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Open Access Article
1 - Study of the water quality parameters of the inlet and outlet water of a rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) farm on the water quality parameters in Masouleh River, Guilan province
Reza Farzi Najme Tabasinezhad Azin Ahmadi Hamed Mosavi-Sabet Javid Imanpour NaminIn the last few decades, the construction of fish farms on the banks of rivers has increased significantly. The purpose of this study was to investigate the quality of the inlet and outlet water of the rainbow trout farm and also to investigate the effects of the efflue MoreIn the last few decades, the construction of fish farms on the banks of rivers has increased significantly. The purpose of this study was to investigate the quality of the inlet and outlet water of the rainbow trout farm and also to investigate the effects of the effluent on the water quality parameters of the Masouleh River located in Guilan Province. To perform this study, three stations including the control station at the entrance of the farm, the second station at the outlet of the farm effluent and the third station at a distance of less than 100 m after the outlet of the farm were sampled once every fifteen days for three months (November, December, and January 2019). The results of the study showed that the farm output water had a significant effect on water quality indices such as temperature, acidity (pH), dissolved oxygen (DO), nitrite (NO2-), nitrate (NO3-) and ammonia. The level of dissolved oxygen in the outlet water in the first two months of the sampling (5.75 ± 0.18 mg/L) had a significant decrease (P<0.05) compared to the inlet water and the acidity, nitrate, nitrite and water hardness values in the outlet water (8.23 ± 0.09, 4.83 ± 0.15, 0.09 ± 0.07, 7.55 ± 0.18, respectively) showed a significant increase compared to the input water (P<0.05). Also, the comparison between the stations showed that the third station was more polluted than the other stations and the degree of water pollution decreased as the distance from the outlet increased. According to the results of this study, it can be concluded that the output of the fish farming farm has the highest level of pollution compared to other stations due to the use of low-quality commercial feed, high density, and high rearing activity in the farm and as the distance from the farm increases, the level of water pollution decreases due to the process of self-purification of the river. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Assessment of effluent pollution from trout farms: (A case study of Sardab spring of Ardal, Iran)
Sahar Aminian Rasool Zamani-Ahmadmahmoodi Nikokhah NikokhahBackground and Objective: One of the sources of pollution in rivers is effluent discharge from fish farms, which decreases water quality for downstream usage. This study investigated the effects of trout farms’ effluent on the levels of physicochemical parameters in Sar MoreBackground and Objective: One of the sources of pollution in rivers is effluent discharge from fish farms, which decreases water quality for downstream usage. This study investigated the effects of trout farms’ effluent on the levels of physicochemical parameters in Sardab spring. Material and Methodology: To assess contamination from the effluent, five trout farms along the margin of the river were selected. In summer and autumn 2016, this study analyzed the levels of physicochemical parameters of trout farm effluent, such as pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, electrical conductivity, nitrate, ammonia, phosphate and turbidity. Findings: According to the obtained results, no significant differences were detected between pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, ammonia, phosphate, and turbidity in the two seasons (t-test, p>0.05), but a significant difference between levels of nitrate was found in these time periods (t-test, p<0.05). Discussion and Conclusion: The overall level of physicochemical parameters in that summer was higher compared to autumn. The increase in the levels of the investigated parameters in warm weather is probably due to increased temperature and decreased discharge. Rapid population growth in the area of Ardal and the demand for protein foods makes monitoring of the levels of physicochemical parameters of fish farms necessary. In addition to the mentioned factors, increasing the metabolic activities and density of fish in this season can increase the amount of physical and chemical parameters. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Comparison of gamma ray and ultraviolet radiation on regrowth control of microorganism in urban sewage effluent
Amir Hossein Madah Maral khodadadi sanaz khorami pourBackground and Objective:Due to the severe shortage of water resources in Iran, the application of wastewater effluent for agriculture has become inevitable. Disinfection is one of the crucial steps in water treatment. Common disinfection technologies such as chlorinati MoreBackground and Objective:Due to the severe shortage of water resources in Iran, the application of wastewater effluent for agriculture has become inevitable. Disinfection is one of the crucial steps in water treatment. Common disinfection technologies such as chlorination can effectively control microbial pathogens; however, undesirable disinfection byproducts (DBPs) are known to be toxic and carcinogenic. Therefore, the present study aimed to compare disinfection efficiency and regrowth control of microorganisms in urban wastewater effluent using gamma radiation and Ultra Violet treatments. Method: The pre-disinfection effluent (before chlorination unit) was collected from south Tehran wastewater treatment plant, Tehran, Iran. The applied gamma radiation doses were 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 kGy. UV disinfection systems were developed using a reactor with 1 L of liquid volume. The disinfection efficiency was evaluated based on the total colony count and total Coliform. For bacterial regrowth evaluation, the samples were incubated at 22 ◦C, 100rpm for three days in dark condition. Findings: The number of total Coliform in all gamma ray doses was zero at the beginning of the experiment. The re-growth of total Coliform was observed at doses less than 2 kGy. In the treatment of ultraviolet radiation, at the beginning of the experiment, the lowest flow rate had the highest disinfection efficiency. However, after three days, the total Coliform population was higher than the allowed limit in all of the inflow rates. Discussion and Conclusion: Gamma radiation can be applied as an effective alternative technique to UV treatment for disinfection processes without bacterial regrowth. