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Open Access Article
1 - Translation of the foundation for the formation of the constitution in Iran
anis porkhosravaniAbstract: The translation of various texts in today's form started from the Qajar era. The movement of Iranians to Europe for business, the sending of students to Europe, the education of Iranian students in the West, the establishment of Dar al-Funun, and the teaching MoreAbstract: The translation of various texts in today's form started from the Qajar era. The movement of Iranians to Europe for business, the sending of students to Europe, the education of Iranian students in the West, the establishment of Dar al-Funun, and the teaching of European teachers there showed the need for translation more and more. Familiarization with institutions of parliament, court and legislative terms, democracy as well as modernism, urban development, industry and most importantly the thoughts and attitudes of Europeans by Iranian scholars in Europe and some Iranian employees of European embassies, the field of attention of Iranians to social and cultural differences and provided political relations with European countries, and the Iranians' turning to the translation of scientific texts and various European achievements paved the way for political and social reforms and the establishment of the rule of law. In this article, it is intended; In a theoretical way and with a descriptive-analytical method, the role and place of translation in the creation of political and social developments leading to the formation of the constitutional revolution, the formation of the parliament and the drafting of the constitution in Iran will be investigated. The results of this research show that; In a period of time, translation has been able to serve social reforms and lay the groundwork for the formation of the constitution in Iranian society. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - The Reforms by Kamal-Al Din Muhammad Khazin Saldjukid Minister in Irak
amir abdollahi esmaeeil hasanzadehThe bureaucratic system of Saldjukid era, with its functionality and legality, had a high position and importance. The situation was mainly achieved through capability and capacity of political elite who occupied the posts. In fact, they played an important role i MoreThe bureaucratic system of Saldjukid era, with its functionality and legality, had a high position and importance. The situation was mainly achieved through capability and capacity of political elite who occupied the posts. In fact, they played an important role in strengthening and sometimes weakening it. Kamal al-din Muhammad Khazin was one of those elites who occupied a ministry position, because of his characteristics, abilities, individual skills, ideas and tendency to reform and successful experience in the bureaucratic system. He tried to resolve a part of political, economic and social crisis in Sultan Mas’ud reign (529-547 AH) by undertaking the reforms. Even though he made reforming efforts rapidly to tackle financial, social, and political challenges, Kamal al-din had to encounter his rival political elites. They considered his reforming efforts to be in disagreement with their own personal benefits and interests, and finally killed him Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Providing optimal model of Public Administration Reform in Iran (Case Study: Pension and Compensation System)
mohammadreza pourmand morteza mosa khani reza najafbigi afsaneh zamani moghadamIn this research, the researchers sought to formulate a desirable model of public administration reform in the Iranian Pension and Service Compensation System. To elaborate and develop a desirable model, the structural equation modeling technique with LISREL software wa MoreIn this research, the researchers sought to formulate a desirable model of public administration reform in the Iranian Pension and Service Compensation System. To elaborate and develop a desirable model, the structural equation modeling technique with LISREL software was used to confirm the desirable situation. By comparing the current and desirable situation with the 23 items in the final stage, the results showed that there are many differences between the existing situation and the desirable one which need to be further worked out and planned in the 23 departments of workers 'and employers' representation in the formulation process. And enacting laws, empowering employees with trust funds Meeting, developing up-to-date regulations, creating think-tanks with investors and entrepreneurs, forecasting the process and results of the financial balance to take action, preparing transparency charts, estimating the financial risks of changing unemployment rates, rates Employment and changing retirement conditions to minimize future costs, long-term planning, paying attention to maintaining and enhancing the quality of services provided to retirees, engaging key stakeholders, including government, parliamentarians, ongoing item review. Macroeconomics (such as inflation) on the amount of pensioners' wages, the proportion of c Allowance for retirement benefits regardless of gender, etc. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Economic and Social Consequences of Changing the Cultivation Pattern in Golestan Province from Land Reforms until Now
