critical theory

Open Access Article

1 - Past, Present and Future of Marketing Practice: A critical Analysis
Pejman Jafari

Marketing consists of two different spheres including theoretical and practical. Although, theacademic aspect is quite new not more than a century but the practical aspect exists from thefirst of business history. This article is trying to introduce one of theoretical a More

Marketing consists of two different spheres including theoretical and practical. Although, theacademic aspect is quite new not more than a century but the practical aspect exists from thefirst of business history. This article is trying to introduce one of theoretical attempts inmarketing practice.Present research is based on a critical review on typology study of contemporary marketingpractice which was developed by Coviello et al (1997) and has come to this result that if we aresupposed to have such classification scheme, a deep modification would be vital for applying indeveloping countries like Iran. Manuscript profile

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2 - A Critical Approach to Terrorism phenomenon: Traditional and Critical Theories
Keyhan Barzegar Rahmat Hajimineh

As with any academic field, terrorism studies is in large part constituted by an identifiable and fairly consistent set of sharedassumptions, narratives and labels about its primary subject as well as an accepted body of knowledge-generating practices.These narratives, More

As with any academic field, terrorism studies is in large part constituted by an identifiable and fairly consistent set of sharedassumptions, narratives and labels about its primary subject as well as an accepted body of knowledge-generating practices.These narratives, assumptions and knowledge-generating practices function to define the field’s ontological, epistemological,methodological and ethical-normative approaches which can be found in much of the field’s primary output, particularly byits leading scholars. Since, nowadays there is a great knowledge about different dimensions of terrorism that should bestudied in term of interdisciplinary and analytical matters. In this regard, we can address about formation of critical terrorismwhich attempts to explain terrorism phenomenon. So, the main question of this paper is that if critical approach couldestablish a comprehensive frame for studying terrorism as it did in other fields. For this aim, by applying critical approach toterrorism in two steps, including; deepening and broadening terrorism research shows that such critical view not only revealshortage of dominant traditional paradigm such as, lack of self- reflexivity, lack of contextualization, ahistoricity, statistbias, media censoring, dearth of fieldwork and so on, but also provides more comprehensive framework for terrorismstudies. Manuscript profile

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3 - Understanding of Nation-State in Theories of International Relations
Sreyed Abdol-Ali Ghavam Afshin Zargar

This article reviews different understandings of Nation-State in IR theories. studying different IRtheories and recognizing their weaknesses and strength for presentation of suitable understandingabout Nation-State, and reentering the theme of order in IR theories and d More

This article reviews different understandings of Nation-State in IR theories. studying different IRtheories and recognizing their weaknesses and strength for presentation of suitable understandingabout Nation-State, and reentering the theme of order in IR theories and dividing it into two categories- intrastate order and interstate order - this article has made an attempt to achieve suitableunderstanding about the way of making and changing states in International Relations. To achievethis goal, we emphasize on the proximity of IR therory to Political theory. Therefore in this way wecan offer the primary researching pattern for a more precise understanding of why, how and whatthe Nation-Stateis. (appearance, evolution and function.)This study approves that we can not ignore the issue of Nation-State with aspects dimensionsof it, especially appearance, evolution and change (Nation-State making in IR studies because suchignorance will lead to offering defective and incomplete understanding of IR particularly centralactor of it; Nation-State. Manuscript profile

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4 - Sociology of Hafiz’s Ghazals with an Emphasis on the Critical Discourse
Farhad Tahmasbi

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5 - Critical theory impact on the curriculum studies theorizing
Sirus Mansoori Mohammad Hasan Karimi Majid Kowsary Meimanat Abedini Baltork

10.30486/jsre.2018.545141

Critical theory in recent decades have been affected field of education and curriculum studies that its results are emergence of terms and theories such as the reproduction theory, resistance theory and hidden curriculum that used frequently in educational texts. The ge More

Critical theory in recent decades have been affected field of education and curriculum studies that its results are emergence of terms and theories such as the reproduction theory, resistance theory and hidden curriculum that used frequently in educational texts. The general idea of critical theorists that generally are Neo-Marxist is based on conflict between the dominant and the dominated in education. This paper has examined at analysis approach, both study of critical theory, and also theories derived from the field of curriculum studies. In addition, given the criticisms and then its application to curriculum. Theories and key concepts derived from critical theory are including the reproduction theory, resistance theory and hidden curriculum which are discussed in this article. Reproduction theory is following this idea that educational system and the curriculum by providing specific conditions to reproduce the existing culture and is in domination hands. Hidden curriculum refers to the fact that in the context of the school curriculum, but conscious, students push gives to the ruling system. Resistance theory that the human factor at this point important is believed that Students and down stairs in the school curriculum is resistant to existence curriculum. Finally, the paper looks at the application of some elements of the curriculum based on critical theory. Manuscript profile

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6 - Investigation of the compatibility of claims in rival curriculum theories for democratic citizenship based on a Schwabean perspective
محمود مهر محمدی

This essay is predicated on the assumption that pursuing the goal of democratic citizenship is acceptable within an Islamic view of education. To justify this claim the appeal, among other evidences, is made to the analysis of the term of Islamic Republic coined by the More

This essay is predicated on the assumption that pursuing the goal of democratic citizenship is acceptable within an Islamic view of education. To justify this claim the appeal, among other evidences, is made to the analysis of the term of Islamic Republic coined by the founder of this political system. The bulk of the paper, then, focuses on three rival curriculum theories with the common ideal of democracy as the preferred social order. The three theories are rational humanism, critical and progressivism. To assess the viability of the common claim to democracy and nurturing the quality of democratic citizenship, the author has suggested the criteria of deliberation derived from Schwab’s practical perspective. The scrutiny that followed based on this novel criteria led to the conclusion that progressivism fares more adequate than the other two theories Manuscript profile

