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Open Access Article
1 - Study of different types of mulch efficiency on soil retain moisture in planting seedlings in arid areas by black saxaul (Haloxylon ammodendron) in Semnan province
Dariush Ghorbanian Alireza Eftekhari Ehsan Zandi Esfahan Nusratollah Hasani Behroz ArastoThe most appropriate method of maintaining soil moisture in planting in dry areas is to cover the surface of the soil around the planted seedlings with natural and artificial mulches. To investigate the effect of different types of mulch in soil retain moisture, two typ MoreThe most appropriate method of maintaining soil moisture in planting in dry areas is to cover the surface of the soil around the planted seedlings with natural and artificial mulches. To investigate the effect of different types of mulch in soil retain moisture, two types of natural and artificial mulch were used around the seedlings. This design is in the form of a complete random block with two main treatments including natural cover (gravel and sand) and artificial cover (light and black plastic) and four secondary treatments including pebbles, sand, light plastic, and black plastic and in three areas of Semnan, Ghoshe, and Damghan was performed. A control group was also considered. Each sub-treatment was planted in three replicates and 25 samples (black saxaul) were planted in each replicate. Immediately after planting the seedlings and irrigation, the mulch cover was placed around the seedlings. The soil moisture was measured by TDR device at a 10-day interval. The results related to the soil moisture showed that the level of the soil moisture in the black plastic treatment was significantly higher than other mulches. The results of the height of seedlings showed that the black plastic and control groups had the greatest effect on the soil retain moisture. Despite the difference in the soil moisture percentage in all types of natural and synthetic mulches, this difference did not show any significant change in the studied areas. The results of variance analysis of the seedling height showed that the differences in natural and artificial mulches and the control group were significant at the 99% level, but this was not significant in different areas. Examining the correlation between the seedling height and soil moisture percentage in different treatments showed that the highest correlation was in the sand treatment (R2 = 78.8). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Effect of deficit irrigation and water salinity on soil salinity distribution and date plants vegetative growth
Majid Alihouri Abd Ali Naseri Saeed Boroomand-Nasab Alireza KianiDeficit irrigation and suitable usage of saline water resources is such as optimization ways in water consumption and increasing water productivity. This experiment was carried out in factorial method based on randomized complete design with three replications for inves MoreDeficit irrigation and suitable usage of saline water resources is such as optimization ways in water consumption and increasing water productivity. This experiment was carried out in factorial method based on randomized complete design with three replications for investigation of deficit irrigation and water salinity effects on Barhee date palm juvenile plants vegetative growth. The treatments were three irrigation depths of 100%, 85% and 70% water requirement and three irrigation water salinities of 2.3, 8 and 12 dS/m. The plant water requirement was determined based on soil moisture deficiency. Soil salinity was measured with sampling from soil different depths. The results showed soil salinity had a direct and significant connection with irrigation water salinity. The soil salinity in irrigation water salinity of 12 dS/m was 1.73–1.84 times greater than water salinity of 2.3 dS/m. The soil salinity was reduced with increasing soil depth. The irrigation depth had significant effect on leaf number, leaf length and leaflet number, while irrigation water salinity had significant effect on leaf number, leaf length, leaf width, leaflet number and truck perimeter. Interaction of irrigation depth and irrigation water salinity had significantly effects on all vegetative characteristics except leaf chlorophyll and leaflet width. Increasing growth characteristics of I1S1 treatment were 1.3-3.6 times greater than I3S3 treatment. The highest Barhee date palm juvenile plants vegetative growth obtained from I1S1 treatment that was on significant with I2S1 treatment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Effects of Mulch type, Times and Tuber Burial Depth on Growth and Tuber Production of Purple Nutsedge(Cyperus rotundus L.)
