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Open Access Article
1 - Woman; Jalal Al Ahmad; Federico Garcia Lorca; Short Story; Play
زهره اله دادی دستجردی soodabe bashi zadehis research is a comparative study between the literature of Iran and the literature of Spain on the subject of women and his place in the family and society. The case study of this research focuses on short stories by Jalal Al Ahmad and three plays by Federico Garcia Morehis research is a comparative study between the literature of Iran and the literature of Spain on the subject of women and his place in the family and society. The case study of this research focuses on short stories by Jalal Al Ahmad and three plays by Federico Garcia Lorca with the names of Blood Wedding Names, Yerma, Bernarda Alba's House.In this comparative study, the status and role of women in the family and society in the literature of Iran and Spain are examined. To restrict the research field, Jalal Al-Ahmad's short stories and Federico Garcia Lorca's plays have been recognized as two authoritative authors in both countries. In the beginning, a brief overview of the history of life and socio-cultural activities of both writers has been presented, and the woman, his position and image have first been studied separately in each and every one of the works, and then adaptively.The following is a familiarization with the history of life and the days of Jalal al-Ahmad and Federico García Lorca; in order to become familiar with the historical, political and social context of their life, a comparative study of the status of women in their works is desirable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - The Fictionalize System in Sadegh Hedayat and William Faulkner's Short Stories
Masoumeh Hakim Atar Hakim Atar Yadollah TaleshiThe present paper attempts to know Iran and America's fiction literature much better. The purpose is to express the narrative structure of Hedayat and Faulkner's short stories. Three short stories (Three drops of blood, Dash Akol, stray dog) by Hedayat and three (a rose MoreThe present paper attempts to know Iran and America's fiction literature much better. The purpose is to express the narrative structure of Hedayat and Faulkner's short stories. Three short stories (Three drops of blood, Dash Akol, stray dog) by Hedayat and three (a rose for Emily, The dry September, Barn burning) by Faulkner are chosen. Then the story elements of fictionalize which were interested by Faulkner and Hedayat have been surveyed. The present article also studies Faulkner and Hedayat's method in characterization, dialogue, point of view, intra – text and narration. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Short Story in Iran and Egypt: Applied Study of Aliacharf Darwisaan’s story " He doen’t have " and Yusuf Idris’s “A Glance”
Majid Salehbek Fatemeh BiglaryThe literature of an era is said to be the full-vision mirror of that era and a study of the literature of each era expresses the characteristics of that given period. This is particularly more evident with the modern genres of literature such as the novel and short sto MoreThe literature of an era is said to be the full-vision mirror of that era and a study of the literature of each era expresses the characteristics of that given period. This is particularly more evident with the modern genres of literature such as the novel and short story. The Literature of any country is influenced by its political, social and cultural conditions.Iran and Egypt are not excluded from this rule. There have been writers in both countries who turned their faces towards short stories with a realistic style to express the problems of their societies. This paper has chosen two of Iranian and Egyptian writers named Ali Ashraf Darvishian and Yousef Edris, who have to some extent similar styles in writing stories, and two of their short stories; and after presenting a short biography of each, and stating the elements contributing to the advent of "short story" in these two countries, has studied and contrasted these two stories and finally stated their similarities and differences in their social thought. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - THE WORKS OF SADEGH CHUBAK AND THE HOW HE WAS AFFECTED BY THE WORKS OF ERNEST MILLER HEMINGWAY
Leila Hashemian Shahin EslamiSadegh Chubak as one of the greatest short story writers like Jalal Ale Ahmad and Sadegh Hedayat has made attempts in the promotion of simple writing and breaking the tradition of eloquence inherited from the past literature. He is a realist writer and hi MoreSadegh Chubak as one of the greatest short story writers like Jalal Ale Ahmad and Sadegh Hedayat has made attempts in the promotion of simple writing and breaking the tradition of eloquence inherited from the past literature. He is a realist writer and his stories include realities which familiarize the reader with the situation in the 14th century. His style of writing reminds the reader of the 20th century American writers in spite of having independency and being unique. The present article tries to show how Saegh Chubakhas been affected by Ernest Miller Hemingway the creator of the beautiful novel “The Old Man and The Sea” and the winner of the Nobel Prize. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Comparative Study on Magical Realism in Saedi and Márquez works
Arash Moshfeqi Elham AlaviThe present paper intends to study the elements of magical realism in Gholam Hossein Sa'edi and Gabriel García Márquez's works comparatively. Saedi – one of Iran's famous contemporary literary men in the field of story writing. Gabriel García MoreThe present paper intends to study the elements of magical realism in Gholam Hossein Sa'edi and Gabriel García Márquez's works comparatively. Saedi – one of Iran's famous contemporary literary men in the field of story writing. Gabriel García Márquez is also the one whose name is linked with magical realism and is known as avant-garde in the mentioned literature. Both authors have left similar works in this genre in which both can be seen bitter, morbid as well as satirist and nihilist. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - A study of similarities and differences of Sadegh Chubak and Edgar Allan Poe's short stories
Afsaneh Sehhati Shadman Shokravi Mahdi Farhoodi NiaSadegh Chubak is a pioneer founder of short story in Iran. Meanwhile Edgar Allan Poe is known as the founder of principles and bases of short story in the world. Chubak was the first Iranian to translate Poe's famous poem "The Raven" into Persian. The present article st MoreSadegh Chubak is a pioneer founder of short story in Iran. Meanwhile Edgar Allan Poe is known as the founder of principles and bases of short story in the world. Chubak was the first Iranian to translate Poe's famous poem "The Raven" into Persian. The present article studies the points of similarity and difference in themes and structures of their works. The results of such a comparison show that Sadegh Chubak just like Sadegh Hedayat was influenced by Allan Poe. But there are also differences between them, the most important of which is found in the themes and backgrounds of their stories. As opposed to Allan Poe, Chubak is a writer with an opposing point of view. two other structural features of Poe, are his innovations in applying minor events to the plot and imagery. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - A Study of the Bakhtinian Concept of Heteroglossia in Jamalzadeh’s “Kabaab-e Ghaaz”