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Optimization of Drainage Design Parameters with the Aim of Reducing Environmental Damage in Steady-State C onditions
Hamed Mazandarani Zadeh Rahime Zadesh Pargo Peyman Daneshkar ArastehBackground and Objective: Diameter, insertion depth and spacing of drainage pipes are three crucial variables in the design of underground drainage network. Effluents have a great potential to leave lots of damage on the environment. The proper selection of design varia MoreBackground and Objective: Diameter, insertion depth and spacing of drainage pipes are three crucial variables in the design of underground drainage network. Effluents have a great potential to leave lots of damage on the environment. The proper selection of design variables can lead to reducing the environmental damage. The purpose of this paper is to provide a model for selecting optimal design parameters for underground drainage systems to reduce environmental damage, in a way that after the discharge of drainage to the river, river salinity concentration does not exceed the acceptable limit. Method: For this purpose, maximization of difference between drainage water salinity and acceptable limit was considered as the objective function. Genetic Algorithm (GA), kind of evolutionary algorithm, has been used to simulate the transmission and the salt Hooghoudt model was used also. In Hooghoudt model water transition to drainage is modeled in two upper and lower individual part. In order to evaluate the proposed model, an agro-industrial unit Salman Farsi was chosen as case study. Matlab software was employed to program the formula and algorithm which has been used in this research, including Hooghoudt salinity transfer simulation function and GA algorithm optimization. Findings: Results show that the pipe depth is complying with minimum allowable depth. In other words, since the objective function of the model is to achieve minimal environmental damage, the minimum depth of installation is generally chosen. Optimum diameter, insertion depth and spacing have been obtained 1.3, 0.1 and 34.3 respectively. The results of the sensitivity of the model to change of the two basic assumptions, minimum allowable depth and stabilize the water table depth stabilizing, shows by increasing the allowable minimum depth of installation, drainage spacing increases and reducing the depth of the water table stabilizing will increase the drainage intervals and leads to increasing the concentration of drainage water discharged to the environment. Discussion and Conclusion: In this study and by using information about the Salman Farsi agro-industry company, to reduce the environmental damage caused by drainage projects, installation depth of drainage should be equal to the minimum allowable depth. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Evaluation of Sustainable Agricultural Patterns for Irrigation with Wastewater Treatment Plant's Effluent from Sabzevar
Seyed Mehdi Hosseinishad Mohammad Hadi Mehdinejad Esmail NasrabadiBackground and Objective: A large part of the water used in big cities change as wastewater. Due to lack of water resources, municipal wastewater treatment plant's effluent can use as one of the important sources of new water in order to the development of green spaces, MoreBackground and Objective: A large part of the water used in big cities change as wastewater. Due to lack of water resources, municipal wastewater treatment plant's effluent can use as one of the important sources of new water in order to the development of green spaces, green belt in around cities and agriculture purposes. Material and Methodology: In this analytical-descriptive study, the degrees of compatibility of various crops with water used in irrigation were studied. For surveying a suitable pattern by wastewater treatment plant's effluent for irrigation agriculture, the quantity and physical and chemical properties of wastewater treatment plant's effluent in sabzevar city have been analyzed. Findings: The results showed that the quantity of wastewater treatment plant's effluent is daily 2000m3. Due to having hot and dry climate and included sand and light soil, crops such as barley, corn, millet, forage, cotton and alfalfa and discreet wheat are good. Discussion and Conclusion: to cropping of legumes and vegetables due to viral and parasitic pollution were avoided and the warm climate in the region which is an increase of salts in the soil surface is avoided. The best irrigation method is subsurface irrigation system. To expand the area under crops in the region was caused stabilizing soil and reduce the adverse effects from winds on the lives in sabzevar city. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Feasibility Study of Mushroom Plant Effluent Treatment Using Chemical and Electrical Coagulation Methods
