List of Articles intentional

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  1 - Criminal Responsibility of Blind Killer in Imamieh Jurisprudence and Iran Rights
  Raziyeh Amini Sediqeh Hatami Ali Mohamadiyan
  Nemesis or lack of nemesis of blind is one of controversial issues in Islamic jurisprudence. Some jurisconsults believe that blind against intentional killing, is not and cited reasons for this idea, in this research, we try to offer proper analysis about jurisprudence More

  Nemesis or lack of nemesis of blind is one of controversial issues in Islamic jurisprudence. Some jurisconsults believe that blind against intentional killing, is not and cited reasons for this idea, in this research, we try to offer proper analysis about jurisprudence and right verdict blind by checking documents of these groups of jurisconsults. One of the results of this discussion is this fact that referred reason of adverse is two narrations that have many problems. This includes presence of and lack of obstacle, scoff in narrations document, thematic conflict of two narrations, proving two syntactic readings that leads to different meaning reading. According to authors, also these narrations cannot prove acclaim of these jurisconsults, because these narrations are without acclaim and in spite of presence of generalities and signifiers on killing sanctity and proving nemesis in intentional supposition, jurisconsult doesn’t need to these two narrations. For rights, about this, explicitly these are no assertion. It seems that ruler satisfied with same generalities and absolutes of nemesis in intentional killing and doesn’t know blindness solely as criminal responsibility and justifying crime, and by considering practices appearances, conceives anybody as responsible of his intentional consequences and results. Manuscript profile
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  2 - Husserl on Consciousness of Internal Time
  فاطمه راثی
  The phenomenology of time attempts to investigate how is constitutedthe internal time consciousness. In fact phenomenology of timeconsciousnessconcerns itself with the structure of the act of perceivingthat allows us to apprehend a temporal object as unified across itsm More

  The phenomenology of time attempts to investigate how is constitutedthe internal time consciousness. In fact phenomenology of timeconsciousnessconcerns itself with the structure of the act of perceivingthat allows us to apprehend a temporal object as unified across itsmanifold moments. In this approach time is no longer the measure ofmotion, the psychological characters of soul and even thetranscendental presuppositions of cognition. Husserl distinguishes threelevels of time for our consideration: (1) world[ly] or objective time; (2)personalistic or subjective time; and (3) the consciousness of internaltime. According to Husserl our experience of temporal objects consistsof three aspects: 1. protention, 2. retention and 3. primal impression.Protention is a process by which anticipations are formed concerningwhat will shortly be experienced (in primal impression). 2- Retention isa process by which something that is experienced-as-present remains inconsciousness and sinks back. 3- Primal impression which is thecomponent of consciousness that is narrowly directed toward the nowphase of the object. The primal impression cannot be thoughtindependently of its temporal horizon. Thus all experience entails atemporal horizon. This article attempt to explain Husserl's account oftime-consciousness. Manuscript profile
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  3 - Investigating the degrees of premeditated murder based on the psychological element with emphasis on Quranic texts
  Hamidreza Dejan Mehdi Sabooripour Mahmoud Ruh Al-Amini Seyed Mehdi Ahmadi Mousavi
  10.30495/qsf.2021.683450
  In Iranian legislative systems, unlike other legal systems, the classification of murder is not recognized. Now the important question is, how can combine the "standard criterion" that is the criterion in "acting typically causing murder another" with the personal crite More

  In Iranian legislative systems, unlike other legal systems, the classification of murder is not recognized. Now the important question is, how can combine the "standard criterion" that is the criterion in "acting typically causing murder another" with the personal criterion based on "perpetrator awareness and attention"? The answer is that materially and externally, the perpetrator's action should not be based on a certain criterion, i.e, from the point of view of a "normal person", in most cases, it leads to the murder of another, and unintentional murder, but also from a psychological point of view, should be found that he was aware of this. In this article, while analyzing the concept of jurisprudential and classical premeditated murder, we examined its degrees according to the severity of criminal intent and concluded that the type of grading is both effective in the amount of punishment and it can be in accordance with the principles of criminal justice. Manuscript profile
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  4 - Position of work in human’s life
  Hosein Jamali Zadeh
  Contemplation in Islamic sources the importance and value of work and working from Islam’s point of view would be clarified; it insists on its crucial role in life and knows it as a principle for living. In case of tribulation, other elements would More

  Contemplation in Islamic sources the importance and value of work and working from Islam’s point of view would be clarified; it insists on its crucial role in life and knows it as a principle for living. In case of tribulation, other elements would be damaged as well. In other words, attempting for life and living and working in order to produce and meet the needs is known as a duty by Islam which causes a close relationship with God. The Prophet and other Imams did the same in order to make such relation. Manuscript profile
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  5 - The legal nature of Ransom
  Majid Khazaie
  One of the most important aspects of ransom is its legal nature; whether the ransom payment is because of its punishment nature or of its wreck or both ones. The other point is that the legal nature of ransom would have functional effects in commandment a More