Abdulmotalleb Mamashli Mohammad Reza Naeimi Rahmatollah Amirahmadi -
Open Access Article
5 - Economic and Social Consequences of Changing the Cultivation Pattern in Golestan Province from Land Reforms until Now
Abdulmotalleb Mamashli Mohammad Reza Naeimi Rahmatollah Amirahmadi -
Open Access Article
6 - IFRS or IFRS-Based Domestic Standards: Implications for China’s Future Accounting System
Muhammad Umar Draz -
Open Access Article
7 - Evaluating influential factors in Environmental management accounting (EMA) adoption
سیدامین عالمشاهEnvironmental management accounting(EMA) as a management tool assists in improvingfinancial and environmental performance through enhanced environmental accountability.This study accomplished with to focus of attention upon EMA, for to identify factorsinfluencing EMA ad MoreEnvironmental management accounting(EMA) as a management tool assists in improvingfinancial and environmental performance through enhanced environmental accountability.This study accomplished with to focus of attention upon EMA, for to identify factorsinfluencing EMA adoption. For achieving the research objective, established 6 hypothesises.For hypothesises testing, sent questionnaire to key personnel with three different functions(i.e. financial Manager, chief accountant and management accounting headman). After datacoding, those tested and analyzed by T-test. Results indicated 1)Low priority of accountingfor environmental costs 2)Resistance to conventional accounting practices change3)Efficiency or financial considerations 4)Expert member and resource constraints5)Difficulties in collecting or allocating environmental costs 6)External pressure, are factorsinfluencing the decision to adopt, or not to adopt, EMA in mentioned corporations. Finallyprovided suggestions made by this study for EMA adoption. Apart from the theoreticalextension to this area of research, the results and findings of this study supported the uses andapplications of EMA by our industries. Much more can, and should, be done by corporationsin relation to how they account for the environment. This can provide benefits not only for thesector itself, but also for the environment in which we live. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - The Impact of Agrarian Reforms on Rural Bourgeoisie and Urban Development in Kermanshah And Ilam
Farhad Jamshidian Hamidreza Saeidinejad Sirous Mohebi Edris BeheshtiniaIntroduction and aim: Land reforms have a unique position. Agrarian reforms changed the status of other social classes such as merchants, traders and usurers. What is the most important effect of land reforms on the rural petty bourgeoisie of Kermanshah and Ilam? The an MoreIntroduction and aim: Land reforms have a unique position. Agrarian reforms changed the status of other social classes such as merchants, traders and usurers. What is the most important effect of land reforms on the rural petty bourgeoisie of Kermanshah and Ilam? The answer to this hypothesis is that the rural artisan class was weakened after the land reforms. The reason for this was the entry of urban goods into the village.Methodology: The research method is descriptive-analytical with using books, theses and articles. The first-hand sources are legal books and the second-hand sources are current researches and related articles, which have been used in publications and internet and research sites and researches related to the subject of the research.Research findings: After analyzing the data obtained from the articles according to the causal conditions, mediating conditions, strategies and consequences of the phenomenon are categorized. These major categories and core categories have been extracted that it’s number of major categories is 22, and the number of major articles is 8, The theme of capitalist pressure, the number of articles 24, the number of major categories, the number of major articles 8, the theme of agricultural mechanization, causal conditions in the process of data analysis,((Commercialization of agriculture)), ((Transition from land ownership)), ((Emergence of modern lord and serf system)), ((Capitalist pressure)), ((Development of urbanization)), ((Oil)), and ((Low efficiency)) were the main categories of causal conditions.Results: One of the characteristics of the land reform program in Kermanshah and Ilam was the adaptation of the land distribution to the traditional classification of the rural society. In this sense, some rural groups were called the well-to-do bourgeois. After the distribution of land between the farmers and the expansion of the relationship between the urban and rural society, the urban storekeepers became The consumption needs of the villagers were brought to the village and sold. Simultaneously with the growth of the peasant class, the class of rural workers also expanded, and a large part of the villagers who did not own land started working as laborers in other economic sectors. The decrease in the capacity of the agricultural sector in attracting the active forces of the rural community aggravated this problem and increased the number of unemployed people. These forces migrated to the city center and other regions in order to find jobs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - A Study of Educational Themes in the Poetry of Farrokhi Yazdi and Iraj Mirza