Leila Hashemian Ebrahim Vasheghani Farahani Fardin SharifniaThis paper is an attempt to analyze the Bakhtinian concept of heteroglossia in Mohammad-Ali Jamalzadeh’s short story “Kabaab-e Ghaaz” (The Roasted Duck). Analysis of such features as comic style, language, contemporary reality, character zones, discour MoreThis paper is an attempt to analyze the Bakhtinian concept of heteroglossia in Mohammad-Ali Jamalzadeh’s short story “Kabaab-e Ghaaz” (The Roasted Duck). Analysis of such features as comic style, language, contemporary reality, character zones, discourse, and the author’s refraction and deviation gives the reader new insights into so far neglected or superficially considered layers and enables him/her to become more acquainted with the author’s language as well as with the relativism and dialogism of the ideological system of the story. Analysis of heteroglossia in Jamalzadeh’s works is important in that he is accredited with the beginning of realism in Iranian fiction. “Kabaab-e Ghaaz” is a comic short story and laughter, which is central to heteroglossia, acts as one of its conspicuous elements. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Comparative Study on Dirty Realism in Chubak and Carver Works
Mahdi Norouz Mojgan Tahmasebi SetoodehRealism is a literary school which became popular during 1850 and 1880 in United States of America and Europe. The most important feature of realistic works is that it introduces human as a social creature and seeks all evil and good behaviors’ roots in the societ MoreRealism is a literary school which became popular during 1850 and 1880 in United States of America and Europe. The most important feature of realistic works is that it introduces human as a social creature and seeks all evil and good behaviors’ roots in the society. Raymond Carver is one of the American most famous short story writers who is known as a pioneer in dirty realism. Sadeq Chubak is one the most effective writers of Iran’s contemporary literature which dirty realism is remarkable in his works. The present paper is a comparative research to find out the existing similarities and differences in Carver and Chubak’s works in descriptive – analytical method. The approach of the research is historical and based on the “American School” theoretical framework. By studying their works, it could be find out that both writers narrate ruins, breaking downs and lacks in humans’ life y assisting a common language. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Jabra and Short Story
Hussein Shams Abadi Mohammad JahanbinThe present article studies the short stories by Jabra Ibrahim Jabra the Iraqi writer who was born in Palestine. He is among the neo-writers of Arabic literature concerning poetry, translation, criticism and novel. His collection “Ergh and other Stories” is MoreThe present article studies the short stories by Jabra Ibrahim Jabra the Iraqi writer who was born in Palestine. He is among the neo-writers of Arabic literature concerning poetry, translation, criticism and novel. His collection “Ergh and other Stories” is one of his first experiences in story writing. His stories seem to be an introduction or a conclusion to his novel which was inspired by romantic literature and mixes romanticism, realism and symbolism. Jabra writes from the breadth of his imagination until reality is revealed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Review On The Thoughts Of Najib Mahfouz
Akbar BashiriNajib Mahfouz was born in 1911. He got his B.A in philosophy and became interested in literature. His literary life started in 1921 with writing philosophical and social articles in newspapers. His literary life can be divided into three stages: 1. The Romantic stag MoreNajib Mahfouz was born in 1911. He got his B.A in philosophy and became interested in literature. His literary life started in 1921 with writing philosophical and social articles in newspapers. His literary life can be divided into three stages: 1. The Romantic stage including the works such as "Mohabbat Al-aghdar", "Radopis" and "Kafah Tebiyyah" 2. The stage of social realities including the works such as "New Cairo". 3. The stage of philosophical realities including the works such as "our neighbors children" Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - The Emergence of Short Story and its Features in Egypt
Hossein Shamsabadi Fereshteh Afzali Gholamreza GolchinradShort story is built on a single story that have a single impact and it is a short detail of human life.The length of the short story and the time to read does not take from the listener and the reader but a short time. And that is one of the updated arts that have e MoreShort story is built on a single story that have a single impact and it is a short detail of human life.The length of the short story and the time to read does not take from the listener and the reader but a short time. And that is one of the updated arts that have emerged in the modern era and Arabs did not know this kind of story in past ages and it has no roots in the heritage of storytelling and in fact, the Arabs took it from Western literature after their relationship and their contact with the West.And the Egyptian short story has grown following the events of the First World War and it appeared with the emergence and generation of numerous conflicts in the world and the subsequent 1919 revolution after a break from French translations of short stories and explicit excerpts.And among the pioneers of the story of the early Arab is Jorji Zeydan, the forerunner of the historical story, and Jebran, the forerunner of the stories, and Mikhael Naemah, with whom have been completed the elements of the artistry stories and the pioneer character, Professor Mahmood Teymoor, the prominent short story writer. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Decoding "The River" by Zakaria Tamer
Yahya Marouf Ali Parvaneh Mehran Najafi HajivarMystification in literature is one of the methods of meaning transfer to the reader (audience) which makes the speech more attractive. Since the mystery involves different reasons and causes it is not possible consider special frame for its concepts. Mystery is the best MoreMystification in literature is one of the methods of meaning transfer to the reader (audience) which makes the speech more attractive. Since the mystery involves different reasons and causes it is not possible consider special frame for its concepts. Mystery is the best tool that a poet or author can apply it in order to express the close political and social conditions of a country. Zakaria Tamer – Syrian novelist – who has various experiences in novel writing, enjoys the mysteries in his works. "The river" is one of his mysterious stories in which he applied the mysteries in order to express his own thoughts and inner implications. This story contains some main and secondary characters who all played the role well. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Omission in Short Stories from Cohesion and Coherence Point of View