Abolfazl Ranai Lessan Hossein ZareBackground and Objective: Due to strict environmental laws and the problem of water shortage in recent years, industrial wastewater treatment is necessary for reuse. Mushroom industry effluents due to the use of fertilizers and pesticides, sanitizers and detergents cont MoreBackground and Objective: Due to strict environmental laws and the problem of water shortage in recent years, industrial wastewater treatment is necessary for reuse. Mushroom industry effluents due to the use of fertilizers and pesticides, sanitizers and detergents contain various organic and inorganic pollutants, in which the pollution parameters such as detergent, turbidity, BOD and COD are higher than the standard limits. In this research, the effluent treatment of the mushroom factory has been investigated for reuse in for reuse in mushroom cultivation and composting.Material and Methodology: In this study, electrical and chemical coagulation methods were used to treat the wastewater and remove the parameters of BOD, COD, turbidity and detergent. The electrocoagulation method was performed at potential differences of 10, 20 and 30 volts and at times of 15, 30, 45, 60 and 75 minutes with iron and aluminum electrodes. In the chemical coagulation method, the effect of two coagulants, poly aluminum chloride and aluminum sulfate, in the presence of anionic polyelectrolyte coagulant on the effluent treatment was investigated.Finding: In the electrocoagulation method, at a potential difference of 30 volts for 60 minutes, the removal efficiencies of COD and BOD were 59.1% and 46%, respectively. In chemical coagulation method with coagulant dose of 75 mg/l at pH 6, the highest removal efficiencies for COD, BOD, turbidity and detergent were obtained 61.6, 47.6, 82.1 and 75.5%, respectively.Discussion & Conclusion: The results showed that the removal efficiency of BOD, COD, detergent and turbidity parameters by chemical coagulation is slightly higher than electrocoagulation method. Also, in the chemical coagulation method, poly aluminum chloride coagulant has better performance than both aluminum sulfate and the combination of two coagulants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Efficiency of aluminum sulfate, ferric chloride, poly aluminum chloride, polymer and lime in marble processing effluent treatment
Mohammad Fahiminia Mohsen Ansari Shahram Nazari Gharib Majidi Zahra Ahmadi Vahideh FahiminiaBackground and Objective: Because of high consumption on water in marble processing, issue of water reuse in the process, is essential. Therefore this study was conducted with purpose of survey efficiency of aluminum sulfate, ferric chloride, poly aluminum chloride, pol MoreBackground and Objective: Because of high consumption on water in marble processing, issue of water reuse in the process, is essential. Therefore this study was conducted with purpose of survey efficiency of aluminum sulfate, ferric chloride, poly aluminum chloride, polymer and lime in removal of turbidity, total suspended solids and total solids of marble processing wastewater. Method: This study was performed on laboratory scale and using the jar test. The experiments was done based on various doses of coagulant (25, 50, 75, 100, 200 and 500 mg/l). Steps of rapid mixing, slow mixing and stable was done, and the factors such as turbidity, total suspended solids, total solids, pH, and electrical conductivity (EC) were investigated. Findings: Coagulants efficiency in the turbidity removal was approximately identical. The maximum rates of removal of the turbidity related to lime (99.8%) and a minimum rate of removal was related to aluminum sulfate (86.4%). Poly aluminum chloride and lime were high efficiency in the removal of the total suspended solids. The maximum rates of removal of the total suspended solids related to lime (99.1%) and the minimum rate of removal was related to ferric chloride (57.3%). Alum and polymer efficiency in removal of the total solids was higher than other coagulants. The maximum rates of removal of total solids related to alum (82.5%) and the minimum rate of removal was related to polyaluminum chloride (70%). Discussion and Conclusions: Use of coagulants can increase the treatment efficiency and accelerates return the water to cycle. Alum and lime have high performance in removal of turbidity, total suspended solids, and total solids and can be used for marble processing wastewater treatment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Climate Regulation and Soil by Development of Green Space in an Arid Zone
Azadeh Salehi Masoud Tabari KocheksaraeiThe simplest and most economical technique to reduce CO2 of atmosphere and climate regulationis carbon sequestration in plant and soil by development of vegetation and green space. Impact ofafforestation and soil fertility on soil carbon sequestration and climate regula MoreThe simplest and most economical technique to reduce CO2 of atmosphere and climate regulationis carbon sequestration in plant and soil by development of vegetation and green space. Impact ofafforestation and soil fertility on soil carbon sequestration and climate regulation was investigated, intwo 15-year old stands of needle-leaved (Pinus eldarica) and broad-leaved (Robinia pseudoacacia) in2 areas with different irrigation treatments (municipal effluent and well water) and also a control area(without afforestation), in an arid zone (south of Tehran).For this purpose, sample plots (30 m × 30 m) were systematic-randomly chosen in either of bothstands. In each sample plot, four soil profiles were dug to take the samples in depths of 0-15, 15-30and 30-60 cm. In laboratory, soil organic carbon (SOC) content of soil samples was determined by theWalkley–Black method.The results demonstrated that in each stand there was a significant difference (p<0.01) in theamount of soil carbon sequestration between two irrigation treatments (municipal effluent and wellwater). No significant difference in the amount of soil carbon sequestration of two stands wasdetected, but each stand sequestered higher carbon content in soil compared to that of in control area.In two studied stands, with increasing of soil carbon content, growth parameters and biomasssignificantly (p<0.01) were increased.With regard to more average of wood biomass and carbon sequestration and be evergreen of elderpine trees, can say that afforestation of eldar pine in comparison with block locust has more role indecreasing of air pollution and climate regulation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Determination of Malachite Green in the Effluent Wastewater and Fish Tissues of Fish Farms in Chahar- Mahal and Bakhtiari Province