Seyedeh Maryam Jazayeri Shahriar Shadigo Nahid Jafari DehkordiFor a long time now, poets have tried to improve the situation of society by considering moral and educational instructions in their poetry. By the formation of the constitution and the ruling policies, the need for education and principles of ethics was felt by the peo MoreFor a long time now, poets have tried to improve the situation of society by considering moral and educational instructions in their poetry. By the formation of the constitution and the ruling policies, the need for education and principles of ethics was felt by the people of the society. This research is based on the descriptive-analytical method obtained from library studies and its main purpose is to explain the educational manifestations in the poems of Farrokhi Yazdi and Iraj Mirza. Farrokhi Yazdi and Iraj Mirza are among the liberalism poets of the constitutional era who have paid attention to educating and informing the people. Investigating the poems of these two poets shows that their social insights and their different positions on education have been greatly influenced by their social class. The result of this research indicates that, the educational themes in their poetry move in two different directions due to the family, intellectual and political differences of the two poets. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - The Impact of Parametric Reforms on Financial Decisions in Financing Long-Term Commitments
Hadi Farhadi Babak Jamshidinavid Mehrdad Ghanbari Rohollah Jamshid PourOne of the reforms that has been considered in recent years regarding financial decisions in the payment of long-term liabilities is the balance of financial resources mechanism. When demographic risks, such as labor shortages and economic risks, such as financial defic MoreOne of the reforms that has been considered in recent years regarding financial decisions in the payment of long-term liabilities is the balance of financial resources mechanism. When demographic risks, such as labor shortages and economic risks, such as financial deficits due to the functioning of financial markets and past rules and regulations, exist, financial decisions are made to maintain the liquidity and stability of the system in the long run. Long-term liabilities in payment to pension fund members require regular advice and calculations in different financial periods in order to balance and maintain the intergenerational reserves of the fund. The present study compares the parametric models effective in financial decisions to finance the long-term obligations of the Social Security Organization using actuarial knowledge in order to achieve the research objectives by changing the basic parameters and their impact on the organization's resources using knowledge. Actuaries and related computing software such as ILO-PENS We have estimated and then estimated their impact on the sustainability of the organization's resources over a period of 70 years for financial decision According to the results, if any of the above parametric corrections are applied to the series of resources of the Social Security Organization, respectively, up to years,2035,2036,2037 It is postponed and the necessary resources are provided to pay your long-term obligations. In this short break, there is ample opportunity to decide how to make structural reforms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - The Effect of Land Reforms in 1963 on Marginalization and Political-Social Protests in Iran
Garineh Keshishyan Siraki Mahin Niroomand AlankeshThe purpose of this article is to investigate the effect of marginalization affected by land reforms in 1963 on riots and popular protests and to provide an answer to these questions: what were land reforms and what were their characteristics and in what political syste MoreThe purpose of this article is to investigate the effect of marginalization affected by land reforms in 1963 on riots and popular protests and to provide an answer to these questions: what were land reforms and what were their characteristics and in what political system and the urban system has taken place and what effects it has had on urban political protests. The findings of the authors show that the changes in the production method with the collapse of the semi-feudal system and at the same time the formation of the capitalist system influenced by the world system and also the will of the West with the motivation of injecting modernization and development into the countries The Third World and its guidance by the ruler of the time, which led to land reforms, ultimately led to social mobility and population displacement, which led to the emergence of marginalization in the suburbs of big cities. But the result of this modernization, despite the development of the center of big cities, was nothing but poverty, inequality and injustice for the residents of the suburbs, which itself led to the formation of grounds for uprisings and riots. But what separates this article from other related writings is a new look and an innovative approach to the subject, which is accompanied by a theoretical and methodological innovation. In this article, using the theories of Walt Whitman Rostow, Andre Gunder Frank and Emanuel Wallerstein, the issue has been examined at three levels of micro, medium and macro analysis and the results of the discussion have been analyzed Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Comparative analysis of the process of cultural reforms in Afghanistan and Turkey