Nasim Arabi Mina ArabiOmission technique in Arabic language would be done by a verbal or abstract correlation and its aim is to avoid the exhausting repetitions and make the context more attractive. This technique has other goals which is its main role in maximum shortening and make it more MoreOmission technique in Arabic language would be done by a verbal or abstract correlation and its aim is to avoid the exhausting repetitions and make the context more attractive. This technique has other goals which is its main role in maximum shortening and make it more comprehensive; in other word it intends to fortify the text by long and numerous concepts with short amount. On the other hand the theorists analyze the Cohesion and Coherence theory by an up to date view and have found remarkable effects of this technique on other elements of the text. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Innovation of Yousof Edris in short story
Hasan Majidi Mohammad Amin Roodini Ayeshe BeganjiThe revolution of 1919 and its positive and negative results reflex on the story’s form and subject. In this period, people were interested to draw events and reflect political and social events of society in their works. They want no more to see their desired MoreThe revolution of 1919 and its positive and negative results reflex on the story’s form and subject. In this period, people were interested to draw events and reflect political and social events of society in their works. They want no more to see their desired world in phantom and dream, because their information to problems of society had increased and they had acquired sufficient statement ability and self- confidence. Yusof Edris is one who his stories is showing the periodُ s literary and social particulars. He was known as literary Innovator with effecting from environment and translated stories of West and with creating stories by novel method and subjects. . Tendency of Yusof Edris is real. He has gone various processes noticed from society changes i. e. his realistic manner have also changed on the spur of the Societyُ s conditions which are these stages in order: Romance realism, critical realism, cryptic realism… Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Syrian Short Stories in thirties and middle forties
Fatemeh KhaliliThe present article is an attempt to review the Syrian Short Storyfrom the period between 1931 to 1947 and its development. Syrian Short Stories in this period are affected by cultural, political and historical events.The present article is an attempt to review the Syrian Short Storyfrom the period between 1931 to 1947 and its development. Syrian Short Stories in this period are affected by cultural, political and historical events. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - The Position of Palestinian Literature in Jabra Ibrahim Jabra's Works
Hussein Shamsabadi fereshteh afzali Asghar Moulavi Nafchi Parviz Lakzaeeyan FakoorJabra Ibrahim Jabra, one of the most prolific Arab authors, has enriched the Arabic library and the mind of his audience by first functioning as a link in a rich chain of past cultural, artistic, and literary heritage; and second by reflecting the modern Arab intellectu MoreJabra Ibrahim Jabra, one of the most prolific Arab authors, has enriched the Arabic library and the mind of his audience by first functioning as a link in a rich chain of past cultural, artistic, and literary heritage; and second by reflecting the modern Arab intellectual's classical mindset. He has a multifaceted career as a short story writer, novelist, critic, poet, playwright, and painting. His fictional style has scarcely been studied. He has printed seven novels and one story collection. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - An analysis of evolution and formation of Maghamat
Mohammad MoradiMaghameh is one of the literary styles that has been created in the fourth century. The present article studies various aspects of this literary style. First it defines it and then studies its formation and growth followed by its characteristics, sources and different v MoreMaghameh is one of the literary styles that has been created in the fourth century. The present article studies various aspects of this literary style. First it defines it and then studies its formation and growth followed by its characteristics, sources and different views on it. It attempts to study Malek Al Shoara Bahar’s works and his goals in using Maghameh, affects and similes in his poetry. Also the affects of Persian and Arabic literati from Badi’ Al Zaman and his knowledge has been studied. At the end of the article Persian and new Arabic Maghamt has been introduced. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - A Study on the Story Thresholds in Bozorg Alavi’s Short Stories (Based on Robert Funk's theory)
amin banitalebi masoud foroozandeh jahangir safari Esmail SadegeThe world of short stories includes the characters and events in which they are created, and the ultimate goal of any writer is to persuade the reader to enter this creative world. The entrance that opens the way for the reader to enter and be drawn to this imaginary wo MoreThe world of short stories includes the characters and events in which they are created, and the ultimate goal of any writer is to persuade the reader to enter this creative world. The entrance that opens the way for the reader to enter and be drawn to this imaginary world is the threshold of the story. Bozorg Alavi is one of the storytellers who has played a significant role in the evolution of short stories and the spread of critical realism insight, and in this regard, he has tried, especially in his early stories, to pay attention to modern storytelling techniques, including paying informed artists. Drawing on elements such as mystery and ambiguity, dialogue, conflict and indicative scenes evoke the reader's attention and interest. In the present study, the author, after a brief analysis of the theories presented in the field of storytelling, seeks to rely on Robert Funk's theory and add adverbs to it, using a descriptive-analytical method, after determining the beginning and end of the threshold of great short stories. Alavi and the mechanisms of their beginning, examine the initial sentences of the stories and, if necessary, point out their strengths and weaknesses. The results indicate that the great Alavi in his stories paid special attention to the combination of beginning and beginning with staging, and most of his storytelling skills were reflected in the initial staging section. Also, among the tricks of how to finish the threshold, he paid the most attention to the details of the story, which is the central focus of the narrative "clarity", but in this way, due to the rupture between the threshold and the middle of the story, he did not act very craftily. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - An Investigation of the Selected Linguistic Tricks (Vocabulary and Expressions), Fiction (Spatialization) and Content (Dreaming) in Short Stories by Female Writers from the 70s to the 90s
