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      • Open Access Article

        1 - The Analysis of Landscape Structure and Land Use Changes as an Ecological Approach to Acheive the Sustainable Regional Planning (case study: Latian Dam Watershed)
        Banafsheh Shafie Homa Irani Behbahani Amir Hossein Javid Hassan Darabi Farhad Hosseinzadeh Lotfi,
        Landscape changes occur by natural trends or disturbing events. The current study evaluated the landscape structure changes of Latian Dam watershed by means of landscape metrics to achieve the ecological approach in order to formulate sustainable regional development an More
        Landscape changes occur by natural trends or disturbing events. The current study evaluated the landscape structure changes of Latian Dam watershed by means of landscape metrics to achieve the ecological approach in order to formulate sustainable regional development and planning for area of the study. Land use changes were identified using four time-series atmospherically-corrected surface reflectance Landsat images from 1987 to 2017.Then,7 metrics in landscape level and 8 metrics in class level were chosen to quantification the landscape structure by Fragstats 4.2 software, in order to analyze the landscape changes. The results and analysis show the increase in NP and IJI, and the decrease of AREA-MN which mean the fragmentation occurs in landscape level. The increase of AREA-MN and NP in built-area class shows the tendency to coarse grain structure (homogeneity), and the decrease of AREA-MN and increase of NP in vegetated area class, shows the tendency to fine grain structure (heterogeneity) in landscape level. These scientific findings of past, present and ability to estimate the future land use of the study area will assist planners and decision-makers to formulate environmental protection plans to conserve natural heritage. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        2 - Effect of Land Use Trends on the Amount of Agricultural Water Consumption in Urmia Lake Watershed in the Next 20 Years Using Markov Chain
        Kiyoumars Roushangar Mohammad Taghi Aalami Hassan Golmohammadi
        Background and Aim: Reducing the water level of Urmia Lake and its effects on the environment around the lake has been one of the important national and international issues and challenges in the last two decades. In accord with the studies, one of the critical factors More
        Background and Aim: Reducing the water level of Urmia Lake and its effects on the environment around the lake has been one of the important national and international issues and challenges in the last two decades. In accord with the studies, one of the critical factors affecting this declining trend has been the rise in harvest, especially for agriculture. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to simulate the future status of water resources in the Urmia Lake basin, influenced by the area of agricultural land uses.Method:  For this purpose, Landsat satellite image data for the period 2000 to 2020 are firstly classified using the SVM algorithm in ENVI5.3 software and the classification accuracy is analyzed using the Kappa Coefficient algorithm.In the following, the statistics and information related to the change of cultivation pattern (from arable to garden) and water sources discharging Lake Urmia are calculated. In the next step, the simulation of land use changes for 2030 and 2040 is done using two LCM and CA-MARKOV methods. And finally, after determining the amount of changes in each land use, the amount of water required for agricultural affairs in the catchment is simulated using NETWAT model.Conclusion: The results show that the area of two uses, irrigated agriculture and garden will increase from 1450 and 395 square kilometers in 2000 to more than 3600 and 1650 square kilometers in 2040, respectively, This will increase the amount of water Needed or agriculture from 1,500 million cubic meters in 2000 to more than 4,100 million cubic meters in 2040.Results: From 2000 to 2020, water consumption in irrigated agriculture has increased by 1253.05 Km2; which according to Markov's prediction method, this amount will reach 2049.54 Km2 in 2040 that raises the amount of water consumption by 1 billion and 473 million cubic meters. The gardens land use has increased by 688.02 Km2 from 2000 to 2020, and according to Markov's prediction method, this amount will reach 1276.14 Km2 in 2040, which raises the amount of water consumption by 703 million cubic meters. From 2000 to 2020, 367.06 Km2 has been added to the drayland farming, which according to the prediction of Markov method, this amount will reach 531 Km2 in 2040, which soars the amount of water consumption by 253 MCM. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        3 - investigation of land cover changes using remote sensing technique (Case study: Katalan unit)
        Maryam Nazemi jalal Marzieh Alikhah-Asl Elham Forootan
        Background and Objective: Updated and correct information is necessary for using and optimized managing of a land. Land cover map is one of the most important information resources in natural resource management. The goal of this research is to provide Katalan land cove More