mohammad hasan mahdaviTranslation typesText translationSource text1,119 / 5,000Translation resultsThe present article analyzes and examines the important phenomenon of cultural reforms in the contemporary history of the Islamic world, which, despite many similarities, faced completely differ MoreTranslation typesText translationSource text1,119 / 5,000Translation resultsThe present article analyzes and examines the important phenomenon of cultural reforms in the contemporary history of the Islamic world, which, despite many similarities, faced completely different fates. In the study of cultural reforms in Afghanistan and Turkey, it is known to some extent that there are many similarities in the process of cultural reforms in the two countries; The same necessity of cultural change, a single goal and having a single model are examples of similarities in the cultural reforms of the time of Amanullah and Atatürk. However, this phenomenon had a completely different purpose; With the aim of fighting against tradition and joining western modernity, Atatürk achieved relative success in this field, unlike Amanullah who faced complete failure in this way. Looking at this issue with the method of description and comparative analysis discussed in this article shows that despite the apparent similarities of this project, there were important differences that Amanullah Khan wanted to follow Kemal Atatürk without paying attention to. And because of this, he could not succeed. The cultural changes of the society without taking into consideration the value judgments of being good or bad, require variables and contexts, without paying attention to them, no lasting transformation will take place. And this can be effective in analyzing the current and future situation of Afghanistan.More about this source textSource text required for additional translation informationSend feedbackSide panels Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - political and economic development (800-500 BC)
bahram delpakWithout a doubt, the formation of metropolises is one of the characteristics of Greece Civilization. In fact, it can be the beginning of the formation of political and cultural relations and a connecting point between semi historical-legendary events of Homer era and Gr MoreWithout a doubt, the formation of metropolises is one of the characteristics of Greece Civilization. In fact, it can be the beginning of the formation of political and cultural relations and a connecting point between semi historical-legendary events of Homer era and Greek history in Cleistens era. Athens, as an example among these metropolises had a significant role in intellectual, social and political development in Greece. Geographical factors, tolerance in religious beliefs, immigration and communication with other civilizations, and changes in the political foundations of the government were factors that caused Athens to reach the most perfect form of government in its intellectual, political and economic aspects. This article Using a historical analytical lens and through a reexamination, aims to analyze the role of these factors. The findings of the research show that the suitable political and geographical sircomstance hade played graet impact on social and political development in Athens. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Study on the Foreign Policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran during the Period of Construction and Reforms (1368 to 1384) Based on the James Rosenau model.
mohammad sohrabiIn this article,an attempt has been made to analyze the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the two periods of construction and reforms based on the Rozenau model,in which the personality and role of decision makers,bureaucratic factors, the international MoreIn this article,an attempt has been made to analyze the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the two periods of construction and reforms based on the Rozenau model,in which the personality and role of decision makers,bureaucratic factors, the international system and the domestic society are emphasized as influencing factors in the field of foreign policy.has been investigated.By looking at the theoretical framework of Rozenau and examining the developments in the foreign policy of the governments of construction and reforms, it was concluded that the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran, although it follows fixed principles,has seen changes in different periods depending on the conditions.Based on the conditions,different discourses have been ruling over it, and in the studied periods,two interest-oriented discourses and policy-oriented culture-oriented discourses have been based.Examining these two periods shows that changes in the field of foreign policy were affected by internal and external factors Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - The Investigation of the Effective Psychological, Social and Economical Factors upon the Consumption Model Reforms of the BA Students of the Islamic Azad University of Ghaemshahr in the Educational year of 1389-1390