Abbas Khodabakhshi Mohammad Mahdi Amin Marzieh Vahid Dastjerdi Mohammad Ghasemiyan Afshin EbrahimiOne of the recent environmental problems is the presence of toxic, resistant and potentiallycarcinogenic compounds such as Malachite Green (MG) in effluent wastewater and fish tissues of fishfarms. The aim of this research is the measurement of MG in the effluent wastew MoreOne of the recent environmental problems is the presence of toxic, resistant and potentiallycarcinogenic compounds such as Malachite Green (MG) in effluent wastewater and fish tissues of fishfarms. The aim of this research is the measurement of MG in the effluent wastewater and fish tissuesof fish farms in Chahar- Mahal and Bakhtiari province.In this descriptive cross-sectional study, from total of 50 fish farms, five farms were selected fromthree categories of large, medium, and small scales of fish farms, based on fish production capacity.During three months, effluent wastewater and fish tissue samples were taken monthly and wereanalyzed to detect MG after preparation of the samples. MG analysis was done through Cloud PointExtraction method for effluents samples and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS)method for fish tissue samples.The results of this study showed MG concentration in the fish tissue of fish farms, No.: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,and 6 were 1.6, 0.27, 0.26, 0.45, 0.28, 0.32 mg/kg, respectively. MG concentration in the effluent fishfarms were in the range of 5.7 - 273 ng/l.MG concentrations in the fish tissue in this study area are more than some of international standardssuch as Australia criteria of 0.03 mg/ kg for MG that shows the widespread use of MG in the fish1- Assistant Professor, Environmental Health Group, Faculty of Health, Medical Sciences of Shahrekord, Iran2- Associate Professor, Centre of Research of Environment, Group of Environmental Health Engineers, Facultyof Health, Medical Sciences of Isfahan, Iran3- MSc. Environmental Health Group, Faculty of Health, Medical Sciences of Isfahan, Iran4- Associate Professor, Centre of Research of Environment, Group of Environmental Health Engineers, Facultyof Health, Medical Sciences of Isfahan, Iran5- Associate Professor, Centre of Research of Environment, Group of Environmental Health Engineers, Facultyof Health, Medical Sciences of Isfahan, IranJ.Env.Sci,TechJ.Env. Sci. Tech., Vol 16, No.4, Winter 2015213farms of this study area. However, the concentration of MG in the effluent of fish farms was less thanEuropean standards (Ireland) of 100μg/l. Therefore, because of carcinogenic effects of MG on humanand aquatic life, health and fisheries authorities should take serious measures to prevent the using ofMG, and they must try to use safe alternative materials. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Nutrition Properties of Soil and Leaf of Eldar Pine Trees Irrigated by Municipal Effluent
Azadeh Salehi Masoud Tabari KochksaraeiMunicipal effluents can often contain significant concentrations of organic and inorganic nutrients. There is potential for these nutrients to be used as a fertilizer source when the water is recycled as an irrigation source. Therefore, long-term irrigation with municip MoreMunicipal effluents can often contain significant concentrations of organic and inorganic nutrients. There is potential for these nutrients to be used as a fertilizer source when the water is recycled as an irrigation source. Therefore, long-term irrigation with municipal effluents can add large amounts of nutrients to the soil and plant. A case study was undertaken to assess the impact of municipal effluent irrigation on macro and micro-nutrient (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn) concentration of soil and leaf of eldar pine (Pinus eldarica Medw.) trees, in south of Tehran. For this purpose, Data were collected using technique of systematic random sampling with 4 replicates in two 15 year-old-artificial eldar pine stands 1) under irrigation of municipal effluent and 2) irrigated with well water. Municipal sewage and well water were sampled daily (3 days in each month) from early June to late November. Results indicated that the concentrations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn) in municipal effluent and leaf of trees irrigated with municipal effluent were significantly greater compared with those of well water treatment. Application of municipal effluent resulted in a 1.5-fold increase in the concentrations of soil macro and micro-nutrients. The nutrients showed their greatest values in the upper layer of soil (0-15 cm). Irrigation using municipal effluent did not result in toxicity of nutrients in tree leaf and soil. The macro and micro-nutrient contents of leaf were correlated with their respective value in soil. It might be concluded that the municipal effluents could be utilized as a source of water and nutrients in afforestations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Investigating the effects of trout farms effluent on riverine macrobenthic fauna based on alpha diversity indices and principal component analysis