  One of the most important aspects of ransom is its legal nature; whether the ransom payment is because of its punishment nature or of its wreck or both ones. The other point is that the legal nature of ransom would have functional effects in commandment and if yes it should be argued that why there is no discussion in juridical books. The present article attempts to study the reasons of ransom wrecks and punishments and finally surveys on the offered solutions for the related issues. Manuscript profile
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  6 - An analysis & new point of view for the word nemesis in 622 article of the penal law established at 1392
  Seyed Ali Rabbani Mousaviyan Roghayeh Nasiri
  Abortion is said to be either deliberate or self-embryo extinction before being able to live outside the womb. One of the kinds of abortions is the intentional abortion of the fetus. There is a dispute between the Islamic jurists and the lawyers about the punishment of More

  Abortion is said to be either deliberate or self-embryo extinction before being able to live outside the womb. One of the kinds of abortions is the intentional abortion of the fetus. There is a dispute between the Islamic jurists and the lawyers about the punishment of this type of abortion. The famous jurisprudents consider it punishable as  Qisas , as the Islamic Penal Code of 1370 has also stated on this basis. In the New Penal Code of 1392, this term  is ambiguous. In this research, it has been tried to reveal this ambiguity with an analytical review of the word qisas in Article 622 and to explain the correct view. Meanwhile, in the introduction, there is a brief glance at the laws of other countries on the issue of abortion and, while providing statistical information on this, will clarify the position of Iran's laws in discussing abortion with the laws of other countries. Findings of the research suggest that  like many countries , Iranian domestic laws, considering the impact of religion and human aspects, , except in certain cases, do not allow this practice, and also shows that the purpose of the term "qisas" according to the evidence Legal evidence and jurisprudential principles.  Contrary to the famous point of view,  there  should be  Qisas against the full fetus whose soul has been blown in, not  one against the mother, as the famous  Islamic jurisprudents  point out this view. Manuscript profile
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  7 - A comparative study of the crime of premeditated murder in Islamic jurisprudential religions and the Iraqi Penal Code with emphasis on its punishment
  Syede parisa Andak Seyed Ali Rabbani Mousaviyan
  One of the most important crimes among crimes, but also the most serious, is premeditated murder, and the punishment for premeditated murder in Islamic jurisprudence is called retribution for jurists. In the jurisprudence of Islamic religions, there are many commonaliti More

  One of the most important crimes among crimes, but also the most serious, is premeditated murder, and the punishment for premeditated murder in Islamic jurisprudence is called retribution for jurists. In the jurisprudence of Islamic religions, there are many commonalities in this issue, and only sometimes they disagree on the elements of retribution. The present study tries to analyze the method of sharing and differentiating the punishment of premeditated murder from the point of view of the jurists of khamseh religions and the Iraqi penal code by analytical and descriptive method and by library method and determine the effectiveness of the Iraqi penal code from these religions. Findings indicate that the punishment for premeditated murder In Islamic jurisprudence and in Iraq it is considered one of the three punishment of life imprisonment or temporary imprisonment, execution and life imprisonment of execution. In Islamic jurisprudence, the main punishment for premeditated murder is retribution, and in Iraq, the main punishment for intentional homicide in temporary or permanent imprisonment. In special cases, the death penalty is punishable by death, although these are the most common forms of murder deliberately included. Meanwhile, the president is an exception, and according to the Iraq penal code, the initial and unconditional punishment for the executioner has been set. Manuscript profile
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  8 - The Main Factors affecting Happiness in Veteran's
  اعظم نوفرستی نیما گنجی علی اکبر سلیمانی
  The purpose of the study was to specify factors that influence happiness in Veterans. The research design was descriptive and correlational. All of the veterans in iran in 2012 were the population in this research. From among them, 1135 veterans from 10 provinces were s More

  The purpose of the study was to specify factors that influence happiness in Veterans. The research design was descriptive and correlational. All of the veterans in iran in 2012 were the population in this research. From among them, 1135 veterans from 10 provinces were selected based on stratified quota sampling. Then, they completed Argyle Oxford Happiness Inventory (1995), the Big Five Inventory of John, Donahue and Kentle (1991), a researcher-made Noferesti Intentional Activity Scale (2012) and the demographic questionnaire. Data were analyzed using stepwise multiple regression analysis. Findings showed that the most important factors in happiness were: neuroticism, extroversion, intentional activities, physical health and income (P<0.0001). Manuscript profile
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  9 - The consequences of changing the gender of couples in issues of Qisas and diyāt
  Sayyed mohammad Hoseini
  10.30495/iifs.2022.695080
  Aim: Since in the Islamic legal system, men and women are retaliated against each other, the main purpose of the present study is to answer the question: what effect does a change in the gender of the criminal or the victim have on Qisas and the amount of diyā? Method: More