Mohammad Roozkhosh behrouz KHALIL TAHMASEBI zabihollah Azami-Sardooei Hamid Reza Alizadeh farnaz fekrat Mehdi Rastgoo ahmad AeinPurple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) is a problematic weed in vegetables production systems in eastern and southeastern of Iran, To evaluate the different levels of polyethylene mulches, Tuber burial depths, and times on Management on purple nutsedge, a factorial exper MorePurple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) is a problematic weed in vegetables production systems in eastern and southeastern of Iran, To evaluate the different levels of polyethylene mulches, Tuber burial depths, and times on Management on purple nutsedge, a factorial experiment base on randomized complete block design with four replications, at Jiroft University Research Farm, was conducted, field experiments to investigate the effect of mulch type including, (one and two layer clear polyethylene film, one-layer clear polyethylene + hen manure, one layer black polyethylene and non-mulched as control), second factor was times application at three levels including (20, 40 and 60 days) and third factor tubers burial depths at three levels including (5, 15 and 25cm) on C. rotundus above and below ground growth were conducted. Results showed that two-layer clear polyethylene mulch provided greatest suppression of C. rotundus growth was observed in plots covered with 2-layer clear LDPE, at 60 days in all depths (5,15 and 25cm). However, one-layer clear mulch at 60 days in 5 cm depth and one-layer clear polyethylene + hen manure at 60 days in 5 and 15 cm depth, inhibited viability tubers significantly. But positive effect was not shown on the growth control of the period in the other treatment. Generally, the results showed that two factors of polyethylene mulches and period of solarization of have a direct effect on the control of purple nutsedge. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - The effect of some methods for control of Bemisia tabaci (Hem.: Aleyrodidae) in tomato nursery
Mohammad Taghi Fassihi Zinat Ahmadzadeh Narjeskhaton KazeraniBemesia tabaci is an important pests in tomato fields. Effect of some control methods for these insect was evaluated in tomato nursery. This experiment was conducted in Borazjan, Bushehr Agricultural and Natural Resource Research Center. The treatments consisted of; yel MoreBemesia tabaci is an important pests in tomato fields. Effect of some control methods for these insect was evaluated in tomato nursery. This experiment was conducted in Borazjan, Bushehr Agricultural and Natural Resource Research Center. The treatments consisted of; yellow sticky trap, aluminum mulch on soil, cloth net mulch on plots, oil (1%) and pesticide (Imidaclopride 0.8 ml/l) spray and control (without any control method). These treatments were laid in a RCBD (Randomized Block Design) with 3 replications. Number of whitefly nymphs on 15 leaflets was recorded. The treatments were compared with Duncan`s Multiple Range Test. The results indicated that cloth net mulch has the lowest number of whitefly nymph. All treatments were coefficient different with control. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Evaluation of Microbial Biomass and Soil Carbon as Well as Weed Parameters on Potato Production Affected Different Weed Management
Afshar Azadbakht Mohammad Taghi Alebrahim Hamid Reza Mohammadduost Chamanabad Akbar Ghavidel -
Open Access Article
6 - The Effect of Organic Mulches and Metribuzin on Weed Control and Yield of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)
Rouzbeh Zangoueinejad Mohammad Taghi AlebrahimTo evaluate the effects of four kinds of organic non-living mulches (wheat straw, sawdust, coco peat and peat moss) and metribuzin (herbicide treatment) on weed control and yield of tomato cv. "CH" an experiment was designed in randomized complete blocks with 7 treatmen MoreTo evaluate the effects of four kinds of organic non-living mulches (wheat straw, sawdust, coco peat and peat moss) and metribuzin (herbicide treatment) on weed control and yield of tomato cv. "CH" an experiment was designed in randomized complete blocks with 7 treatments and 3 replications at the College of Agriculture, Shiraz University in 2012. According to the results all mulch treatments showed lower efficiency in weed control than the metribuzin. Also, all mulch treatments showed higher weed density compared to metribuzin. When straw, among non-living organic mulches, showed lowest weed control (62.3 weed.m-2). According to the results the highest tomato yield per unit area was produced by using peat moss mulch (from 5.7 kg.m-2) and the lowest yield from weedy plots (1.2 kg/m-2). To calculate the percentage of predicted performance of each of the treatments, only Gompertz model was applied and only the beginning of weed interference between the treatments was taken into account. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - The Effect of Different Levels of Pumice Mulch and Deficit Irrigation on the Some Physiological Traits and Seed Yield of Corn (Zea mays L.)