Lima Tayebi Hadi pourBagher Hamid Farahmand Gholamreza Rafiee Alireza MirvaghefiBackground and Objective: Incerease of fish production and necessity of developing this industry by environmental measures show the importance of studing the aquaculture effects. In this stydy, the alpha biodiversity indices for macrobenthic community in response to tro MoreBackground and Objective: Incerease of fish production and necessity of developing this industry by environmental measures show the importance of studing the aquaculture effects. In this stydy, the alpha biodiversity indices for macrobenthic community in response to trout farm effluent located at Gamsiab River were calculated in 2013. Method: Sampls were collected from four stations at the inflow, outflow, and 500 meter and 1000 meter away from the farm and in three replicates from the middle and sides of the river by surber sampler. After identifying and counting the samples, the different biodiversity indeces including Shanon H', Berger-Parker, Alpha, Casewell, Simpson, Hill-Ho, Margalef and Ept/chir were calculated. Findings: Results showed that EPT/Chir index decreased in the outflow station in all seasons. Changes in alpha biodivesity indeces showed that some indices, such as Alpaha and Hill indices, in most cases decreased in the outflow station, while some others, such as Margalef richness index, increased. PCA analysis showed the relationship between biodiversity indices and both sampeling units in different stations and seasons and EPT/Chir index. Accordingly, all sampeling units were not related to one index and had stronger relationship wih some of the indices. Therefore, it was concluded that index type affects the study. Conclusion: Generally, analysis of the biodiversity indices showed that in different seasons and stations and in changing river conditions these indices had meaningful differences with one another, and did not lead to a single result for health situation of ecosystem. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Comparison of the Efficiency of Fe3O4 Magnetite Nanoparticles and Zero-valent Iron Nanoparticles in the Advanced Oxidation Process Based on Diproxipersulfate in Sewage Treatment of Leather Industry
Seyed mohsen Beladi roya mafigholami Ali Hashemi zavarehBackground and Objective: Industrial wastewater treatment is more difficult than urban sewage due to the presence of various pollutants. Sewage produced in the leather industry should be treated to the environment due to having a pollution load and the presence of high MoreBackground and Objective: Industrial wastewater treatment is more difficult than urban sewage due to the presence of various pollutants. Sewage produced in the leather industry should be treated to the environment due to having a pollution load and the presence of high chloride ion before discharge. The advanced oxidation process based on dioxy persulfate is considered a new process in the presence of active agents. This process has a great capability in wastewater treatment with high pollution. In this study, the anion process of persulfate was used with the activation of magnetic iron (Fe3O4) and zero-valent iron at laboratory scale in order to treat and reduce the organic load (COD) waste water of leather industry. Material and Methodology: In this process, the effect of primary pH variables of wastewater (5-9), reaction time (0-60 minutes), Anion concentration of persulfate (50-200 mg per liter) and the amount of iron-containing nanoparticles (0.5-2 grams per liter) were investigated. Findings: The best conditions of the advanced oxidation process in the presence of zero-valent iron include pH 3، The amount of magnetic iron nanoparticles was equal to one gram per liter and the amount of dioxy persulfate was equal to 100 mg per liter. During the mentioned conditions, the efficiency of the process was achieved by 85 percent. The findings revealed that the initial COD (COD process reduced 3,700 milligrams per liter to below 1,000 milligrams per liter ¬COD final to 555 milligrams per liter. Discussion and Conclusion: Advanced oxidation process based on dioxy persulfate in the presence of iron compounds (zero-valent iron and magnetic iron) due to high performance (removal of 85 percent of primary COD and reduction to 555 milligrams per liter, can be used for decomposition and mineralization of pollutants, pollutants, water, especially industrial sewage. The effluent from this system can be drained into municipal wastewater treatment plants, so by reducing COD to 555 mg per liter, it still cannot be used alone. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Investigation of Sewage Treatment Conditions in Guilan Province Hospitals
Abdolreza Karimi Zahra Rahimi RashtabadiHospital wastewater contains a variety of pollutants, a large amount of pathogenic microorganisms, viruses, radioactive materials, etc., which unless treated and disposed properly, can cause serious damage to human beings and the environment. The purposes of this study MoreHospital wastewater contains a variety of pollutants, a large amount of pathogenic microorganisms, viruses, radioactive materials, etc., which unless treated and disposed properly, can cause serious damage to human beings and the environment. The purposes of this study are to investigate the wastewater treatment and disposal conditions and the effluent quality in Guilan hospitals.In this study, besides the investigation of wastewater management conditions in Guilan hospitals with wastewater treatment plants, the sewage treatment performance was assessed in one of the hospitals. Qualitative indicators including total coliform, fecal coliform, pH, DO, BOD5, COD, TSS, total phosphate, ammonia, nitrate and silver in the effluent were assessed and the lab results were compared to the standards of Iran Department of Environment.According to statistical results, 10 out of the 34 studied Guilan hospitals have active wastewater treatment systems. Furthermore, the qualitative assessment showed that pH, COD, BOD5, DO, phosphate, nitrate, silver, total coliform and fecal coliform levels in the hospital conform to the standards of Iran Department of Environment. However, reduction of ammonia and TSS levels should be considered. A number of hospitals in Guilan do not have wastewater treatment plant and their wastewater is discharged into municipal wastewater collection systems or drains. On the other hand, a number of hospitals with wastewater treatment plants do not work properly. Therefore, it is important to consider executive decisions regarding new wastewater treatment technologies and upgrading treatment process in existing wastewater treatment plants. Keywords: Hospital Wastewater, Effluent Quality, Wastewater Treatment, Ammonia Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Investigation of pollution related to sludge obtained from the effluent treatment Of slaughter house and making the practical proposal (Study was conducted in mash had slaughter house)