  Aim: Since in the Islamic legal system, men and women are retaliated against each other, the main purpose of the present study is to answer the question: what effect does a change in the gender of the criminal or the victim have on Qisas and the amount of diyā? Method:  This research applies the descriptive-analytical method and analyzes the arguments of Imamiyyah jurists.  Findings: The findings of this study indicated that in the issue of diyā, gender change does not make any difference in the diyā that was determined as the responsibility of the person before this, but diyā after gender change is calculated according to the new gender. Regarding Qisas, if a woman commits a crime that requires retribution before changing her gender, gender change does not affect her Qisas.  But if the perpetrator of the crime is a man and next of kin of the slain person asks for his Qisas, he must pay the difference in diyā, and after that the sentence of the murderer will be executed. If there is a delay in the execution of the sentence of Qisas and the gender of the killer is changed to a woman, then there are two possibilities for Qisas. Conclusion: According to the correct probability, after the gender change, the murderer's sentence, which was proportional to his gender, will be proportional to his new gender. Manuscript profile
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  10 - Studying Deliberate Learning Mechanisms to Stimulate Strategic Innovation Capacity
  Rezavan Sabzeali
  After reviewing the relevant literature that took place on strategic innovation capacity of a firm foundation of knowledge was revealed that researchers focus on the process and the network knowledge and emphasis is less on overall strategic approach. Structural studies More

  After reviewing the relevant literature that took place on strategic innovation capacity of a firm foundation of knowledge was revealed that researchers focus on the process and the network knowledge and emphasis is less on overall strategic approach. Structural studies and background information, the authors reinterpret capacity from a cognitive perspective stimulate and suggests that the mechanism can surround certain functions to detect deliberate re-integrate and exploit new ways to affect pricing. After analyzing the data using structural equation modeling techniques, deliberate learning mechanisms for recognition of strategic innovation capacity is not confirmed but the positive impact of deliberate learning mechanisms for the capture and exploitation of strategic innovation capacity has been approved.             Manuscript profile
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  11 - Examining the factors affecting the occurrence of a murder: Meta-synthesis Of researches of the period 1377-1400
  Taha Ashayeri Tahereh Jahanparvar alham abbasi mostafa bazgir
  Introduction: Murder is the killing or taking and taking of another human life with any purpose Murder; Killing and taking the life of another human being with any motive is considered as a violent social crime. The purpose of this study is to study the factors affectin More

  Introduction: Murder is the killing or taking and taking of another human life with any purpose Murder; Killing and taking the life of another human being with any motive is considered as a violent social crime. The purpose of this study is to study the factors affecting the occurrence of murder and to present socio-cultural solutions. The research method is meta-combined and its statistical population is 38 case studies (quantitative + qualitative) in full and intentional in the period of 1998 to 2021. The results show that 1. Cultural index (tribal, value and attitude factors) 2. Economic (differences, gaps and structural factors); 3. Social (climatic-environmental, interactive, profile factors, family institution, addiction, capital, social control, structural and normative); 4. Psycho-personality and 5. Demographic (socio-economic status, age, gender, marital status, employment status, ethnicity, level of education, place of residence, family size, place of birth, time and season of the incident) were effective in the murder. Is. Iranian society is transitioning from traditional conditions (lifestyle) to modern (individualism and social modernization) and due to lack of coordination of social institutions (value-institutional conflict), class gap, social failure and social disorganization, society is dysfunctional and conditions Anomic (accumulation of socio-economic pressures) and due to lack of coordination of society with new conditions and solving the needs of society (unbalanced development, social conflict, cultural turmoil, family institution disorder, economic pressure on social classes, feelings of injustice and relative deprivation), murder Has also increased. In a sense, murder is an individual behavior, but a social action that the conditions of society (the above five factors) facilitate the grounds for attempted murder Manuscript profile
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  12 - Examination of the components of Sayyid Qutb's political approach in Tafsir Fi-Zalal-e-Qur'an; based on Skinner's intentional hermeneutic method
  leda madade hosain khoshdel mofrad mohamad nasehi
  Abstract:The political orientation to the interpretation of the Holy Quran has been one of the interpretation methods and one of the innovations of the commentators of the Holy Quran in recent centuries. According to this trend, the commentators seek to find answers to More