Mehdi Nasiri Davoud Zarehaghi Mohammad Reza NeyshabouriMineral mulches, such as pumice, increase water retention of soil, reduce evaporation and optimum water consumption. Use of pumice, thus, can be effective in improving the performance and growth of plant under water stress condition. This research was performed in compl MoreMineral mulches, such as pumice, increase water retention of soil, reduce evaporation and optimum water consumption. Use of pumice, thus, can be effective in improving the performance and growth of plant under water stress condition. This research was performed in completely randomized block design with three replications, four levels pumice, without its use (as control), and use of 30, 60 and 90 tons of pumice per hectare and three levels of irrigation (at 50% severe stress, at 70% moderate stress and at 100% without stress, evaporation from class A evaporation pan to evaluate the effect of treatment on some physiological traits of corn (modified hybrid of Maxima). Physiological traits of corn, was affected significantly by pumice and irrigation. The highest and lowest chlorophyll index, leaf relative water content, stomatal conductance and dry and fresh weight biomass, were obtained from pumice treatment of 90 tons per hectare and the control. The highest and lowest leaf temperature was also obtained from treatments of control and 90 tons per hectare. Chlorophyll index of 90 tons treatment per hectare in comparison with control and 30 tons per hectare of pumice amounted to 52 and 26% respectively. Stomatal conductance of irrigation at 50% evaporation from evaporation pan in comparison with treatments 70 and 100% decreased by 42 and 23% respectively. Thus it can conducted that the use of the 60 tons per hectare of pumice and irrigation at 70% evaporation from evaporation pan would be effective and will significantly affect plant vegetative characteristics and yield of corn. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Effect of Drought Stress and Straw Mulch of Wheat on Morpho-Physiological Characteristics of Sesame
Jahanbakhsh Behzad Nejad Zeinolabedin Tahmasebi Sarvestani Ahmad Aien Ali Mokhtassi BidgoliTo study the response of sesame plant under water deficit condition to the management methods, a factorial split experiment using a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted at the Jiroft Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Educa MoreTo study the response of sesame plant under water deficit condition to the management methods, a factorial split experiment using a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted at the Jiroft Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center in 2015. Irrigation treatments were soil field capacity, permanent wilting point, root development depth and percent availability water to sesame (with four levels: 100, 80, 60 and 40% of the required water). Ecotypes used, were Halil, Borazjan 2 and local population of Jiraft. In this experiment, wheat straw mulch used with two levels: (without using mulch and using 7.5 tons of mulch per hectare). The results showed that simple effects of drought stress and mulch and the interaction of drought stress × mulch on all measured traits were significant at the probability level of 1%. The interaction of drought stress × ecotypes × mulch was significant only for number of branches and oil percentage. The highest and lowest seed yield and oil percentage were belonged to Haleil and Borazjan 2 ecotypes, respectively. Use of 7.5 tons straw mulch per hectare resulted in improving the means of measured traits as compared to that of control. The highest percentage of oil was obtained from Halil ecotype by using straw mulch and irrigation level of 100% (53.10%), but its difference with irrigation level of 80% (52.9%) was not significant. In general, the results showed that the using of straw mulch of wheat reduced positively the effects of water deficits. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Weeds Control by Living Mulch of Maize and Their Effect on Two Potato Cultivars
Zohrab AdaviUsing live mulches is one of the biologic methods for weed control in potato. This research was conducted as a factorial experiment based on RCBD with four replications at the Research Field of Fereydunshahr of Esfahan during 2015. The treatments consisted of two cultiv MoreUsing live mulches is one of the biologic methods for weed control in potato. This research was conducted as a factorial experiment based on RCBD with four replications at the Research Field of Fereydunshahr of Esfahan during 2015. The treatments consisted of two cultivars: Arinda and Agria and three planting systems of potato: weedy sole cropping, weed-free sole cropping and potato inter cropped with maize. Analysis of variance showed that all traits like plant height, plant dry weight, tuber number per plant and tuber yield, except average weight of tuber, were influenced by variety