Mostafa Khezri Masoud Monavari Parvin Farshchi Shadi Kafi MallakSludge, as an additional element in the process of treatment will cause numerous problems in long runs. Therefore, it has to be collected and disposed in sanitary ways. Disposing the sludge requires certain rules and it is often polluted by not following the environment MoreSludge, as an additional element in the process of treatment will cause numerous problems in long runs. Therefore, it has to be collected and disposed in sanitary ways. Disposing the sludge requires certain rules and it is often polluted by not following the environmental rules. Pollution will be transferred to human and agriculture crops through water and soil. The best method to control this problem is to utilize that material in an efficient way. In this paper, we proposed an efficient method to decrease the pollution of sludge obtained from Mashhad slaughter house, as an applicable sample, and we tried to optimize its usage in an efficient application. We sampled the sludge, obtained from the treatment process in Mashhad slaughter house, for several times. Then, we carried out the relative tests such as: chemical pollution (BOD, COD, PH, Nitrate, and phosphate), heavy metal (As, Hg, Ni, Mn, Cu, Pb, Cr, Cd, Co), microbiology pollution, and animal feeding tests on the sludge samples. The obtained results indicate that the sludge could be utilized as animal feed. We prepared the cattle ration by using the utilized sludge as a portion. After cattle ration, the animal feed was prepared together with sludge and other elements. For measuring the value of the obtained ration, different experiments were conducted and outcome was compared with other factories' concentrated animal feed obtained forms such as: rice bran, wheat bran, straw, sugar beet pulp and barley. By drawing the relative curves, results showed that, the sludge obtained from Mashhad slaughter house satisfied the animal feed standard rules and perform better than other factories' products. To the best of our knowledge, our proposed method is the first research which studies the sludge obtained from the treatment process and tries to utilize its application efficiently in an animal feed ration which is very important and significant applicable research work. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Electerocoagulation of Blue and Mixed Azo Dyes and Application in Treating Simulated Textile Effluent
Elham Keshmirizadeh R. Khosravi -
Open Access Article
16 - Color Removal from Simulated Textile Effluents Using Clean Electrocoagulation Technique
Elham Keshmirizadeh Roya Khosravi Sabereh Mahdifar -
Open Access Article
17 - Dispersive solid-phase extraction for preconcentration of colored effluent in aqueous samples using magnetic carbon nanotubes modified with chitosan
ali moghimi Milad AbnikiIn this study, a new technique of solid-phase extraction by chitosan-modified magnetic carbon nanotubes was used for small amounts of colored effluent as an indicator of bromocresol green in aqueous samples and measured by UV-VIS spectroscopy. This technique is a two-ph MoreIn this study, a new technique of solid-phase extraction by chitosan-modified magnetic carbon nanotubes was used for small amounts of colored effluent as an indicator of bromocresol green in aqueous samples and measured by UV-VIS spectroscopy. This technique is a two-phase system in which the donor phase is aqueous samples containing bromocresol green and the acceptor phase is the chitosan-activated magnetic carbon nanotubes. The experiments were performed in two stages of extraction from aqueous samples and desorption of bromocresol green dyes using ethanol solvent and then the desorbed samples were analyzed via UV-Vis spectrophotometry. This method is cheap, simple, fast, and compatible with many existing device methods. Extraction parameters such as the effect of organic solvent and adsorbent, pH of donor and acceptor phases, extraction time, stirring speed, volume of the donor were optimized and quantitative studies and measurements were performed under these optimal conditions. This technique has many advantages such as; short extraction time, low consumption of organic solvents, elimination of the effect of previous tests, low detection limit and high concentration factor. Acceptable values for concentration and diagnostic factors have been obtained for the extraction of bromocresol green dyes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution in Water and Sediment of Ghare Bagh Drainage (Southeast Shiraz)