Fatemeh Ahmadi Mohammad MoradiThe study of women's storytelling and common techniques in their works has been one of the topics of interest in contemporary fiction research. However, Previous research has mainly focused on the study of women's novels, the collection of short stories by leading femal MoreThe study of women's storytelling and common techniques in their works has been one of the topics of interest in contemporary fiction research. However, Previous research has mainly focused on the study of women's novels, the collection of short stories by leading female writers has been less well-researched, especially in recent decades. Hence, a collection of short stories selected from 9 female authors in the literary awards of the 70s to 90s (three authors per decade) was selected and their short stories were analyzed according to the three linguistic tricks (words and expressions), Fiction (atmosphere) and content (dreaming). Furthermore, the evolution of such techniques have been analyzed and compared in the last three decades. The results of the study show that as we move from the 1970s to the 1990s, female writers have used feminine words and expressions less frequently in their short stories. Contrary to the linguistic course of the stories, from the perspective of creating a space, the writers of the stories of the 90s have used home spaces more than other decades (80s and 70s, respectively). In addition, among the home spaces, the most emphasis has been given to sad spaces. In terms of the content element of dreaming, the stories of the 70s differ from other decades, and in the 90s and 80s, this element had little representation in women's stories, a point that may be due to the escape from romantic concepts and a tendency towards realism in the short stories of these two decades. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Sociological Criticism of the Short Story Collection Scattered Memories by Goli Taraghi
Mansooreh Bagheri Mazraeh Abdol Reza Modarres ZadehThe sociological criticism of literature is a scientific discipline which initially tries to extract social issues through the literary works by focusing on the content. The contemporary Hungarian thinker, George Lukacs, made major changes in this discipline. In L MoreThe sociological criticism of literature is a scientific discipline which initially tries to extract social issues through the literary works by focusing on the content. The contemporary Hungarian thinker, George Lukacs, made major changes in this discipline. In Lucien Goldmann's genetic structuralism approach, based on Lukacs’s views, the aesthetic techniques of the text in parallel with it’s content are studied and the overall structure of the story and the structures of society that story developed in, correspond to each other. With regard to the fact that intended research field of the present research is social novel, this article is going to deal with the short story in a descriptive-analytical way with genetic structuralism approach and by the case of study of Scattered Memories by Goli Taraghi, and seeks to explore how society is represented in the imaginary world of a short story collection. The results show that although none of the stories happened at the same time, this book approximately is in line with the events of Iran milieu after the revolution and after the war, in content and form. Moreover, by expressing the consequences of prejudice in the first decade of the revolution and the consequences of modernity in the second decade, it implicitly, invites the audience to pluralism and to avoid luxury. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - A Critique of the Short Story "General Amnesty" by Bozorg Alavi in the Light of Sociological Theory of Emile Durkheim's Punishment
Leila Khayatan Farzaneh Yousef Ghanbari Nasim Khajehzadeh Masoud KheradmandpourBozorg Alavi is one of the greatest contemporary novelists who has played a significant role in the development of short stories in contemporary literature. In all his stories, he has critically addressed various issues of society. One of Alavi’s short stories is MoreBozorg Alavi is one of the greatest contemporary novelists who has played a significant role in the development of short stories in contemporary literature. In all his stories, he has critically addressed various issues of society. One of Alavi’s short stories is the story of “general amnesty”. In this story, the author depicts the social realities and changes of that time. In this research, an attempt has been made to adapt the issues criticized in this story to Durkheim's sociological theory of punishment. Emile Durkheim thinks about punishment that punishment has the function of integrating society. In his view, when a crime occurs, the values and morals of society are violated. As a result, society feels threatened and reacts. Punishment is the emotional and natural reaction of society to the defect of collective values. In this research, the author intends to study the short story "General Amnesty" by Bozorg Alavi based on Durkheim's sociological theory of punishment in an analytical-descriptive and library method. The results show that although punishments change over time their origins will not change. From this point of view, the change of punishments is, in a way, the adaptation of the punishment to the collective conscience of the time. In fact, as society changes, so does punishment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - An Analysis and Interpretation of Bozorg Alavi’s Dezashoub Based on the Sociology of Content Theory
meysam zare jahangir safariBozorg Alavi is among those great Iranian writers who play a significant role in the evolution and development of short story writing in Iranian contemporary literature. Taking a critical realism approach in his stories, Alavi writes about the society and lets his reade MoreBozorg Alavi is among those great Iranian writers who play a significant role in the evolution and development of short story writing in Iranian contemporary literature. Taking a critical realism approach in his stories, Alavi writes about the society and lets his readers to know about the community in which he used to live. Dezashoub is among his stories which reflect the changing milieu of his time. The present research has tried, via a descriptive-analytical approach, to consider the story of Dezashoub based on the sociology of content theory to unveil how the social life of people may change. The research revealed despite the fact that after modern social developments rural girls have found the opportunity to leave their village for big cities in order to enjoy schooling and higher education, they never go back to live in their villages, because the huge difference between the rural and urban facilities as well as the altered culture and lifestyle make them prefer the new urban life over their previous rural one. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - The Function of Language in Characterization as Applied in Sadeq Hedayat’s Short Stories
Fateme Heydari Nasrin NaseriOne of the touchstones to appraise the value and the durability of literary fiction is the appropriateness between the function of language and its users, i.e. fictional characters. Language has a close relationship with the paralinguistic and social propositions such a MoreOne of the touchstones to appraise the value and the durability of literary fiction is the appropriateness between the function of language and its users, i.e. fictional characters. Language has a close relationship with the paralinguistic and social propositions such as social status, age, gender, education, environment, job and hierarchy of authority. Sadeq Hedayat’s works are the inherent part of Iranian contemporary fiction. As the title of this paper may suggest, his works are worth to be studied in that sense. This paper explores, through an analytic-descriptive approach, the relationship between the function of language and Hedayat’s characters while considering the paralinguistic and social propositions. It also argues that Hedayat has been aware of the paralinguistic and social propositions and successful in applying them in characterization of his stories. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - A Study of Bijan Najdi's Lyric Story of Wet Tuesday based on Eileen Baldeshwiler Theory