at five percent level of significance. However, plant height and tuber number per plant were influenced by planting system at the level of one percent and plant dry weight, average weight of tuber and tuber yield at the level of five percent significance. The results also showed that potato intercropped with maize reduced highly weed density. The highest and the lowest penetration light were related to weed-free and maize, respectivey. The highest reduction in potato height was found in maize. This might be due to correlation of height and competitiveness of species, because by increasing plant competition height was increased. The highest plant dry weight of potato (121.79g) was related to weed free condition and following by maize, weedy sole cropping. The highest average tuber weight (65.33 g) and tuber yield (677.44 g) belonged to maize, weed free treatments, and lower values of these traits were founded in weedy sole cropping treatment. Overall, live mulches by reducing density of Amaranth (plants per 38.4 m2) was able to control weeds in potato field. This could be attributed to its effects on shading and/or higher competitivness. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Effects of nanoclay particles contained-acrylic resin and plant mulch on morphological characteristics of pistachio (Pistaciavera L.) in Gorpan rangeland, Esfarāyen
paria kamali gholamali heshmati Adel sepehri shervin ahmadiWater scarcity issue and itscomplexity is found to be one of the problems in Iran. On the other hand, farming fruits species in the form of a rangeland project for resident nomads can be one of the solutions to livelihood of this group of stakeholders as well as to redu MoreWater scarcity issue and itscomplexity is found to be one of the problems in Iran. On the other hand, farming fruits species in the form of a rangeland project for resident nomads can be one of the solutions to livelihood of this group of stakeholders as well as to reduce the number of livestock in the natural resource and rangelands. The present research shed lights on effect of mixing acrylic resin and nanoclay particle as a mulch on moisture absorption and retention as well as its impact on establishment of pistachio.Treatments include controls, plant mulch (rain-fed wheat straw) and polymer nano-composite 0%, 1% and 3% nanoclay - acrylic resin with 10 replicates for each treatment. Pistachio morphological traits (plant height, canopy area and number of leaves) were measured after one year after planting.Data analysis was performed using ANOVA and Duncan. The results showed no significant difference between treatments straw to control (at probability level of 5%) but other treatments (at probability level of 1%) had significant difference with control.All treatments treatment had significant difference to 3% nano-clay particles of acrylic resin so that the plant height, canopy area and number of leaves in treatment 3% nano-clay, acrylic resins were higher than other treatments. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - کاربردسوپرجاذب و مالچ بر برخی صفات گل جعفری (Tagetes erecta) تحت تناوب آبیاری
حیدر العبیدی زهرا کریمیان لیلا سمیعی علی تهرانیفرکمبود آب مانعی مهم جهت توسعه و گسترش منظر شهری در مناطق خشک و نیمه خشک جهان است. این روزها مواد آلی و مصنوعی می­توانند بدون کاهش در کیفیت و کمیت منظر شهری با هدف کاهش در مصرف آب مورد استفاده قرار گیرند. به منظور مطالعه اثر برخی انواع مالچ بر کاهش دور آبیاری بر روی گ Moreکمبود آب مانعی مهم جهت توسعه و گسترش منظر شهری در مناطق خشک و نیمه خشک جهان است. این روزها مواد آلی و مصنوعی می­توانند بدون کاهش در کیفیت و کمیت منظر شهری با هدف کاهش در مصرف آب مورد استفاده قرار گیرند. به منظور مطالعه اثر برخی انواع مالچ بر کاهش دور آبیاری بر روی گیاه فصلی پرطرفدار گل جعفری در خاورمیانه آزمایشی در طی سالهای 1395 تا 1396 در شهر مشهد انجام شد. در این آزمایش دو تیمار شامل نوع مالچ (خاک معمولی به عنوان شاهد، مالچ تنه درخت خرما، مالچ پلاستیک و سوپرجاذب) و دور آبیاری (3، 6 و 9 روز) اعمال شد. برخی صفات مورفولوژیکی، بیولوژیکی، فیزیولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی در این آزمایش مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. در اغلب صفات، دور آبیاری هر سه روز یکبار در مقایسه با دورهای 6 و 9 روز یکبار افزایش معنی­داری را نشان داد. اما در صفت ارتفاع گیاه، تعداد گل و نرخ فتوسنتز هیچ تفاوت معنیداری بین دورهای آبیاری 3 روز و 9 روز مشاهده نشد. یافتهها نشان میدهد که سوپرجاذب و در مرتبه بعدی مالچ تنه درخت خرما با دور آبیاری هر 9 روز یکبار میتوانند برای گل جعفری در شهرهای خشک و نیمهخشک پیشنهاد شوند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - اثرات آللوپاتیک برخی عصاره مالچهای آلی بر جوانهزنی بذر و رشد اولیه برخی گیاهان زینتی