  Abstract:The political orientation to the interpretation of the Holy Quran has been one of the interpretation methods and one of the innovations of the commentators of the Holy Quran in recent centuries. According to this trend, the commentators seek to find answers to the political issues of the societies and seek the solution to the problems and problems from the Holy Quran. Sayyid Qutb's comments regarding political issues in this interpretation are facing challenges, the nature of which is the problem of this article. The method of collecting information in this research is library and documentary and with descriptive and analytical methods. has been placed. In order to achieve this purpose, using Quentin Skinner's hermeneutic intentionalist methodological model, the understanding and decoding of the hidden meaning behind Seyyed Qutb's opinions was discussed. Based on the findings and results of the article, the dual linguistic and intellectual fields such as the influence of the political family, the internal crises of the Islamic world, joining the Muslim Brotherhood, the intellectual influence of the Al-Manar movement, the influence of the contemporary Salafi movement and imprisonment on the one hand, and practical and environmental contexts such as governance Religion, Jahili society, influence on radical groups, instrumental view of religion, strong stance on people of the book and strict criticism of western civilization on the other hand, caused Seyyid Qutb to adopt the method of political interpretation Manuscript profile
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  13 - The Position of Responsibility and Compensation in the Light of Quasi-Criminal Law in the Penal System of Iran and the United Kingdom
  MohammadReza Golpayegani Nasrin Mehra Mohammad Ali Mahdavi Sabet Ali Safari
  This article aims to examine the criminal system of Iran and the United Kingdom regarding compensation for unintentional crimes. The question of the present article is about compensation for unintentional crimes in Iranian and British law, which was analyzed using a des More

  This article aims to examine the criminal system of Iran and the United Kingdom regarding compensation for unintentional crimes. The question of the present article is about compensation for unintentional crimes in Iranian and British law, which was analyzed using a descriptive analytical method and was investigated using a library method.  The results of the article showed that in the criminal system of Iran, the rights of victims of quasi-crime do not have a proper place, and in the legislative policies, the compensation of their losses is not paid much attention, but in the criminal system of the United Kingdom, there are comprehensive regulations regarding the compensation of victims of quasi-crime. In Iran's courts, compensation for non-intentional crimes is done after proving the violation of a legal provision as a result of carelessness or recklessness, and in the courts of the United Kingdom, compensation is done after proving the violation of a legal obligation. Manuscript profile
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  14 - Jurisprudential and legal challenges of intentional homicide caused by omission
  Ahmad Beiramian Abasali Akbari
  10.3495/jiil.2023.707918
  Caution in the blood of Muslims is one of the Islamic principles of jurisprudence. This means that the perpetrator of the crime cannot be punished for the slightest reason, especially where the perpetrator does not do a positive act, but the legislator has a different s More

  Caution in the blood of Muslims is one of the Islamic principles of jurisprudence. This means that the perpetrator of the crime cannot be punished for the slightest reason, especially where the perpetrator does not do a positive act, but the legislator has a different story in Article of 295 of the Islamic Penal Code, and if there are circumstances, he can make the perpetrator guilty and attribute the result is assumed to him. This is against the fact that with regard to the omission of actions that lead to the death of the victim, with the mental element of intent, it becomes the crime of intentional homicide, and the punishment for it is qisas, and in conflict with principles such as caution in the blood of Muslims and the rule of Dar' and presumption of Innocence. Some jurists say that something without an object cannot be given an object, therefore, they have rejected the possibility of reference. Among the challenges faced by Article 295 of the Islamic Penal Code, the examination of the method of determining the causal relationship between the omission of the act and the harmful result, which, considering the various fatwas of jurists and the opinions of legal scholars, will make it difficult to establish the causal relationship. There are other challenges in this article that have made this article worthy of attention Manuscript profile
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  15 - تاثیر سازمان دهنده های گرافیکی ایجاد شده توسط مدرس، توسط فراگیر به صورت انفرادی و توسط فراگیران به صورت گروهی بر دانش واژگانی فراگیران انگلیسی به عنوان زبان خارجی
  منصوره مجاوریان حسین سیاه پوش مهران داوری بینا
  10.30495/jal.2022.690028
  مدرسان از تدابیر مختلف برای بهبود عملکرد آموزش واژگان خود استفاده میکنند. یکی از راهبردهای تدریس واژگان که در دو دهه ی اخیر مورد استفاده قرار گرفته سازمان دهنده گرافیکی است. اگرچه نتایج قبلی نشان میدهد که سازمان دهنده گرافیکی تاثیر مثبتی بر دانش واژگان فراگیران زبان دوم More