Mona Aramfar Ashraf Chegini Mohammadali ShafaeiThe vast field of fictional literature covers points and themes, each of which, due to its eloquence relations, has a wide range of various elements and themes. In the meantime, the study of these stories according to ideas of theorists, is a firm step in the way of cri MoreThe vast field of fictional literature covers points and themes, each of which, due to its eloquence relations, has a wide range of various elements and themes. In the meantime, the study of these stories according to ideas of theorists, is a firm step in the way of criticizing and analyzing texts in terms of discovering the internal elements of the text. Eileen Baldeshwiler is one of the theorists who has been able to present various relationships in the stories by emphasis on five principles of revelation of lyric stories. Therefore, in the present study, we decided to explain Bijan Najdi's story of Wet Tuesday according to the ideas of this theorist. The result of research in this field was that the Wet Tuesday that benefits of appropriate elements and themes, paves a good way for critique and analysis of lyrical principles. Hence, in the process of explaining this story according to the ideas of Eileen Baldeshwiler we can observe deep subjectivism on the basis of widespread anachronism and intersection of the emotional curve with the symbols and the intellectual challenges of the characters in the dreamy and mental images, The story is open ended and the author does not inform the reader of the fate and final of the hero. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - the image of the Intellectual character inshort stories by the Iranian writer, Goli Taraghi
Yadollah Malayeri Naser Ghasemi Kamal Baghjari Hadi HaghgooanAbstract In this research- through purposeful reading of Goli Taraghi’s works such as ‘I am “Ch” Guevara too’ (1969), ‘Scattered memories’ (1992), ‘Another place’ (2000), ‘Tow worlds’ (2002), ‘Anot MoreAbstract In this research- through purposeful reading of Goli Taraghi’s works such as ‘I am “Ch” Guevara too’ (1969), ‘Scattered memories’ (1992), ‘Another place’ (2000), ‘Tow worlds’ (2002), ‘Another chance’ (2014)- the characters of the intellectuals in Farsi short stories are reflected. Based on their opinions, sayings, side takings in front of the mass and rulers and feedbacks- giving the fact that these feedbacks are the result of the natural contrast between tradition and modernism, the intellectuals are classified in this survey as well. In this study, the immaturity of the intellectual’s character and her doubt about tradition and modernism is also revealed as the main feature of her personality. As it turns out, in Goli Taraghi’s works, in many cases, the intellectuals give up their creed due to the pressure of the power centers. On the other hand, the mass, get used to the everyday life, and choose personal profit over social responsibility. According to what mentioned, the intellectuals are divided into four groups: 1) indifferent, 2) excluded, 3) professional, 4) disable to connect to the mass. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Ahmad Mahmud's Short Stories Morphology
Mahdi Mahoozi Shabnam LajvardizadehAhmed Mahmud is one of the most prominent Iranian writers in recent decades. He began his work with writing the short story entitled “Sob Mishe” and continued with” Mool”. He received a position among top rank writers with writing the novel   MoreAhmed Mahmud is one of the most prominent Iranian writers in recent decades. He began his work with writing the short story entitled “Sob Mishe” and continued with” Mool”. He received a position among top rank writers with writing the novel Hamsayeha. Many critics have criticized and studied his works and often dealt with the content of his stories. The paper first addresses form and structure briefly and then looks at Ahmad Mahmud's works and his writing style. In the main part of the paper, morphology of Ahmad Mahmud's 23 short stories in the collection of “az Mosafer ta Tabkhal” is investigated and analyzed in plan and plot, viewing point of view, narrator, characterization, the beginning and the end to show how the author narrates fate of urban poor classes in his stories through applying descriptive language and structural components of story harmonically. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Short Story in Arabic and Persian Literature: Case Study of Literary Works by Abd-al-Samee'a Bensaber and Javad Saeedipour
Abd- al-Ali Alebooyeh Langeroodi Zoheir Jansiz Vesam Roomieh Short story is one of the newborn literary genres that has drawn special attention of literary men and researchers to itself in recent years because of its general effect on literature and its special influence on reader of a literary work. This articl More Short story is one of the newborn literary genres that has drawn special attention of literary men and researchers to itself in recent years because of its general effect on literature and its special influence on reader of a literary work. This article investigates short story comparatively in Arabic and Persian literature. The aim of this paper is to discover latent aspects of short story in Persian and Arabic literature. The authors are going to compare short story in the two languages through studying factors related to birth of short story and also the opinion of critics in this literary field. Findings of this research show that critics of both languages agree to some extent about definition of short story and its narrative elements. This important conclusion has been obtained through analyzing samples of short stories in Arabic and Persian literature. And these critics have considered various names for this literary genre. The only difference existing in short story is its length. According to analytical- descriptive approach and library sources, the present study is to recognize narrative elements in elected samples and to define quality of its application in order to show how narrative spirit has been actualized in it. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - The Representation of West and East in Goli Taraghqi’s “Amineh’s Long Journey” and Ghada al-Samman “Write: I am not An Arab Woman”
Somaye Aghajani Yadollah MalayeriThis comparative study throws light upon common and uncommon points in drawing of the west and the east images. The study uses achievements of both American and Russian schools in comparative literature. Across this study we see that similar conditions of life in both A MoreThis comparative study throws light upon common and uncommon points in drawing of the west and the east images. The study uses achievements of both American and Russian schools in comparative literature. Across this study we see that similar conditions of life in both Arab and Iranian societies make texts similar: a consideration between human, especially women, status in Iran and Arab region. In the two stories, the East appears to be a place of violence and social and political repression, while the West is a shelter from oppression against women. What distinguishes the two texts in relation to the East and West is that Ghadaal-Samman describes in her story the cliché image of the East from the perspective of a Westerner, and deals with the identity crisis of the Arab human, where he sees himself in two different cultures while these two points were ignored by Taraghi in her text. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Studying MinimmalistStory and its Elements in Holy Quran