فاطمه کاظمی منصوره جوزایمالچ‏ها فواید عمده زیست­ محیطی، زینتی و کاربردی دارند. با این وجود، در خصوص اینکه برخی مالچ‏ها مانع جوانه‎زنی و رشد گیاهان به خاطر اثرات آللوپاتیک می‎شوند، بحث‏هایی وجود دارد. این مطالعه اثر آللوپاتیک عصاره‏های برخی مالچ‏های آلی را بر درص Moreمالچ‏ها فواید عمده زیست­ محیطی، زینتی و کاربردی دارند. با این وجود، در خصوص اینکه برخی مالچ‏ها مانع جوانه‎زنی و رشد گیاهان به خاطر اثرات آللوپاتیک می‎شوند، بحث‏هایی وجود دارد. این مطالعه اثر آللوپاتیک عصاره‏های برخی مالچ‏های آلی را بر درصد جوانه‎زنی بذر و رشد دانهال‏های برخی گیاهان زینتی در دو آزمایش به‎هم ‎مرتبط بررسی کرد. در آزمایش اول، تاثیرات آللوپاتیک شش نوع مالچ شامل چیپس چوب درخت چنار، میوه‎های کاج، برگ‏های کاج، پوسته‎های تنه درخت کاج، خاک اره، و سرزنی‎های چمن فستوکای بلند بر جوانه‎زنی و رشد اولیه بذرهای کاهو به­عنوان یک گیاه شاخص بررسی شد. آزمایش دوم بر پایه نتایج آزمایش اول طراحی شد به­طوری­که عصاره‎های مالچ‏های با پایین‎ترین میزان جوانه‎زنی انتخاب شدند و تاثیر آن­ها بر جوانه‏زنی پنج گیاه گلدار Alyssum maritimum, Celosia argentea, Tagetes sp., Zinnia sp. و Rudbeckia sp. بررسی گردید. نتایج نشان داد عصاره برگ‏های کاج اثرات بازدارنده بر جوانه‎زنی بذرهای کاهو (در آزمایش اول) داشت و همچنین اثرات معنی‎دار و قوی بازدارندگی بر جوانه‎زنی بذر، طول ریشه‏چه، طول ساقه‏چه، وزن تر و خشک ساقه‎چه همه گیاهان زینتی داشت. بر اساس این نتایج، برگ‏های کاج بعد از رها شدن یا تجزیه در خاک می‎توانند به­عنوان منبع شیمیایی آللوپاتیک عمل کنند و باید با احتیاط به­عنوان مالچ در منظرسازی، حداقل در تلفیق با گیاهان زینتی استفاده شوند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Influence of Different Colored Plastic Mulch on the Growth of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa)
Edmar N. FranqueraMulches bring several benefits to lettuce cultivation.A study on the lettuce ‘Red Rapids’ has been conducted to determine the influence of the different colored plastic mulch on its growth. The experiment consisted of five color treatments as follows; treatm MoreMulches bring several benefits to lettuce cultivation.A study on the lettuce ‘Red Rapids’ has been conducted to determine the influence of the different colored plastic mulch on its growth. The experiment consisted of five color treatments as follows; treatment 1- metallic silver (control), treatment 2- red, treatment 3- orange, treatment 4- yellow and treatment 5-green. Results showed that the colored mulch treatments had significant influenced on the different parameters including: root length at harvest, average leaf length, leaf diameter, plant height, plant weight, number of leaves at harvest and percentage survival. Lettuce grown in red mulch had significantly outperformed the other colored treatments. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Effect of different irrigation regimes, plastic mulch and anti-transpiration materials on some physiological attributes and grain yield of rainbow corn
Davoud Adelian Hooshang Farajee Amin Salehi Ali Moradiبه منظور بررسی اثر خاکپوشه پلاستیک و مواد ضد تعرق کائولین و آترازین تحت تاثیر سطوح مختلف آبیاری بر برخی صفات فیزیولوژیک و عملکرد دانه ذرت رنگین، آزمایشی مزرعهای در منطقه برازجان، استان بوشهر در دو سال 1396-1395 اجرا گردید. آزمایش بهصورت اسپلیت اسپلیت پلات بر پایه طرح Moreبه منظور بررسی اثر خاکپوشه پلاستیک و مواد ضد تعرق کائولین و آترازین تحت تاثیر سطوح مختلف آبیاری بر برخی صفات فیزیولوژیک و عملکرد دانه ذرت رنگین، آزمایشی مزرعهای در منطقه برازجان، استان بوشهر در دو سال 1396-1395 اجرا گردید. آزمایش بهصورت اسپلیت اسپلیت پلات بر پایه طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا شد. عامل اصلی آزمایش شامل آبیاری در سه سطح، شامل: 1) 25 درصد تخلیه رطوبتی آب قابل استفاده خاک؛ 2) 40 درصد تخلیه رطوبتی آب قابل استفاده خاک و 3) 60 درصد تخلیه رطوبتی آب قابل استفاده خاک و عامل فرعی در دو سطح شامل خاکپوشه پلاستیک و بدون خاکپوشه و عامل فرعی فرعی در سه سطح شامل مواد ضد تعرق کائولین، آترازین و شاهد بدون مصرف ماده ضد تعرق بودند. نتایج نشان داد که برهمکنش سطوح مختلف آبیاری، مواد ضد تعرق بر نسبت Fv/Fm و برهمکنش خاکپوشه پلاستیک و مواد ضد تعرق بر میزان قند محلول برگ معنیدار گردید. در سطح آبیاری 60 درصد تخلیه مجاز رطوبتی، بیشترین نسبت Fv/Fm (578/0) در تیمار آترازین و کمترین مقدار آن (468/0) در تیمار کائولین بدست آمد. در شرایطی که میزان رطوبت خاک محدود است، استفاده از خاکپوشه پلاستیک و آترازین جهت حصول حداکثر عملکرد کیفی و کمی قابل توصیه میباشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Effects of different kinds of mulch application on yield and photosynthesis nitrogen and water use efficiency in almond (Prunus amygdalus cv. “Nonpareil”)
MOHAMMAD SAEED TADAYON gholamreza moafpourianAbstract: In this experiment the requisiteness of mulch application on increment of yield and photosynthesis nitrogen and water use efficiency of almond were investigated. Experiment was conducted with five treatment in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with thr MoreAbstract: In this experiment the requisiteness of mulch application on increment of yield and photosynthesis nitrogen and water use efficiency of almond were investigated. Experiment was conducted with five treatment in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replication and four trees per each plot in Dezhcord County in Eghlid region in two years. Experimental treatments consist of - Without mulch (ctrl.) - Inorganic Pamis with 2 cm thickness - Organic almond shredded