  مدرسان از تدابیر مختلف برای بهبود عملکرد آموزش واژگان خود استفاده میکنند. یکی از راهبردهای تدریس واژگان که در دو دهه ی اخیر مورد استفاده قرار گرفته سازمان دهنده گرافیکی است. اگرچه نتایج قبلی نشان میدهد که سازمان دهنده گرافیکی تاثیر مثبتی بر دانش واژگان فراگیران زبان دوم میگذارد، توجه اندکی به تفاوتهای ممکن بین تاثیر سازمان دهنده های ایجاد شده توسط مدرس، توسط فراگیر به طور انفرادی و توسط گروهی از فراگیران بر میزان دانش واژگان زبان دوم ایشان شده است. پژوهش حاضر این موضوع را با بررسی 80 فراگیر سطح متوسط بررسی کرد. شرکت کنندگان، که در چهار کلاس زبان انگلیسی بودند، بر اساس نمونه گیری در دسترس انتخاب شدند. فراگیران در گروه سنتی برای واژگان تعریف و یا ترجمه دریافت کردند. آنهایی که در گروه سازمان دهنده ایجاد شده توسط معلم بودند، سازمان دهنده ها را به طور آماده از مدرس خود میگرفتند و شرکت کنندگان در دو گروه دیگر سازمان دهنده ها به طور انفرادی و یا گروهی آماده میشدند. پژوهشگران از مقیاس دانش واژگان به عنوان پیش آزمون، پس آزمون بلافاصله، و پس آزمون با وقفه برای سنجش دانش واژگانی فراگیران استفاده کردند. نتایج نشان داد که نمرات میانگین افراد حاضر در گروه کنترل درهر دو پس آزمون به طور معناداری کمتر از نمرات دیگر گروه ها بود. علاوه بر این، گروه سازمان دهنده ی گرافیکی گروهی به طور چشمگیری موفقتر از گروههای دیگر بود، اما تفاوت معناداری بین نمرات افراد حاضر در گروههای سازمان دهنده های انفرادی و ایجاد شده توسط مدرس وجود نداشت. Manuscript profile
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  16 - Deadline for Payment of Blood Money in Quasi-intentional Murder
  mohammad mohseni dehkalani ali mohammadian elaheh gholizadeh
  Lawmaker in new Islamic penal code in chapter five of general articles of atonements, under paragraph b of article 488, has determined two years deadline for payment atonement in quasi-intentional murder, as the murderer is required to pay half of atonement per year. Th More

  Lawmaker in new Islamic penal code in chapter five of general articles of atonements, under paragraph b of article 488, has determined two years deadline for payment atonement in quasi-intentional murder, as the murderer is required to pay half of atonement per year. This viewpoint is accompanied agreement of famous Imam Jurists with itself. The main famous reason after consensus, is being "different criteria". They believe since the quasi-intentional murder is lighter than first degree murder, and harder than chance-medley, and as respects in first degree murder that causing atonement and chance-medley murderer have to paid atonement respectively in one and three years so in quasi-intentional murder naturally this term should be two years. The author with conflict in was claimed consensus and denial mentioned credit reason and cited to evidence predications of deadline for payment atonement, and also cited to practical principle in position, respite and term payment of mentioned atonement knows three years. Manuscript profile
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  17 - Investigating the spiritual element of the crime of Insult to the Prophet (s)
  ardavan arzhang hosian haghani khah
  10.22034/ijrj.2023.1932714.3783
  The spiritual element, along with the legal element and the legal element, are considered as elements of criminal responsibility. The spiritual element of the crime (criminal intent) usually does not often have a physical appearance. The realization of this element is m More

  The spiritual element, along with the legal element and the legal element, are considered as elements of criminal responsibility. The spiritual element of the crime (criminal intent) usually does not often have a physical appearance. The realization of this element is more important in some crimes, especially in the crime of Sabb al-Nabi, which is punishable by life. In the crime of blasphemy, the general intention is the will and intention of blasphemy and insult, which, of course, ridicule, anger, drunkenness and reluctance, are violations of this will and intention, and are partially the abolition of the death penalty. As for special malice, because slander is an insult, its specific intention is to insult the intention of humiliating and humiliating another. This study examines the jurisprudence of general and specific intent of this crime and has a critical look at the Islamic Penal Code.this crime and has a critical look at the Islamic Penal Code. Manuscript profile
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  18 - Judicial and Legal Investigation of Murdering Arising from Uncertainty in Target with a View on Islamic Penal Code
  Kiyoumars kalantari Farshad shirzadifar
  Uncertainty or error in word means mistake, ignorance and unawareness. And in legal sense it means that the murderer targets an objective person but hits somebody else and kills him/her for any reason including lack of skill or involuntary causes. In respect to the impa More