Jalal Marami Mina ArabiMinimalist story is a kind of very short story that is summarized sometimes in some lines and sometimes in one page. It tells a short event and in addition includes deep contents.Studying verses of Holy Quran we can see stories in different forms and lengths. Meanwhile MoreMinimalist story is a kind of very short story that is summarized sometimes in some lines and sometimes in one page. It tells a short event and in addition includes deep contents.Studying verses of Holy Quran we can see stories in different forms and lengths. Meanwhile there are some storiesthat are not more than some lines in lengthso it is possible for the researcher to evaluate these stories based on technical standards of short story. If short story nature of these Koranic versesis proved, the popular view i.e. short story is western and modern will be questionedand marginalized. Defining short story, counting its features and comparing it with fictional samples from some Sura of Holy Quran including Al-Baqareh, Al-Hejr, Al-Nahl, and Al-Yasin, we investigate hypothesis of short story existence in Quran. The study shows theseKoranicsamples are short and tell a short event and include compact and great concepts in addition to shortness. Also they have main features of short story although complementary features can be recognized in them. Achieving this resultconfirms thehypothesisof the article and represents Islamic nature of short story origins. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Analysis of social allegories in the short story "Life Water" (Ab Zendegi) and "The case of the Antichrist Donkey" (Qazieh Khar Dajal) by Sadegh Hedayat
leila khayatan farzaneh Yosef- ghanbary nasim khajeh zadeh masood kheradmand pour. The study of reflection of literary elites thoughts has an effective way of evolving people public opinions by expression's art. The analysis of short stories based on the figure of speech used in them, in addition to receiving the delicacies of the role of the langua More. The study of reflection of literary elites thoughts has an effective way of evolving people public opinions by expression's art. The analysis of short stories based on the figure of speech used in them, in addition to receiving the delicacies of the role of the language element, appears as a dynamic phenomenon in the political and social conditions of its time. An article with the subject and title of social allegory analysis has not been found in stories and articles, but with the general title of fictional allegory; two scientific documents have been written in articles and dissertations. To write the article has been used sources such as books, literary sites and related articles. The research method in this article is based on descriptive-analytical method. First, there is a summary of the selected short stories, and then some of the allegories used are analyzed by content. Wherever the audience of popular literary works is people, more tangible and smooth type of literature such as allegory is usually used. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Anaiysis of allegory in Persian short story Reiying on the story of "My batton eyes" by Bijan
fereshteh naseriModern short story is a new form of writing stories that allows the writers of our time to explore the issues of life in the new age with techniques and practices appropriate to the modern period, regardless of the constraints of the limitations of realism and naturalis MoreModern short story is a new form of writing stories that allows the writers of our time to explore the issues of life in the new age with techniques and practices appropriate to the modern period, regardless of the constraints of the limitations of realism and naturalism. Hence, modern short stories tended towards poetry and lyric writing. One of the most important features of this type of storytelling is turning to allegory. Allegory has a strong connection with narrative and the first mythical narratives have been called narrative allegory. The allegory shows that the lyrical short story is related to something outside the world of senses and sensory phenomena. The story of "My Button Eyes" is one of Bijan Najdi's lasting stories. This beautiful and influential story, in the language of a puppet, describes the story of the Iraqi invasion of Khorramshahr. This research examines the allegory in the short story "My Button Eyes" in an analytical way and acquaints the reader with the allegory and the allegorical short story. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - “Epigrammatic mechanisms in short stories written by Jalal Al-E-Ahmad”
Hossein Behzadi Andoohjerdi Maryam ShadmohamadiOne of the industrious Iranian authors in 1340s (1960s) is Jalal Al-E-Ahmad, who has challenged social, political and ideological issues in his works for several times, and criticism against social problems could be observed not only in his essays and other writings, bu MoreOne of the industrious Iranian authors in 1340s (1960s) is Jalal Al-E-Ahmad, who has challenged social, political and ideological issues in his works for several times, and criticism against social problems could be observed not only in his essays and other writings, but also in his short stories. Of five published collections of his short stories, four are the stories which are benefited from epigrammatic elements. At all these collections, Al-E-Ahmad has criticized public affliction, retardation, prevalence of superstitious beliefs, individuals’ indifference toward community and citizens, backdoor policy and inappropriate methods for campaign against fame-longing, vanishing cultural originalities and religious dogmas within these stories and to purpose such themes, he has adopted satiric framework like many other critic works. In addition to benefiting from satire as themes of his stories, Al-E-Ahmad utilizes verbal epigram (Satire in tale narrative’s interpretation or its main characters) and for this purpose, he employs epigrammatic mechanisms to serve on the given story. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Woman Role in the Short Stories Collection of Razieh Tojjar