wood mulch - Glycyrrhiza root waste mulch - Wheat straw mulch, each of them on tree overcast (under tree cover) with 10 cm thickness. The experiment was carried out on 60 uniform fifteen years almond trees. Results showed that the application of different kind of mulch caused an improvement in growth, photosynthesis nitrogen and water use efficiency in almond in rain fed condition. The highest amount of yield belonged to wheat straw mulch. Mulch application caused an increment in stomata conduction, transpiration and photosynthesis water use efficiency. Organic mulch had the best significantly increased the photosynthesis water use efficiency in almond. The highest pure economical profitability belong to wheat straw mulch, almond shredded wood, Glycyrrhiza root waste and inorganic Pamis mulch under tree canopy, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Investigation of Polyethylene Mulch on Improvement of Tomato Water Use Efficiency using AquaCrop Model
razieh Eskandaripour afshin khorsand vahid rezaverdinejad kamran zeinalzazdeh amir NorjooIn this study, the Aquacrop model was evaluated to predict the crop yield and the water use efficiency of tomato in climatic conditions Kahriz region, and use mulch cover was modeling. The research was carried out at split plot factorial experiment based on randomized d MoreIn this study, the Aquacrop model was evaluated to predict the crop yield and the water use efficiency of tomato in climatic conditions Kahriz region, and use mulch cover was modeling. The research was carried out at split plot factorial experiment based on randomized design. The factors of between-row spacing (100 and 120cm), in-row spacing (30 and 40cm) and black plastic were studied. The treatment of black plastic were: full ridge and half furrow were covered by mulch; full furrow and half ridge were covered by mulch and control (no mulch). Every plot was irrigated separately. The model was calibrated by the use of first year’s data, and as a result on the base of R2 (0.99) and NRMSE (0.19). Efficiency parameters, it is obvious that Aquacrop appropriately simulates the crop yield, WUE and soil water content of the root zone for tomato under different planting densities and three types of mulch. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - The effect of application plant mulches on weeds control of fig (Ficus carica) orchards in Estahban region
Zahra Tabesh Farhad MohajeriTo study the effect of different types of plant mulch and their thicknesses on weeds control of fig (Ficus carica) orchards, an experiment was performed in a factorial arrangement based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in Estahban region of MoreTo study the effect of different types of plant mulch and their thicknesses on weeds control of fig (Ficus carica) orchards, an experiment was performed in a factorial arrangement based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in Estahban region of Fars province, Iran in 2018, where factors were non-living mulch in three levels (Almond shell, Wheat straw and Licorice residues) and mulch thickness in four levels (Control, 5, 10 and 15 cm). The results indicated that mulches can significantly reduce weeds density and growth (dry and wet weight) in compare to control treatment. Application of Licorice residues better than other treatments controlled the growth and density of weeds in fig. Among the levels of different mulch thickness, 10 cm thick mulch, in addition to minimize soil moisture loss, resulted to reduce the biological yield of weeds. In general, non-living mulches can be an effective agronomic management to control the weeds in fig orchards. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Study of chemical and ecological weed management methods in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)
Afshar Azadbakht Mohammadtaghi Alebrahim Hmidreza Mohammaddoust Chamanabad Akbar Ghavidel Hossein Karbalaei KhiaviThe experiment was performed in order to comparison of ecological and chemical management methods on the emergence, growth and development of the potato weeds in 2015 on the two locations of Agricultural Research Stations Alarogh and Samian in Ardabil province in a rand MoreThe experiment was performed in order to comparison of ecological and chemical management methods on the emergence, growth and development of the potato weeds in 2015 on the two locations of Agricultural Research Stations Alarogh and Samian in Ardabil province in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments were included. 1.) Between rows of potatoes sprayed with Trifluralin herbicide. 2.) Between rows of potatoes sprayed with Metribuzin herbicide. 3.) Cultivation practice. 4.) Usage of plant mulch contains the wheat stubble. 5.) Usage of plant mulch contains the canola stubble. 6.) Usage of black polyethylene sheets mulch. 7.) Usage of transparent polyethylene sheets mulch. 8.) Weed infested (interference) treatment. 