  Uncertainty or error in word means mistake, ignorance and unawareness. And in legal sense it means that the murderer targets an objective person but hits somebody else and kills him/her for any reason including lack of skill or involuntary causes. In respect to the impact of error in target on nature of murder, it seems two modes should be distinguished: 1- If a person intends to shoot on a punishable thing, animal or person and his shoot would go wrong and hit a respectful one, in this case the murder is considered as pure error.2- If a person intends to shoot on a respectful one, but his shoot would go wrong and kill another respectful person, this case is assumed as intentional murder according to criminal rights logic. Regarding Shiite jurists view on error in targeting, most of them assume this kind of murder as pure error without distinguishing between shooting to a punishable or a respectful person. The same case is seen in Article 296 Islamic Penal Code (1370). Fortunately, by deleting old article 296 and registering Clause “D” Article 290, the new legislator has been trying to declare that error in targeting where both primary and final target are respectful persons, has no impact on the nature of murder (as according to Article 294, error in identity has no impact on the nature of murder) because if we accept that legislator’s goal is to protect each person not one or some specific one (s), then there is no difference who would be murdered at the end. The important point is that a respectful person is murdered so the murder is considered as intentional murder. Manuscript profile
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  19 - Study of the Social Aspect of Intentional Crimes against Physical Integrity in the Islamic Jurisprudence and the laws of of Islamic countries with Emphasis on the Iranian Law
  Ruhollah Akrami Masoud Heidari
  10.22034/ijrj.2021.684729
  The intentional Crimes against physical integrity are among the crimes in which the private aspect is very colorful due to the direct harm to individuals. Therefore, the retribution as the main penalty like the blood money is given to victim or his/her parents. This iss More

  The intentional Crimes against physical integrity are among the crimes in which the private aspect is very colorful due to the direct harm to individuals. Therefore, the retribution as the main penalty like the blood money is given to victim or his/her parents. This issue has led some to ignore the separate right to punishment for society. In Islamic jurisprudence and consequently in the regulations of Iran, the discussion of the legitimacy of the ta'zir of the perpetrator in in case of retribution, the subject of the social aspect of crime, had become one of the challenging issues after the victory of the Islamic Revolution. In the Islamic Penal code adopted in 2013, by enacting general provisions in Article 447, has tried to regulate the ta'zir of the crimes in a disciplined manner, although the amount of ta'zir, especially in the case of physical crimes less than murder, is very ambiguous. In other Islamic countries, too, the social aspect of the crime has been recognized. In the present article, with a descriptive analytical method, this issue has been studied in a comparative manner according to the jurisprudential principles which indicated the strength of the position of identifying the social aspect of intentional crimes in perspective of jurisprudential documents. In addition in our legal system, the punishment of social aspect in murder according to Article 612 of the Book of Ta'zirat, and Physical crimes less than murder, if they are examples specified in Article 614 or committed with a weapon, will be determined in accordance with this article, otherwise alternative punishments of imprisonment will be imposed. Manuscript profile
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  20 - The Impact of the Death of the Intentional Murderer in Constancy of Blood Money in the Criminal Law of Iran
  Majid ghourchibaygi Ali Maleki
  10.22034/ijrj.2020.673327
  The death of the intentional murderer is one of the instances that renders impossible the execution of retaliation (qisas) since the location for the execution of the retaliation which is the physical body of the murderer is eliminated. There has long been controversy a More

  The death of the intentional murderer is one of the instances that renders impossible the execution of retaliation (qisas) since the location for the execution of the retaliation which is the physical body of the murderer is eliminated. There has long been controversy among jurists over the payment of blood money for murder in the case of the death of the murderer in deliberate homicide. Some jurists believe in the lapse of blood money with the death of the murderer. On the other hand, some other jurists consider the constancy of the payment of blood money with the impossibility of retaliation.  And some even consider an elaboration and take a middle ground.  Legislature is also affected by this diversity so that, before the approval of penal code in 1392, the legislators approved the lapse of blood money, but in the new penal code the previous attitude was abandoned and constancy of blood money is accepted. This paper examines the reasons and evidence of the opponents and advocates and elaborates on the quality of the inclusion in the rule of "No-Waste of Muslim Blood" on the issue of the death of the intentional murderer and considers the aforementioned rule is as the reason behind the ascertainment of blood money. This paper also demonstrates that, in the three situations recognized by tradition, the person responsible for payment of blood money differs in the death of the murderer of the third party compared to the two other kinds of murder. Manuscript profile
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  21 - Diya and its compatibility with the six titles
  Fatima Gilak
  Blood money and itsaccordance to the sixtopics Dr seyed Mohammad Sadegh Mousavi Fatemeh Gilak Abstract Islam has also set special laws regarding the individual and social rights of man. One of these laws which is the right of a muslim whose blood has been wrondy More