        Background and Objective: Updated and correct information is necessary for using and optimized managing of a land. Land cover map is one of the most important information resources in natural resource management. The goal of this research is to provide Katalan land cover map for investigating land use changes during 12 years in this area. Material and Methodology: For this purpose, satellite images such as Landsat ETM 2001 and OLI 2013 were used after performing necessary corrections whereas; GPS and topographic maps were implemented for surveying fields and gathering trained samples. Land cover maps were provided using supervised classification method with maximum likelihood algorithm. Findings: The results of this study revealed that the study area comprises six classes viz. irrigated farm land, rainfed farm land, bare land, rock stone, range land and mine class. The overall accuracy and kappa coefficient for 2013 map were estimated 86.11% and 0.82, respectively and theses values for 2001 land use map were 78.26%, and 0.71, respectively. Discussion and Conclusions: The results of this research revealed that the class of farm land, bare land and range land were increased 1.84%, 1.29%, and 1.21%from 2001 to 2013, and the class of rock stone and rainfed farmland were decreased 5.09%, and 0 .62%, respectively. Also, there was not mine class in 2001 but this class was 1.36% equivalent to 49.3939 hectare of the whole area in 2013. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        4 - Analyzing Attitudes of Local People towards Socio-Economic Impacts of Land Use Change in Arasbaran Biosphere Reserve
        Vahid Amini Parsa Ahmadreza Yavari Athare Nejadi
        Background and Objective: Understanding attitudes of local people on protected areas, especially land use management is necessary for maintaining, managing and achieving sustainable development in these areas. Considering local resident's attitudes can promote protected More
        Background and Objective: Understanding attitudes of local people on protected areas, especially land use management is necessary for maintaining, managing and achieving sustainable development in these areas. Considering local resident's attitudes can promote protected areas management and help to recognize the problems and potential solutions. So in this research the attitudes and perceptions of people of Arsabaran Biosphere Reserve's about socio-economic impacts of land sue changes were analyzed. Method: 367 questionnaires consist of 24 questions distributed using stratified random method and full field by interviewing with local residents of the zones within the Arasbaran Biosphere Reserve (including the core, buffer and transitional zones). Validity and reliability of research was determined. Findings: Analysis show that the people consider scales and so socio-economic impacts of land sue changes in the local and regional scales is more important. Discussion and Conclusion: Local residents understand the necessity of maintaining land uses, but preferring the socio-economic issues and their livelihoods. People showed obviously the rational choice on their answers, and based on their current and future needs introduced future useful land uses. Using local residents' attitudes may help the managers to find out their needs as direct driving force of land use changes within the area and leads them to design win-win plans though land use management. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        5 - Investigation of Land Use Change Using Landscape Ecology Approach (Case study: Zagros Dam Basin in Gilan Gharb)
        Parisa Pirouzinejad maryam morovati Nooshin Pirouzinejad
        Background and Objective: The Zagros Dam watershed in Kermanshah Province is enclosed by the cities of Dalaho, Sarpol Zahab, Islamabad Gharb and Gilan Gharb and has experienced drastic land use changes in the last decade. The aim of the study was to investigate the chan More
        Background and Objective: The Zagros Dam watershed in Kermanshah Province is enclosed by the cities of Dalaho, Sarpol Zahab, Islamabad Gharb and Gilan Gharb and has experienced drastic land use changes in the last decade. The aim of the study was to investigate the changes in land use using land surface ecology measures, due to the change in Zagros oak forests and data provision, lack of agricultural land, soil erosion and flooding in the area. Material and Methodology: Landsat 8 satellite images from 2010 and 2020 were used in this study. After the necessary image pre-processing, educational patterns were identified using false-colour imagery (FCC) and vegetation index (NDVI). Classification was done using 730 training points from agricultural, forest, pasture and residential areas using Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Maximum Likelihood Theory. Land surface measurements were used at two levels of class and landscape, and the changes that occurred in the landscape were quantified. After calculating the changes using the Markov chain, the potential of changes between different land uses was obtained for the year 2030. Findings: ¬ According to the results, the area of agricultural land use in 2010 was 23,933.43 hectares, which increased to 25,344.09 hectares in 2020, indicating the dominance of this land use in the changes that occurred. Forest and pasture land use showed a decreasing trend. Field measurements of the land surface also revealed significant changes in the class level and the landscape. The entropy metric of disorder and disturbance at the boundary of natural land uses such as forest and pasture showed an increasing trend from 2010 to 2020. The measure of the number of patches (NP) and the measure of continuity (CONTAG) showed that the changes that occurred in the area of the Zagros Dam were towards the fragmentation of the landscape and also towards the reduction of its continuity. Discussion and Conclusion: The future trend of land use change will be towards the predominance of agricultural land use and the reduction of natural land use, so it is necessary for the relevant executive bodies to have more control over the destruction of natural land at the edge of agricultural land. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        6 - Studying changes in heat islands and land uses of the Minab city using the random forest classification approach and spatial autocorrelation analysis