9.) Weed free (control) treatment. Based on the results obtained in present study, mulch, herbicide and cultivator had significant effects on potato weeds density in both locations so that the least density of weed obtained in wheat stubble mulch and then usage of Metribuzin herbicide treatments, respectively. Most weed density was counted in the weed interference treatment equal to 99.1 plants per square meter. The usage of wheat mulch compared to the non-application, reduced to 84 percent of weed density compared to weed interference treatment in potato crop. The application of canola stubble residues compared to weed interference treatment reduced the weed density as 79 percent. The broad leaf species of Common Amaranth, Bindweed and Common lambsquarters density, as important potato weeds in all herbicide treatments, mulch and cultivation, decreased compared to weed interference treatment... Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - The Effect of Planting Dates and Rice Residue Application (Mulch) on Growth and Yield of Cranberry Bean
رقیه قربانی محمد نقی صفرزاده ویشکاییPlanting data and soil moisture retention are the most important factors influencing the increase crop yield. In order to evaluate the effect of planting dates and rice residue application (mulch) on growth and yield of cranberry bean, a factorial experiment arranged in MorePlanting data and soil moisture retention are the most important factors influencing the increase crop yield. In order to evaluate the effect of planting dates and rice residue application (mulch) on growth and yield of cranberry bean, a factorial experiment arranged in a complete blocks design with three replications was conducted in Koochesfehan (Rasht, Iran). The factors were planting dates 3 levels (23 April, 30 April and 7 May) and mulch application with 2 levels (with mulch, without mulch). Results indicated that planting dates had significant effect on parameters, exactly number of green pods had significant effect on parameters, exactly number of green seeds, number of flowers, biological and productivity score. Interaction between planting dates and mulch had significant effect on number of dry seeds, number of root nodules, dry seed yield, biological yield and productivity score. Comparison of means indicated that first planting date had the highest effect on parameters; number of green seeds (29.79), number of dry seeds (30.03) and number of flowers (16) per plant, dry pod yield (1139.58 Kg/ha) and harvest index (47.93%). Mulch application had the highest effect on parameters; number of green pod per plant (8.33), pod yield (1085.28 Kg/ha) and harvest index (42.68%). Overall the first planting date (23 April) and application of mulch had higher effect on dry seed yield and productivity score of cranberry bean. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Study of Changes in Soil Moisture and Salinity Under PlasticMulch and Drip Irrigation in Pistachio Trees
N.. Sedaghati A. Alizadeh H. Ansari S. J. Hosseinifard -
Open Access Article
21 - Effect of herbicides and mulch on some morphological traits and yield of sweet corn
Sayyed Mehdi Tavasoli Tabayi Hamidreza Larijani Mohammad NasriThere is no any selective herbicide for sweet corn in Iran and the practices of weed control strictly raise the costs of production. To study of the common dental herbicides for dent corn and mulch on the growth and yield of sweet corn and weed suppression, an experimen MoreThere is no any selective herbicide for sweet corn in Iran and the practices of weed control strictly raise the costs of production. To study of the common dental herbicides for dent corn and mulch on the growth and yield of sweet corn and weed suppression, an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications at Varamin, Iran, in 2015. The treatments were included usage of 1.Nicosulfuron (1.5 lit.ha-1), 2. Nicosulfuron+ Rimsulfuron (Ultima, 175 g.ha-1) ,3. Bentazon (2.5 lit.ha-1), 4. mixed of Atrazine (1.5 kg.ha-1) +Acetochlor (4 lit.ha-1), 5. mixed of Nicosulfuron (1lit.ha-1) + Bromicide MA (1 lit. ha-1), 6.silver on black plastic mulch, 7. blue biodegradable plastic mulch, 8. non-weed control and 9.complete hand weeding. Results revealed that mixed of atrazine + acetochlor controlled weed 100% related to weedy check. The highest stem height (134 cm) and diameter (25 mm), total dry weight (5888 Kg.ha-1) and feed (13110 Kg.ha-1) was also obtained in the same treatment. The Most ear length without any significant difference was measured in the control, nicosulruron + bromicide MA, atrazine + acetochlor, and silver on black plastic mulch treatments, respectively. Yield in plastic and Biodegradable mulch treatments fell to 18% and 23% compared to control treatment. Also maximum protein content was in Nicosulfuron treatment (2.4%) and maximum sugar solution content was in biological mulch (13.2%). With regard to the fresh consumption of sweet corn, the use of mulch can eliminate harmful effects of herbicides on plants and environment Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Effect of Plastic mulch and bed system on maize (zea mays) yield and weeds suppression