  Blood money and itsaccordance to the sixtopics Dr seyed Mohammad Sadegh Mousavi Fatemeh Gilak Abstract Islam has also set special laws regarding the individual and social rights of man. One of these laws which is the right of a muslim whose blood has been wrondy spilled is nemesis and payment of blood- money, which is required for first degree murder and manslaughter. In Islam, frist degree murder has been defined under six headings. These headings consist of one-hundred camels, two-hundred cows, one-thousand sheep, one- thousand Dinars, ten-thousand Derhams, and two- hundred"Helleho", Furthermore, in the true religion of Islam, nemesis for harm to loody parts, profits, and the senses is also required. From the past until now, religious experts and scholars have analysed these points, andimportantissus have been set forth, Hence, this study looks, into the analysis of these points. Keywords: Blood money, Second degree murder, Man slaughter, Absolutely erroneous, First degree murder. Manuscript profile
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  22 - Mind and Reality in Farabi's philosophy
  Mahdi Abbaszadeh
  The discussion of mind and reality and the relation between the two, apart from its prevalence in earlier philosophy, especially Islamic philosophy, is also one of the new debates in philosophy and epistemology. In the present article, below the debate, we will deal wit More

  The discussion of mind and reality and the relation between the two, apart from its prevalence in earlier philosophy, especially Islamic philosophy, is also one of the new debates in philosophy and epistemology. In the present article, below the debate, we will deal with the key issues such as intentionality, the relation between mind and reality, and ultimately the secondary concepts from Farabi’s perspective. Farabi in his various works and texts has been more or less consider to the discussion of the above issues. From his works and texts can be deduced that in his discussion of intentionality, he views knowledge (mind) as belonging to reality; he also gives a considerable explanation of the relation between mind and reality or , in another words, knower and known; And for the first time in Islamic philosophy, he has considered secondary concepts and has clearly distinguished them from primary concepts, though he has not been deal with philosophical secondary concepts which fills the void of mind and reality. Farabi has been preparing in these discussions, and from this point, influencing later Islamic philosophers such as Ibn-e Sina, Nasir ul-Din Tusi, and Sadr ul-Mutaallehin. Manuscript profile
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  23 - A Critical Examination of the Structure of "Intention" from Donald Davidson and Mulla Sadra’s Viewpoint
  Fatemeh Sadat Ketabchi Keramat Varzdar
  The basic issue of this research is to examine and analyze the definition of "intention" in the philosophy of Davidson and Mulla Sadra, and its purpose is to distinguish "intentional action" from "unintentional". Clarifying the nature of this action and its precise defi More

  The basic issue of this research is to examine and analyze the definition of "intention" in the philosophy of Davidson and Mulla Sadra, and its purpose is to distinguish "intentional action" from "unintentional". Clarifying the nature of this action and its precise definition is important in practical wisdom and some sciences such as jurisprudence, law, and ethics; because the subject of these sciences is intentional action. Davidson does not consider "intention" to be an independent mental state and reduces it to "the causality of belief and desire in performing an action"; therefore, an action is an intention if and only if it is the effect of the desire and belief of the agent. Mulla Sadra is also reductionist about "intention", but unlike Davidson, he considers an intentional action as an action resulting from "the will and the Second-order awareness of the agent for the purpose of the action". The results of this research, which were obtained based on the descriptive-analytical method and through the analysis of the logical requirements of the concept of "intention", show that Davidson's definition, due to facing problems such as "non-reduction of desire to will" and "deviant causal chain"; does not prevent others. As a result, Mulla Sadra’s definition of "intention" and "intentional action" is more defensible than his definition. Manuscript profile
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  24 - The inclusion of representational theories about phenomenal features
  Mahdi Homazadeh Abyaneh
  The paper deals with a particular group of objections against representational theories about phenomenal experiences. The author, primarily, illustrates the importance of representational theories and clarifies some helpful categories of representational versions which More

  The paper deals with a particular group of objections against representational theories about phenomenal experiences. The author, primarily, illustrates the importance of representational theories and clarifies some helpful categories of representational versions which has used in the paper. Then, it focuses on an especial group of objections against the inclusion of these theories. This group of objections undermines the inclusion of representationalism about "bodily sensations" and "intentional states". Opponents, in fact, make some doubts that representational approach cannot explain the phenomenal character of bodily sensations and intentional states. The paper has described these two difficulties, the first one has been discussed among scholars and the later represented by the author. It, finally, peruses the actual and potential responses of representationalists and, then, concludes that representational theories can come over the objections about bodily sensations, but they should give some explaination in order to unravel the objections about intentional states. Manuscript profile
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  25 - Investigation the typically deadly acts and lethal weapon in Iranian criminal law (according to the Islamic Penal Code adopted in 1392)
  masoud Fadaei Dehcheshmeh Asal Azemeyan amir Soleymani
  "Intent to typically deadly act" is a phrase that is specified in the articles related to premeditated murder (paragraphs b and c of Article 206 of the Law of 1991 and paragraphs B and C of Article 290 of the Law adopted in 2013); This restriction is interpreted in diff More