        Mohamad Kazemi Ali Reza Nafarzadegan Fariborz Mohammadi
        The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of the land use changes in the Minab city on the variations in the urban heat islands (UHI), using the random forest classification method and spatial statistics on TM and OLI Landsat images in 1988, 1998, 2008 and 2018 More
        The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of the land use changes in the Minab city on the variations in the urban heat islands (UHI), using the random forest classification method and spatial statistics on TM and OLI Landsat images in 1988, 1998, 2008 and 2018. First, land surface temperature (LST) was calculated using the split-window and the single-channel algorithms. Land use map was generated using supervised classification random forest method and its performance was assessed by two criteria of overall accuracy and kappa coefficient. In order to survey spatial autocorrelation and clustering, pattern of hot spots, the two statistics of Anselin Local Moran's I and Getis-Ord GI were applied. In 1988, land uses of vegetated, barren, and urban built-up lands were occupied 30.1, 32.53 and 37.37 percent of the city area, respectively; in 2018, the areas of these land uses were 16.36, 9.56 and 74.08 percents, respectively. A threefold and twice-fold decrease in the area was observed for barren and vegetated lands, respectively; while the area of urban built-up lands had more than doubled. The calculated values for urban-heat-island ratio index (URI) in 1988, 1998, 2008, and 2018 were 0.45, 0.34, 0.11, and 0.22, respectively. The outcomes of two considered spatial statistics indicated the clustering, pattern for UHI of the Minab city. In addition, there was a good agreement between the results of Getis-Ord GI statistic (hotspots spatial analysis) and the Local Moran's I statistic (spatial autocorrelation) on the spatial pattern of heat and cool clusters. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        7 - Monitoring and predicting land use changes using landsat satellite images by Cellular Automata and Markov model (Case study: Abbasabad area, Mazandaran province)
        Amer Nikpour Hamid Amounia Elahe Nourpasandi
        Background and ObjectiveToday, land use change in many countries has become an important challenge that has many effects on the environment. Accordingly, the study of land use change at different scales is one of the important issues in the proper management of natural More
        Background and ObjectiveToday, land use change in many countries has become an important challenge that has many effects on the environment. Accordingly, the study of land use change at different scales is one of the important issues in the proper management of natural resources and environmental change at various levels. Therefore, being aware of land use changes and investigating their causes and factors in several time periods, and predicting land use changes in the future can be properly planned to reduce adverse effects, which has been considered by planners and city managers. They help in land use planning. Also, converting land uses to each other and changing the use of vegetation is known as an important issue. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to monitor and predict land use changes and land cover in Abbasabad urban area in the future; Using these changes, appropriate management measures can be taken to preserve and rehabilitate lands. Materials and Methods A combination of an automated cell model and Markov chain in the Abbasabad urban area was used to predict land use change; The relevant images were taken from the TM and OLI sensors of the Landsat 8 and 5 satellites at the USGS site. Four user classes, including zone class built with code number 1, vegetation class with code number 2, water resources class with code number 3, and barren land class with code number 4, were separated for Abbasabad urban area. Obtained USGS. In order to extract land use classes, after checking several methods, object-oriented classification method and support vector machine (SVM) algorithm were used due to better efficiency. Evaluation of Babian satellite imagery classification The overall accuracy and kappa coefficient were performed for three periods of time. Each of these classified maps was evaluated by drawing an error matrix. 250 sample points were used to prepare this matrix. The type of sampling was stratified sampling. Also, to determine land use changes in 2030, classified maps were used and with the help of TerrSet software, changes made in classes and their percentages were obtained, and using the CA-MARKOV model, changes of different classes based on matrices. The possibility of transfer was predicted. Results and Discussion The results during 1997, 2006, and 2017 show that the constructed area has an increasing trend and the uses of vegetation, barren lands, and water resources have a decreasing trend and 23279 hectares of lands in the region are built area dedicated. The kappa coefficient calculated for 1997, 2006, and 2017 is 0.86, 0.89, and 0.89, respectively. Markov chain forecasting model with 85% accuracy stated that the trend of land use change for 2030 will be the same as in previous years, and this indicates that the conversion and change of land uses will proceed as before, and it is necessary to mention this point that the identical uses of vegetation to vegetation cover the largest area during the years 2006 to 2017, and this shows that in this area, vegetation is still stable and has undergone less changes. Conclusion The output of the 13-year forecast map for 2030 in this study indicates the appropriate accuracy of the CA-MARKOV model. In addition, this output shows that this method can be trusted for short-term planning. These forecast maps can be a good guide for managers and urban planners. To achieve better results, it is recommended to use a combination of automated cell model and Markov chain to monitor and predict changes nationwide. The results of this study, in addition to helping to reduce the volume of input data, but also in the processing of classified images and in predicting them for the future. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        8 - Earth surface temperature monitoring in relation to land use changes Case study: Maragheh Sufi chay basin
        mousa Abedini Abozar sadeghi Nazfar Aghazadeh AmirHesam Pasban
        The main purpose of this study was to monitor the surface temperature in relation to land use changes with surface temperature using OLI and TM images in the present study. It was used for 2020, and the Landsat 5TM satellite imagery was used to extract land use and its More
        The main purpose of this study was to monitor the surface temperature in relation to land use changes with surface temperature using OLI and TM images in the present study. It was used for 2020, and the Landsat 5TM satellite imagery was used to extract land use and its thermal band (band 6) was used to extract ground surface temperature for 1992. The monitored method was used to classify land use for 1992 and 2020 and land use changes and the maximum similarity method was used. The obtained results indicate the accuracy of the classification by the basic pixel method. According to the research findings, the total accuracy of the classification maps using the maximum similarity method was 99.84 for 1992 and 99.78 for 2020. According to the land use map of Sufi Chay watershed from 1992, which has been extracted by the maximum similarity method, most of the land uses are primarily related to the type 1 mountainous part, which has an area of approximately 320.42 square kilometers. Then, rainfed land use with an area of 191.09 square kilometers and dense agricultural land use with an area of 74.29 square kilometers have the most areas. The area of land uses in 2020 also shows that the most land uses are mountainous type 1 rainfed and residential. Keywords: Surface temperature, land use change, OLI, QGIS, Sufi chay. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        9 - Investigation of environmental approach in modeling land use change in Babak city using satellite images, multi-criteria evaluation and Markov chain (1997 - 2021)
        mohammadebrahim afifi ahmad mangeli meydok ali vakhshori
        Abstract In urban areas, population growth has changed the use of agricultural lands to residential, commercial and industrial. These changes have unpleasant consequences for the urban environment, such as reduced vegetation and increased ambient temperature. Therefore, More
        Abstract In urban areas, population growth has changed the use of agricultural lands to residential, commercial and industrial. These changes have unpleasant consequences for the urban environment, such as reduced vegetation and increased ambient temperature. Therefore, evaluating the effects of land use change for proper management in urban areas seems necessary. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the factors affecting the development of Babak city with regard to the category of sustainable urban spatial development from an ecological perspective. For this purpose, using Landsat 2, 7 and 8 multi-time satellite images and object-oriented satellite image processing techniques, land use changes in the period 2021-1997 with emphasis on the spatial expansion of Babak city have been evaluated. For this purpose, the factors affecting the physical development of Babak city were identified based on the research background in the form of 17 indicators and mapped using multivariate evaluation methods based on CLW fuzzy weighted linear combination and by extracting lands prone to future physical development During the years 2021-1997, using the Markov chain automated cell model, the future land use pattern was predicted in the form of an environmental protection approach and in accordance with the principles of sustainable development until 2065. If the results of this study are used, in Future developments of the city will cause the least damage to pasture and green lands Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        10 - Land Use Conflict Analysis with Using the Model of Land Use Conflict Identification Strategy (LUCIS) in Tonekabon County
        banafsheh pirasteh Mojtaba Rafieian Reza Ahmadian
        In recent decades, rapid changes in land use, especially in coastal areas has been associated with important implications as destruction of natural resources, environmental pollution and … In Tonekabon city, development of physical settlements as a result of rapi More