Maryam Zare Pastaki Zad Narges JaberinasabThe purpose of this research is woman role in Razieh Tojjar short stories collection. In this research woman role and social position in Persian contemporary story writing is surveyd through descriptive- analytic method. Data analysis is based on qualitive analysis and MoreThe purpose of this research is woman role in Razieh Tojjar short stories collection. In this research woman role and social position in Persian contemporary story writing is surveyd through descriptive- analytic method. Data analysis is based on qualitive analysis and description of data content. In our studies, it is specified that Razieh Tojjar is one of the authors who has found special position in story writing. Field in recent two decades. The heros of her more stories are women and the main theme is women problems. In this article according to women role, analysis of speech and behaviou characters in her eight collections of short story, women are in the focus and under dominance of patriarchy system, they have no identity and personality independence. They are constantly threatened and don`t trust on any support. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Structural analysis of Three Short Stories of Shahryar Mandanipour (Sharghe banafshe, Shaame Sarv o Atash, and NarBanoo)
Mohammad Hossein Khanmohammadi Teymoor Malmir Golaleh MoradiToday, structuralism is one of current approaches to studying literary texts. Critics analyze literary texts to component parts by using this method. On other hand, they dispose superficial meaning to arrive virtual meaning and deep structure. In this research, by using MoreToday, structuralism is one of current approaches to studying literary texts. Critics analyze literary texts to component parts by using this method. On other hand, they dispose superficial meaning to arrive virtual meaning and deep structure. In this research, by using structuralism theories of theorist (Barthes, Bremond, and Todorov), three series of short stories of Shahryar Mandanipour (Abi mavaraye behar, Mahe nimrouz and Sharghe banafshe) has been investigated and identified simplicity and complexity of narration, the kind of narrator and deep structure of stories. Shahryar Mandanipour, is one of the writers of short story in Iran that belongs to third generation. By relying on the element of language, and new method of writing story, he has created prominent works in short story and novel genres. Deep structure of Mandanipour stories mainly consists of purports such as death and life, love and hate, war and its consequences, unhealthy relations between humane and etc. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Comparing Realistic and Modernistic Component Styles with Special Refrence to Ahmad Mahmoud and Mostafa Mostour Short Stories
Manouchehr Tashakori Parvin Golizade Nasrollah Emami Parvane HolousiIran’s south realm with cultural diversity and its special nature is an extra ordinary revelation source for story landscaping. Existence of Sea, large river, palm grove, oil and industry and even heat, which is south original back drop, has yielded that this regi MoreIran’s south realm with cultural diversity and its special nature is an extra ordinary revelation source for story landscaping. Existence of Sea, large river, palm grove, oil and industry and even heat, which is south original back drop, has yielded that this region’s writers utilize the God’s blessing in their works and with this method give their work a kind of style recognition. Actually Khuseztan as one of the most important poles for ecological literature in Iran after revolution and war sustained huge loss because of its writers’ immigration. Also according to political, economic, and social transition speed and as it follows cultural transformation in recent decades, the necessity of investigating these transitions, particularly in literature is sensed more than before. In glance to recent years’ fiction, distancing of this type of literature from realism school is evident and undeniable. It is incontrovertible that the old story writing methods are not responsive to the contemporary human’s mental requirements and psychotic difficulties also changing these methods seem inevitable. Concomitant with emergence of modern and postmodern art and literature in other countries, these literary works has attracted attention and was criticized and investigated. Unfortunately, in Iran critical and essential discussion has been seldom and has opened the arena for unprofessional and tactfully critiques. Therefore, the aim of the presented research is comparing the realism and modernism style constituents with emphasis on short stories of Ahmad Mahmoud and Moustafa Mastour. The research method is analytic-descriptive methodology. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Examining and comparing the ways of representing the social position of "female characters" in the short story 20
نجمه najmeh alireza shabanlu Abdolhossein FarzadFictional literature in Iran has focused its attention on representing the realities of Iranian society from the very beginning of its formation. With a quick look at the works of fiction from the twenties to the fifties, the audience can clearly see the influence of re MoreFictional literature in Iran has focused its attention on representing the realities of Iranian society from the very beginning of its formation. With a quick look at the works of fiction from the twenties to the fifties, the audience can clearly see the influence of realism in the heart and text of the stories. The main reason for this approach in fiction literature is the political and social structure and conditions that govern Iran. The present study tries to answer the main question in a descriptive-analytical way, that according to the realist view that prevailed in the short story in the twenties, what image did the male writers draw of "woman" and her "social position" at this historical moment? are The statistical population of this research is the short stories written by Ebrahim Golestan, Bozor Alavi and Mahmoud Etemadzadeh in this decade. The findings of the research show that "female" characters in these stories are often mentioned as secondary characters and their processing method is in a way that is related to other characters. It seems that none of the "female" characters are directly introduced in these stories and their "actions", "thoughts" and "speech" are the main tools of the authors. They are to introduce these characters to the reader. These women have different names; but they have common characteristics that they are condemned to suffer and finally surrender due to economic, cultural and political anomalies. In general, although these "women" have been represented differently in some cases; the overall picture presented of them under the influence of the realistic view of short story writers in the twenties has many points in common with each other. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - The Effect of Mental Imagery Strategy Instruction on Reading Comprehension of EFL Students
Kambiz Poushaneh Giti Berenj Foroush Azar -
Open Access Article
38 - Reading Achievement of Short Stories as a Way of Literature Incorporation and Improving Iranian Students' Grammatical and Vocabulary Knowledge
Akram Shekarian Behzadi Azar Bagheri Masoudzade -
Open Access Article
39 - Analysis of the short story "Sabr kon Allah Ti Ti" by Qasim Kashkoli with the theory of "Eileen Baldeshwiler"