Mohsen Garshasebi Hamid Reza Rajab Larijani Mohammad NasriIn order to evaluate effect of mulch and bed formation on yield quantity of corn and compete between weeds an experiment were conducted in 2011-2012 in field research of Islamic Azad University, Varamin branch. Experiment were in form of split plot based on complete blo MoreIn order to evaluate effect of mulch and bed formation on yield quantity of corn and compete between weeds an experiment were conducted in 2011-2012 in field research of Islamic Azad University, Varamin branch. Experiment were in form of split plot based on complete block design with three replications. Bed cultivation in three level (flat, top and furrow) in main plot, mulch in three level (white plastic on dark, no mulch and control weed, no mulch with weed) in sub plot. The results showed that up to 8-leaf stage, the maximum leaf area, plant height, stem diameter at the soil surface and dry weight was observed in the context of Faro. White on black plastic mulch for all forms of bed control weed up to 99%. Mulch leads to grow corns faster than the ground without mulch and mulch interaction was significant in the context of maximum yield in the mulch bed treatment bed (1103.61kg ha-1) were obtained. Results showed that bed form had significant effect on Harvest Index, grain yield, seed in ear, seed in row, row number. Mulch had significant effect on total biomass, harvest index, grain yield, seed in ear, seed in row, row number. Highest amount of seed in ear, row in ear for flat bed and highest thousand seed weight and row in ear for top bed. Increasing seed in ear, seed in row and row number by using mulch and therefore seed number increased. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - The effect of mycorrhizal fungi, water stress and year on flower yield and some characteristics of medicinal plant of Borage (Borago officinalis L.) in Yasouj region
Ali RahimiIdentifying the critical time and timing of plant irrigation based on a precise and basic plan is the key to water conservation, improvement of irrigation operations and plant tolerance to water shortage in agriculture. In recent years, vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal MoreIdentifying the critical time and timing of plant irrigation based on a precise and basic plan is the key to water conservation, improvement of irrigation operations and plant tolerance to water shortage in agriculture. In recent years, vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi have been used in many plants to deal with dehydration and drought stress. In this regard, an experiment was conducted as split-plot in the form of randomized complete block design with 3 replications in the Yasuj region at years 2015 and 2016. Water stress was considered as the main factor in the form of irrigation after 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 mm of evaporation from the evaporation pan class A and mycorrhizal fungus was considered as a secondary factor in the form of no application, application of Glomus mosseae and application of Glomus intraradices. The results showed that the interaction of irrigation and mycorrhizal fungi on flower phosphorus, flower yield, biological yield and water use efficiency of Borage was significant. In irrigation levels after 60, 90, 120 and 150 mm of water evaporation from the evaporation pan, the use of mycorrhizal fungi Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices compared to the absence of fungi respectively increased the yield of plant flowers (30.04% and 27.35 %), (90.2% and 90.98%), (93.21% and 94.1%) and (81.73% and 78.86%), also, at these levels of irrigation, biological yield and water use efficiency of Borage flower achieved a significant increase in the presence of mycorrhizal fungus, compared to the absence of mycorrhizal fungus application. Application of both strains of mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices in irrigation levels after 90, 120 and 150 mm of water evaporation from the evaporation pan compared to no application of mycorrhizal fungus, respectively, resulted in a significant increase in the harvest index of Borage flower (44.55% and 43.36%), (13.21% and 15.96%) and (5.6% and 5.41%) and flower phosphorus (44.69% and 20.45%), (150% and 125%) and ( 267.74% and 235.48%). Mycorrhizal fungus was able to moderate the negative effects of drought stress and increase the above-mentioned traits in those irrigation levels, and based on the results of this study, irrigation treatment after 90 mm of water evaporation from the evaporation pan + the use of Glomus mosseae mycorrhizal fungi is recommended. Manuscript profile
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