers of Buwayhid (ruled: 322-448 AH) and Safavid (ruled: 907-1148 AH) to bring religions and use the science and knowledge of this group of residents of Islamic countries to this Whether the subject was given special attention or not, the present study is considered a historical research in a descriptive, analytical manner and its related topics have been collected from authoritative historical sources in the form of libraries. The present article tries to examine the treatment of religious minorities by these two governments and provide a realistic picture of the Buwayhid and Safavid treatment of minorities. The results of the research show that although Al-Buwayh and Safavid were Shiite and it was natural for Shiite rulers to treat religious minorities similarly, it was the Buwayhid government that administered justice between Muslims and minorities and in most cases used them in the works; But during most of their rule, the Safavids not only did not use minorities in their court, but in most cases did not respect their rights and even treated them inhumanely. Manuscript profile

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