zahra eshaghi sakineh garivani ahmad foroozanfarPoetic or lyrical short story is considered as one of the types of postmodern story, so; Eileen Baldschweiler's theory of the mentality and the inner world of the characters is narrated with a direct and direct image and with a lyrical language, and it shows the mental MorePoetic or lyrical short story is considered as one of the types of postmodern story, so; Eileen Baldschweiler's theory of the mentality and the inner world of the characters is narrated with a direct and direct image and with a lyrical language, and it shows the mental states and ups and downs of the feelings and emotions of the main character about a specific issue. The purpose of thisim Kashkoli, based on Eileen Baldeshwiler's theory. The present research has been collected by descriptive-analytical method and by referring to the library and gathering information. The results of the research indicate that the author has made the emotional emotions and the inner world of the main character bolder with the method of expressing external events, and in this way expresses different associations. Concise and lyrical language is one of the author's skills in writing this story. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - Morphology of the short story Yad fi al-Qabar by Ghassan Kanfani based on the theory of Vladimir Propp
Ezzat Mollaebrahimi Parastoo Bahmani AlvaresThe story can play an influential role in conveying various political, social, cultural, economic concepts. Contemplation in stories and accuracy in the sequence of events in it helps the audience to better understand its concepts. Examining the narrative structure of t MoreThe story can play an influential role in conveying various political, social, cultural, economic concepts. Contemplation in stories and accuracy in the sequence of events in it helps the audience to better understand its concepts. Examining the narrative structure of the short story will reveal the hidden relationships in its infrastructure and reveal the structure and form of the story better. One of the prominent methods of examining fictional texts is the analysis of the structure of stories from the morphological point of view of Vladimir Propp - a famous Russian anthropologist and linguist. Although Propp has defined certain functions for fairy tales, this model can be adapted to other types of stories. What, Propp's systematic mind was constantly seeking to structure the stories and put them in a certain framework. The current research aims to evaluate and analyze and explain the short story. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - Modern narrative techniques in the cheetah story series that ran with me
homa hooshyar reza sadeghi shahpar ghahreman shiriOne of the keys to unraveling the complexities and understanding or obscuring of modern stories is to understand the narrative style and storytelling techniques. Each story generates unique questions and answers associated with narrative practices. Choosing and Creating MoreOne of the keys to unraveling the complexities and understanding or obscuring of modern stories is to understand the narrative style and storytelling techniques. Each story generates unique questions and answers associated with narrative practices. Choosing and Creating the Narrative Style opens up to the author among the old or recurring concepts and themes of the narrative - a new world. Bijan Najdi is one of the contemporary modernist storytellers who has special techniques in storytelling, and these particular techniques distinguish his stories from those of other contemporary storytellers. In the present article, Bijan Najdi's collection of cheetahs that ran with me is examined from the perspective of modern narrative techniques. The research results show that he used modern narrative techniques such as: narrative narrative, plural narrative, and delirious narrative, use of cinematic techniques, angle of view rotation, and so on. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - The Story of More Charming Than Green; A Narrative and Mystical Analaysis
Masumeh Hāmidoost Ahmad RaziIn analyzing Iranian mystical literature, the critics and literary scholars have mainly focused on Persian poems, but in recent decades, prose writings, especially short stories, have played an important role in reflecting mystical beliefs, deeds and doctrines. More cha MoreIn analyzing Iranian mystical literature, the critics and literary scholars have mainly focused on Persian poems, but in recent decades, prose writings, especially short stories, have played an important role in reflecting mystical beliefs, deeds and doctrines. More charming than green, written by Ali Moazzeni, is one of these short stories. The aim of present article is to analyze the story by using descriptive method. The story is considered in three levels: theme, literary images and narrative method, in order to show that how mystical concepts have been reconstructed in the story. In this story, the concepts like spiritual journey (suluk), self-knowledge, God's testing, peace and friendship, saintship, unity of vision and ease of mind have joined with religious issues and mystical themes and have been presented in new forms. Using literary images and different methods of narration associated with mystical themes have led to coherence of the story. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Raciting Shahnameh, in Passing from myth to tale for children
Roghieh SheibanifarThis research deals with the investigation of how Shahnameh is used for today’s children based on the theory of “Shahnameh moving from myth to tale”. The essence of Shahnameh containing a period of Iran’s mythological history, is based upon the P MoreThis research deals with the investigation of how Shahnameh is used for today’s children based on the theory of “Shahnameh moving from myth to tale”. The essence of Shahnameh containing a period of Iran’s mythological history, is based upon the Persian myths which with passage of time have turned into allegories in Shahnameh and have left their positive and negative characteristics in the mysteries, secrets, symbols and messages of the stories some of which do not correspond with the children’ world. Therefore, for familiarizing children with the stories of Shahnameh it seems appropriate to put aside the negative characteristics of myths as far as child’s culture is concerned and concentrate on the positive aspects and in this way sections of the story in a format of a short story can artistically and literarily be presented to them in a simple language. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Moulana and Minimalism (Study of Minimalistic stories in Divan Shams)
Ramin Sadeghi NejadRegarding literary theory and criticism, it is customary to believe that one can only apply them to contemporary texts. However criticism is a scientific tool and every text, whether classic or contemporary, from the modern perspective is prone to criticism and ex MoreRegarding literary theory and criticism, it is customary to believe that one can only apply them to contemporary texts. However criticism is a scientific tool and every text, whether classic or contemporary, from the modern perspective is prone to criticism and examination. One of the literary genres which has undergone significant changes over the recent years is the short story and a new offshoot of storytelling which becomes shorter and more concise each day is termed minimalism and as the name suggests in Farsi it is named and . They both share common characteristics. In rich classic Persian literature whether in prose or poetry, there are numerous anecdotes and stories which in many respects fall into the category of minimalistic stories. The present article is an attempt to present and examine examples of such stories fromMoulana’s Divan Kabir. Manuscript profile
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