Elham Bikineh Farid Moore Behnan Keshavarzi Vahideh SheykhiIn this study, Ghare Bagh drainage in southeast Shiraz is investigated. Ghare Bagh drainage receives dischargeof Shiraz Industrial Complex effluent, irrigation-return flows, and sewage of upstream villages before reachingMaharlu Lake. Sediment and water heavy metal cont MoreIn this study, Ghare Bagh drainage in southeast Shiraz is investigated. Ghare Bagh drainage receives dischargeof Shiraz Industrial Complex effluent, irrigation-return flows, and sewage of upstream villages before reachingMaharlu Lake. Sediment and water heavy metal contents and physicochemical parameters of this drainage aredetermined and discussed in this study. The results showed a decreasing trend in heavy metals abundance inwater samples as Zn > Ni > Cu > Pb > Mo > As > Co > Cd and in sediment samples as Cr > Ni > Zn > Cu > Co> Pb > Mo > As > Cd. Pollution assessment was carried out by calculating Enrichment Factor, GeoaccumulationIndex, Contamination Factor, and Contamination Degree. The results revealed that Ghare Bagh drainagesediments are moderately to heavily polluted with Mo, Zn, Ni, Cr, and in some stations with Pb. In order toestablish interelemental relationships and indicate the sources of elements, Correlation Coefficients andPrincipal Component Analysis (PCA) were implemented on data. Principal components analysis of sedimentsamples showed that Ni is mainly originated natural environment, probably the parent rocks, while the rest ofelements (except Cr) have anthropogenic origins. Cr probably is originated from both anthropogenic and naturalsources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Quality assessment of output effluents of some pollutant industries in Bandar Abbas
Tayyebe Ramezani Fateme RastmaneshIn order to quality assessment of some pollutant industrials in Bandar Abbas, 16 effluent samples were collectedfrom important industrial units. Lead, cadmium, copper, Chromium, Arsenic, Mercury, Vanadium and Nickelwere chosen as representative trace metals whose levels MoreIn order to quality assessment of some pollutant industrials in Bandar Abbas, 16 effluent samples were collectedfrom important industrial units. Lead, cadmium, copper, Chromium, Arsenic, Mercury, Vanadium and Nickelwere chosen as representative trace metals whose levels in the environment represent a reliable index ofenvironmental pollution. Some discharged effluents to the environment show V, As and Hg pollution probablyrelated to fossil fuel consumptions. Also, effluents used for irrigation of landscapes indicate high TDS constantand so are unsuitable for this purpose. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - A Study of the Effects of Purkan Village Wastewater Refinery on Qualitative Parameters of Karaj River
Faezeh Hosseini Amir hesam Hasani Amir hossein Javid Mojtaba SayadiToday the River of Karaj is exposed to all kinds of pollutions and destruction of ecosystem because of thedestructive effects of Tehran, a city with millions of residents. So it is important to examine the quality of thewater of this river to collect information about t MoreToday the River of Karaj is exposed to all kinds of pollutions and destruction of ecosystem because of thedestructive effects of Tehran, a city with millions of residents. So it is important to examine the quality of thewater of this river to collect information about the current situation. The objective of this study is to find out therole of the Purkan sanitary wastewater refinery on the quality of the water of the river. In current study, sampleswere collected from four stations: into, out of, before, and after the refinery, in seasonal form, four stages.Concentration of NO3,NH3,PO4,BOD5,COD,TSS,pH indices were tested according to methods suggested bystandard methods reference. Considering the results of the samples, data analysis was done using statistics. Theresults of physical , chemical and microbial analyses of the samples show that the refinery has no good role indecreasing basic parameters such as COD, TSS and FC (specially in summer season). In many cases, theparameters were more than the limit. The water in the river has an almost fixed condition, so; entrance of thewastewater into Karaj River does not show a great negative effect. As a result, it seems necessary to make aprogram to find a solution to remove the problems. Prevention of the direct entrance of the wastewater into theriver, modification of refinery function, optimization of filteration, and the use of wastewater in artificialirrigater may help remove these problems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Treatment of dairy effluent by ozonation: Design of experiments by response surface methodology
Ali Mehrizad Akbar Hajipour Fahimeh Derakhshanfard Leila AmirkhanyDairy industries are one of the major sectors consuming huge amounts of water converting into effluents during various processes. Dairy effluents contain complex organic matters which are not easily degraded by simple methods. Hence, dexterous and effective techniques a MoreDairy industries are one of the major sectors consuming huge amounts of water converting into effluents during various processes. Dairy effluents contain complex organic matters which are not easily degraded by simple methods. Hence, dexterous and effective techniques are required to treat these types of wastewater. In this regard, advanced oxidation processes like ozonation are an emergent approach to ameliorate the wastewater treatments. Ozone (O3) is a powerful oxidizer, and the strong electrophilic nature of O3 enables it to react with various organic compounds. In the ozonation process (OP), the reaction between O3 and pollutants can be explained by direct or indirect reactions, i.e. through the reaction with O3 or decomposition of O3 molecules and formation of hydroxyl radicals (°OH).The Box-Behnken method based on RSM was employed in the planning stage of the experimental approach, and the results indicated that under optimal conditions, the maximum CODr efficiency of 55.95% was obtained that was verified experimentally. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Determining the characteristics and removing contaminants in the wastewater of serum manufacturing industries