Seyedeh Zahra Sadati Behrooz Enayati Mohammad Mahdi KaverdiThe year of 1388 was named as the year of consumption model reforms by Iran supreme leader, Ayatollah Seyyed Ali Khameneie. Consumption model reforms is the process of an abiding reform of behavior and the available consumers’ methods in usage of various goods and MoreThe year of 1388 was named as the year of consumption model reforms by Iran supreme leader, Ayatollah Seyyed Ali Khameneie. Consumption model reforms is the process of an abiding reform of behavior and the available consumers’ methods in usage of various goods and resources via the promotion of people’s knowledge, insight, and attitude. Therefore, it is the stabilization of correct and abiding consumption model in the form of social and cultural training.The purpose of this study is the investigation of the effective psychological, social and economical factors upon the consumption reforms of the BA students of the Islamic Azad University of Ghaemshahr in the educational year of 1389-1390.The present study is a descriptive-metrical study. The statistical universe of this study includes 7524 (seven thousands and five hundreds twenty five) male and female students of Islamic Azad University of Ghaemshahr. The sample of this study includes200 female and 144 male students that the number of sample was estimated by Cerjce and Morgan table model. The random – classified sampling plan was used in the selection of this sample studying. The needed data for the measurement of variables has been taken out ofa researcher made questioner. The researcher has used 17 questions for the measurement of effective psychological factors upon the consumption model, 9 questions for the measurement of effective social factors and 4 questions for the measurement of effective economical factors in the range of one to five (1-5) at the scale of Likert which its reliability has been equal to 81%.The Statistical analysis was done by SPSS Software and at the inferential level T was used to evaluate the degree of acceptability of each variable. For grading each variable the Frouyd – test was used. The Komologrov –Esmirnof (K-S) test was also used to determine the degree of normality of the data.The obtained results from the statistical tests shows that at the level of 5% error, the psychological, social and economical factors were influential in students’ consumption model. It also indicates that according to grading, there is a difference among the components of the psychological, social and economical factors. In other words, the psychological factors has the most effects, while the social and economical factors would stand in the next ranks in order. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - The Effectiveness of Cognitive-behavioral Therapy on Couple’s Burnout, Marital Adjustment and Intimacy
Behzad Karimi Javad KhalatbariThe year of 1388 was named as the year of consumption model reforms by Iran supreme leader, Ayatollah Seyyed Ali Khameneie. Consumption model reforms is the process of an abiding reform of behavior and the available consumers’ methods in usage of various goods and MoreThe year of 1388 was named as the year of consumption model reforms by Iran supreme leader, Ayatollah Seyyed Ali Khameneie. Consumption model reforms is the process of an abiding reform of behavior and the available consumers’ methods in usage of various goods and resources via the promotion of people’s knowledge, insight, and attitude. Therefore, it is the stabilization of correct and abiding consumption model in the form of social and cultural training.The purpose of this study is the investigation of the effective psychological, social and economical factors upon the consumption reforms of the BA students of the Islamic Azad University of Ghaemshahr in the educational year of 1389-1390.The present study is a descriptive-metrical study. The statistical universe of this study includes 7524 (seven thousands and five hundreds twenty five) male and female students of Islamic Azad University of Ghaemshahr. The sample of this study includes200 female and 144 male students that the number of sample was estimated by Cerjce and Morgan table model. The random – classified sampling plan was used in the selection of this sample studying. The needed data for the measurement of variables has been taken out ofa researcher made questioner. The researcher has used 17 questions for the measurement of effective psychological factors upon the consumption model, 9 questions for the measurement of effective social factors and 4 questions for the measurement of effective economical factors in the range of one to five (1-5) at the scale of Likert which its reliability has been equal to 81%.The Statistical analysis was done by SPSS Software and at the inferential level T was used to evaluate the degree of acceptability of each variable. For grading each variable the Frouyd – test was used. The Komologrov –Esmirnof (K-S) test was also used to determine the degree of normality of the data.The obtained results from the statistical tests shows that at the level of 5% error, the psychological, social and economical factors were influential in students’ consumption model. It also indicates that according to grading, there is a difference among the components of the psychological, social and economical factors. In other words, the psychological factors has the most effects, while the social and economical factors would stand in the next ranks in order. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Discourse of the Islamic Revolution on the Political and Social Status of Women with Emphasis on the State-Constructive and Reform Approach