        In recent decades, rapid changes in land use, especially in coastal areas has been associated with important implications as destruction of natural resources, environmental pollution and … In Tonekabon city, development of physical settlements as a result of rapid population growth, without any planning and environmental considerations lead to the expansion of cities into the vulnerable areas, that if not controlled and correct guidance, will cause destruction of many lands with priority to agricultural lands and their protection will be. The aim of this study was to identify factors and drivers of changes in land use in Tonekabon and also make benefit of Analysis Model of land use conflicts identification Strategic (LUCIS) in determining the user conflicts of the interest area. In this study, the analytical method (Statistical- Spatial) data used in processing and analyzing data using spatial analysis techniques have been combined. After preparing the data layers, weighting and combining them, the results showed that agricultural priority accounted for the largest share in zones without conflict, which was distributed in the western half of the North Strip, on the other hand agricultural- Conservation zones covers over 30 percent of conflict moderate zone and scattered throughout the area. Finally, based on reached results intervention strategies were provided in the framework of an integrated management approach to control and reduce conflict, create compatibility and make Suitability between the Land uses with each other and balance of loaded ground. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        11 - Evaluation of the impact of urban-rural migrations on land use changes in metropolitan cities (A Case study of Tabriz Metropolis)
        gholamreza mokhtari farivar karim hoseinzade delir hosein nazamfar
        With their many functions, metropolitan cities have strong relationships with the peripheral areas and especially the villages of the penetration zone, and this has a profound impact on the economic, social, cultural, and even physical aspects of the villages. Economic More
        With their many functions, metropolitan cities have strong relationships with the peripheral areas and especially the villages of the penetration zone, and this has a profound impact on the economic, social, cultural, and even physical aspects of the villages. Economic growth of cities is due to their economic relations. The city and the countryside have the advantages of attracting rural employment, creating out-of-village job opportunities and rural-urban migration. The metropolis of Tabriz, in various historical periods, has played a strong transnational role from Eastern Europe to South and Central Asia, which shows its undeniable role in taking on some strong professional functions to perform this task. This interconnection between the metropolitan city of Tabriz and its sphere of influence, on one hand, extends the physical development of the city to its national metropolis, and on the other hand, the physical development of the surrounding villages and extensive user changes in these villages, along with widespread demographic, economic and cultural changes will be obtained. This issue is the main subject of the present research and its main objective is to monitor and evaluate the role of the expansion of the metropolitan city of Tabriz by urban-rural migrations and its impact on physical changes, in particular, land use changes in the urban areas. This study concerning its purpose is a descriptive one and as the methodology is considered is an applied research which has been developed based on the questionnaires used in the study and analyzing its items. To achieve the objectives of the study, we used the Cronbach, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, T-Student and multivariate regression tests. The results show strong correlation between migration and change indicators if more than 85% of land use variations are expected by the migratory variables. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        12 - Modeling land use patterns using with clue-s model (Case study of Meshkinshahr City)
        fereydon Babaee noraldin azimi iraj hosseini
        Introduction   Issue of land use focuses on prospective application pattern of land in every city and covers various types of applications such as residential, commercial, industrial, health, educational, administrative and recreational, which all have been effect More
        Introduction   Issue of land use focuses on prospective application pattern of land in every city and covers various types of applications such as residential, commercial, industrial, health, educational, administrative and recreational, which all have been effective on development trend of Meshkinshahr over the past years. Regarding the importance and role of land use system in urban planning, this research attempts to modeling land use pattern for Meshkinshahr using Clue-S in 1402 horizon aiming to develop the city within spatial-physical scale, prepare maps and analyze predictable patterns in various scales.     Research Methodology   In this study, primarily identified the factors which effective on land use changes and then used historical, descriptive methods as well as conducted interview with inhabitants and local authorities, associated organization in Meshkinshahr city such as housing and urban planning organization, municipality and consultant engineers of detailed and descriptive plan. Firstly the framework of Clue-S, its components and application were recognized. Secondly, model factor was recognized and actually, this study would be meaningless without extracting factors effective on land use changes in Meshkinshahr City. Thirdly, the characteristic data and parameters of Clue-S model were collected. Fourthly, the necessary factors effective on system that dictates the changes of land use in Meshkinshahr were identified using logistic regression model. Then, demand and constraint models were defined within the Clue-S model used in this study and finally, some scenarios for Clue-S Model were offered revealing the potential land use patterns. Manuscript profile