Ramin Abbasi Leila AmirkhaniWastewater treatment, both in the industrial and urban dimensions, has many problems due to the use of expensive equipment and operational issues. Wastewater treatment of the pharmaceutical industry is a wide range of wastewater treatment methods that differ in structur MoreWastewater treatment, both in the industrial and urban dimensions, has many problems due to the use of expensive equipment and operational issues. Wastewater treatment of the pharmaceutical industry is a wide range of wastewater treatment methods that differ in structure and scope due to the variety of treatment methods, the variety of treatment plants, the variety of seasons, and even time. In this study, the analysis of serum company effluent after biological treatment during one year was investigated. Due to the high level of COD in some months of the year, the reduction of COD in the effluent of the serum manufacturing company after biological treatment and in the supplementary treatment stage was investigated using lime coagulant. The modeling and optimization of the COD removal process were studied using experimental design. The optimum COD removal efficiency was 18.9 minutes, pH was 5.6 and coagulant was 2 g / l, which was about 51%. In this study, the modeling for the process using the response procedure method and the optimization obtained for this method were in good agreement with the experimental data. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Optimization of montmorillonite nanoparticles in tin removal from effluent
maryam moghaddas Sepideh Kamalzadeh Simin ArabiIn this study, the efficiency of montmorillonite nanoparticles to remove tin metal from the effluent was investigated.Raw nanoclay reduced the tin concentration to 88.5 ppm at pH = 5.5, ambient temperature, 0.12 g per 100 ml of 100 ppm solution, 90 minutes contact time MoreIn this study, the efficiency of montmorillonite nanoparticles to remove tin metal from the effluent was investigated.Raw nanoclay reduced the tin concentration to 88.5 ppm at pH = 5.5, ambient temperature, 0.12 g per 100 ml of 100 ppm solution, 90 minutes contact time for tin. After washing the nanoclay with 0.1 M sulfuric acid and performing adsorption test under the above conditions, the tin concentration decreased to 65 ppm and the tin adsorption capacity by raw and washed nanoclay was 9.6 and 29.7 mg / g, respectively. It was found to be consistent with previous studies. At pH, the concentration of tin metal by HQ-modified nanoclay decreased from 100 ppm to 59.4 ppm and by SDS-modified nanoclay to 56.63 ppm, and the adsorption capacity was 33.83 and 36.14 mg / g, respectively. شد. It can be seen that SDS-modified nanoclay has yielded better results for tin metal. Then studies on isotherm, kinetics and thermodynamics of adsorption were performed. In isotherm studies, by holding the amount of adsorbent (0.12 g), contact time, temperature, pH = 5.5 and volume of 100 ml, the values of initial concentrations of metal ions 50, 100 and 200 ppm were investigated.Thermodynamic studies show that by keeping parameters such as initial concentration, pH, contact time, adsorbent amount and solution volume in optimal conditions at 298, 313 and 333 K, increasing the temperature increases the adsorption capacity, which indicates that the reaction is calorific. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Comparative study on the electrocatalytic activity of dissimilar electrode combinations for the treatment of textile effluent by electrocoagulation process and their subsequent reuse
Jovitha David Asath Stephen Maria Riju Robin Sahaya Sebastian Jegathambal Palanichamy Parameswari Kalivel -
Open Access Article
25 - The Effect of Graded Levels of Crude Glycerin in BRS Capiaçu Grass Silage: Fermentation Profile and Bromatological Composition
م.سی.آ. سیلوا ن.م. کستا جی.پی.اس. ریگوریا د.ل.اس. جسوس ن.ب.اس. سیلوا و.اس. سیلوا فیلهو جی.ت. سیلوا جی.جی.اس. آرایوجو وی.ر. روچا جونیور د.د. آلوز جی.م.آ. چامون اف.پی. مونکااُ -
Open Access Article
26 - Evaluaation and selection process or municipal wastewatertreatment with a structured approach and optimal with methodAHP(Case Study:Shoushtar City)
Farzad Gholipour Sayed Mahmood JazayeriAbstract Application software and mathematical models in wastewater treatment processes combined with technical know-how precious time is to be.treatmen wastwater, in order to stabilize the organic matter in large and small communities done intermediate good water and s MoreAbstract Application software and mathematical models in wastewater treatment processes combined with technical know-how precious time is to be.treatmen wastwater, in order to stabilize the organic matter in large and small communities done intermediate good water and sanitation can be considered the value is added and the resulting solid material reuse it to produce effluent standard and to strengthen the underground aquifers done, as part of this research using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the work developed by the Expert Choice software relying on the experts compared the different processes were, of the five selected processes with weights WETLAND (0.399) and weight POND (0.351) BIOLAC with (0.108) and weight SBR process (0.085) and CAS weight (0.057) WETLAND option or Wetland with subsurface due weight should mention (0.399) has been chosen. in another part of the city of Shoushtar research using case study and review laboratory results,Confirmed that to design and build a wastewater treatment plant wastewater is important both quantitative and qualitative parameters and the financial comparison and evaluation processes of the study verified a first method (AHP) as a result, natural and semi-natural method because the process of being cheap and relatively quick return on investment with good efficiency Been selected. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Effect of Tannery Effluents on the Antioxidant Enzymes of a Fresh Water Fish Channa striatus
Sivachandran Ramachandran Navaneetha Lakshmi Krishnan Priya Ponmudi -
Open Access Article
28 - Effects of Process Parameter on Crude Oil Biodegradation of Palm Oil Mill Effluent using Response Surface Optimization
Ani Amechi Ezeugwu Felix
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