Gholamhossein Zargarinejad sina forosezh fatemah haghani sarmiAt the threshold of the Islamic Revolution, a new discourse on women was introduced in Iran, which can be called the Islamic Revolution Discourse. This discourse, by critiquing existing discourses on women, traditional and quasi-modern discourse, introduced a new approa MoreAt the threshold of the Islamic Revolution, a new discourse on women was introduced in Iran, which can be called the Islamic Revolution Discourse. This discourse, by critiquing existing discourses on women, traditional and quasi-modern discourse, introduced a new approach to the way women look in Iran. The discourse of the Islamic Revolution as the dominant discourse after the revolution took the position of power and reconstructed the position of women. This article attempts to describe the discourses, constructive state approach and reform by explaining these discourses in an analytical way. To answer this question in particular, to what extent is the Islamic Republic of Iran respecting the social rights of women as half of the population? The hypothesis of the present study is that the emphasis of the Islamic Revolution discourse is on the active participation of women in the social and political spheres. So as the social and political developments of women's society have been able to gain social status and status Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - A comparative study of military reforms of Khosrow Anushirvan in Shahnameh and Islamic historiographical sources
parisa bahadorpour ahmad Kamranifar farinaz hooshyarShahnameh is beyond a literary and mythical masterpiece and it is an effective monument of historiography especially Sassanian history that has expressed in verse the menthioned dynasty by stating the details of its events and keeping trustworthiness, loyalty and commit MoreShahnameh is beyond a literary and mythical masterpiece and it is an effective monument of historiography especially Sassanian history that has expressed in verse the menthioned dynasty by stating the details of its events and keeping trustworthiness, loyalty and commitment. Mentioning the military reforms of Khosrow Anushirvan (531 – 579 AD) in this study is very important and Islamic historiographical sources having an important stand due to their access to some texts and noble sources of this period have also addressed it. Most data of those texts concerning Anushirvan reforms exist in Shahnameh and some data have been reported only by Ferdowsi. This study aims to analyze military reforms of Anushirvani and investigate the value of Shahnameh historical details and data and its comparitive assessment with the other Islamic historiographical sources and also express their similarities and differences by insisting on Ferdowsi approach that the subject is analyzed by using library analytical – descriptive method. The results of this study can make Shahnameh stand clearer and more reliable in historical texts for persons studyhng Sassanian and are effective and valuable for the other researches concerning this issue and can be used by addressees in scientific and research communities and the history and literature group. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Hows and Whys of Reuter’s Agreement: From Contraction to Cancellation
Abbasali Rahbar Hassan Sadeghian-e Kumar Olia Farzad Nemati -
Open Access Article
20 - The Use of Gender Justice Paradigm in the Islamic Republic of Iran (1997-2005) from the Institutional Theory
Alieh Taheri Ravyzi Tahereh Ebrahimifar Seyed Abdolamir Nabavi Zohreh Balazadeh -
Open Access Article
21 - Reforms in the Security Council with an emphasis on the role of the uniting for consesus
Mehran Abdoli Maryam Moradi Seyyed Baqir Mir Abbasi Abu Mohammad AsgharhaniIn the current world of growing change in all areas, the need for efficient systems in the international arena is twofold. One of the most important UN system in the international arena is the most comprehensive international organization that needs to meet its current MoreIn the current world of growing change in all areas, the need for efficient systems in the international arena is twofold. One of the most important UN system in the international arena is the most comprehensive international organization that needs to meet its current needs. But since its founding, the organization has undergone some modifications in this organization, and in particular its key pillar, the Security Council, a large number of secretary-general of the time (Anahi Sufi) to the African Union, the South Group, the Non-Aligned Movement, the Group of Four and the Group The so-called "Alliance for Consensus" has proposed plans for further improvement and efficiency by the Council, which has not yet been fully agreed on. Among the proposed corrective ideas, the Group of Four was more lucid, but the group of countries thought to oppose the group, unlike the four group (four countries: Germany, Japan, Brazil, and India), which increased the number of permanent members The Security Council was a group of countries that only wanted to increase the non-permanent members of the council, which also brought charges against each other. Manuscript profile
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