  "Intent to typically deadly act" is a phrase that is specified in the articles related to premeditated murder (paragraphs b and c of Article 206 of the Law of 1991 and paragraphs B and C of Article 290 of the Law adopted in 2013); This restriction is interpreted in different ways by the legislature in the terminology of jurists in terms of not providing a definition of it. The important point is that this rule merges with kind of murder which used instrument in, and causes ambiguities that some consider typically deadly acts mean same as the murder which used instrumet.It was sufficient Judicialy the mere of the using deadly weapon regardless of the position of the blow, the sensitivity and the absence of the position to carry out the premeditated murder. We believe that both of, "typically lethal" and "lethal weapon," are two separate concepts, meaning that the lethal weapon is the instrument used in murder and does not have a specif meaning in murder, and only should He looked at it to prove the murder and the means by which the murder was committed. In this article, we intend to address some of the ambiguities and drawbacks about this approach and its distinction from the instrument used in murder. This research has been done in the form of a library-documents that we first found the source in relation to the subject according to the subject and then studied the field by gathering resources. Manuscript profile
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  26 - Investigating jurisprudent basis responsibility results of Crona virus spreading
  masooma rezaee zahra Fehreste
  Crona virus is a new desease which has caused many people to die in a short time and this transmitters play an important and basic role in spreading this virus. Investigating this virus in jurisprudence point of view makes a challenge that what is the lawful and jurispr More

  Crona virus is a new desease which has caused many people to die in a short time and this transmitters play an important and basic role in spreading this virus. Investigating this virus in jurisprudence point of view makes a challenge that what is the lawful and jurisprudent results of viruse transmission to the others? If transmitter have committed to a crime and he /she must be punished? or must pays penalties and compensates the losses? It does have various aspects and every which does have certain law. It could be possible that he / she intentionally, transmits virus to the others consciously or unintentionally does that inadvertently and causes the others to die According to jurisprudence basic, making losses or damages, except for exceptions , is considered as crime and considering it is intentionally or else, leads to punishment or penalties. Recently, some of the religious authorities started to give idea of this important point and noted that transmitters are responsible for penalties and medical costs if he/ she does that carelessly. In this article which has done based on library method, it is attempted to provide accurate and credit answer base on jurisprudent - lawful literature according to jurisprudent basis Manuscript profile
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  27 - The role of informal actors in responding to unintentional crimes causes diyat
  mostafa Kafi mohsen shekarchizadeh Ahmadreza tavakoli
  Abstract:. The broad definition of criminal policy emphasizes the role of public institutions in partnering with formal institutions in combating the criminal phenomenon, and therefore participatory criminal policy means the broad participation of public institutions al More

  Abstract:. The broad definition of criminal policy emphasizes the role of public institutions in partnering with formal institutions in combating the criminal phenomenon, and therefore participatory criminal policy means the broad participation of public institutions alongside formal and governmental institutions in response to crime. Diyat in unintentional crimes is more than a criminal form, it is a legal framework for compensating and compensating the victim, therefore, due to the existence of significant capacities such as labor dispute resolution authorities, primary and renewal boards. According to the medical system, the bodily injury insurance fund, dispute resolution councils, mediating authorities, etc., it is possible to handle cases related to blood money in unintentional crimes, such as work-related accidents, sports accidents, medical accidents and accidents. Driving is crystallized with the participation of informal and non-governmental institutions and, according to criminal policy scholars, public institutions and not only by the court as a formal government institution, which in addition to reducing the entry of cases to the judiciary, avoids From labeling, reducing trial delays, de-judicialization, using the capacities of civil institutions in resolving disputes, tending to a restorative approach in dealing with crimes and protecting the rights of both parties to the lawsuit, and dealing appropriately and distinctly with other perpetrators of intentional crimes in court. Manuscript profile
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  28 - The role of Strategic Thinking in Structural Complexity of an Organization
  hamidreza ghasemi masoume feyzi
  The strategic thinking is considered as the core of creating a competitive advantage in an environment that its feature is complexity of constant change. Nowadays strategic thinking is known as a trump card in various field of economic and social object. They have More

  The strategic thinking is considered as the core of creating a competitive advantage in an environment that its feature is complexity of constant change. Nowadays strategic thinking is known as a trump card in various field of economic and social object. They have emphasized more on this point that senior managers must be equipped with an important tool which is called strategic thinking.This research investigates the role of strategic thinking in structural complexity, and effects of these factors to each others. Causative research has been done by means of questions including 50 questions and sample size of 327 in Hepco Company of Arak. Analysis of information has been carried out by multivariate regression equation and Structural equation. Common aspect of these two analyses can be considered as the main findings of this research. Findings showed that systematic approach, hypothetic-centered have had significant effect on vertical and horizontal separation. But components of intellectual opportunism and thinking over the time have not had significant effect on vertical and horizontal complexity. Manuscript profile