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7 - An Analysis on the Critical Theory of Education and Its Implications for the Curriculum
رحمت اله خسروی سید مهدی سجادی

According to the critical theory, education is seen as an inseparable factor from human and social evolution. This theory considers school, curriculum, teaching and learning as factors and activities which go beyond mere academic affairs and have political, economic, so More

According to the critical theory, education is seen as an inseparable factor from human and social evolution. This theory considers school, curriculum, teaching and learning as factors and activities which go beyond mere academic affairs and have political, economic, social and educational implications. In this regard, the present study attempts to analyze the critical theory of education and its implications for the curriculum. In this study, "Speculative Essay" is used as research method and "Review of Documentation" is used as a tool for information gathering. According to the research purpose, topics such as philosophical foundations of critical theory of education, the education process in this theory, critical theory implications for the curriculum and the criticisms related to it have been surveyed. Manuscript profile

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8 - Teachers' Professional Qualifications from a Critical Approach with Emphasis on Paulo Freire's Views
ebrahem ebrahem mohammad Hossein Hedari seyed Hashem Golestani

10.30495/educ.2022.1894690.2390

This article aims to analyze teachers' professional qualifications from a critical approach with emphasis on Paulo Freire's views. This study was conducted using the qualitative approach and the transcendental analysis method. Its sample consists of documents, texts and More

This article aims to analyze teachers' professional qualifications from a critical approach with emphasis on Paulo Freire's views. This study was conducted using the qualitative approach and the transcendental analysis method. Its sample consists of documents, texts and related resources collected through theoretical sampling of all available texts as full census. Findings show that Freire considers different roles for liberatory teachers, such as "questioning", "raising awareness", "liberation" and "transformation". Moreover, teachers' professional qualifications, based on Freire's views can be divided into three domains, including the cognitive domain (historical knowledge, knowledge of the teaching/learning process, ability to design a native curriculum, understanding of the political identity of knowledge, and ability to create consciousness); the psychomotor domain (ability to use teaching methods, creating the critical ability in learners, interacting with learners; and the affective attitude (lifelong teaching, having humility, restoring human dignity, enhancing learners' hope for liberation, and respect for ethnic, cultural, and religious differences). Manuscript profile

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9 - The Ratio of Alienation and Utopia in the Frankfurt Critical School
Garineh Keshishyan Siraki Hamed Mehrali

The Frankfurt School, by observing the human condition in the twentieth century, considers the existing society as completely devoid of rationality and its components as an obstacle to human liberation, thus making it clear that this truth-free construction has created More

The Frankfurt School, by observing the human condition in the twentieth century, considers the existing society as completely devoid of rationality and its components as an obstacle to human liberation, thus making it clear that this truth-free construction has created a crisis rooted in the foundations of the modern West. The fundamental question of the research is what crisis does the Frankfurt School identify in modern society and what solution does it offer to get out of it? The research hypothesis explains that the Frankfurters studied the crisis of "alienation" by studying modernity, and made statements such as mechanism, technology, instrumental reason, the culture industry, impossible art, media, capitalism, scientism, positivism, bureaucracy, and various ideologies. No exclusion-they knew the causes of the crisis. Cases that can be considered in two categories of higher causes and causal causes (causes that are both born and the cause of alienation). Their opinion leads minus the characteristics of the existing society and is worthy of dialectical cognition, that is, rational and extremely free societies. Technology is placed in its main dignity, that is, instrumentality, so that through this, man can get out of the state of objectification and become one with his original nature. Also, in the forthcoming research, Thomas Spragen’s Crisis Theory, the theoretical framework and the basis of discussion have been established. Manuscript profile

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10 - Woman and Culture Industry in Iran; Empowerment or Submissiveness?
ShakibaSadat Hashemian ُSaeed Gazerani AliAsghar Davoudi

Gender discrimination and inequality caused by domination over women is a prevalent global phenomenon, and has made them face the limitation of equal access to opportunities, facilities, sources of power and influence in different societies. One of the main solutions of More

Gender discrimination and inequality caused by domination over women is a prevalent global phenomenon, and has made them face the limitation of equal access to opportunities, facilities, sources of power and influence in different societies. One of the main solutions of international institutions for this problem is the women's empowerment policy. This policy has also been taken into consideration in Iran and policies and plans have been made by the relevant authorities. However, objective evidence shows that the situation of women is not much favorable. According to the World Economic Forum, in 2019, Iran was ranked 148 among 153 countries in terms of gender discrimination. The aim of this research is to identify the reasons for acceptance of male domination, by women in Iran. To conduct the research, the available quantitative and qualitative data were collected, and to test the hypothesis, the "critical analysis" method was used. The theoretical approach of the article is also based on the principles and concepts of critical theory. The findings of the research show that women's submissiveness is in part formed as a result of the influence of cultural-educational elements. Therefore, as long as the educational system, the media and scientific, cultural and religious platforms that have a general audience, reproduce, justify and promote attitudes, beliefs, and relations based on legitimizing inequality and discrimination, we will see no meaningful change in the status of women in society. Manuscript profile

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11 - Morality and Politics from Critical Theory Point of View
Jamil Hassan poor Manoochehr Dehyadegari

Throughout the exuberant and bustling history of human's life, we had never been in such a desprate need for developing a better understanding of virtue, politics and norms as well as paying need to moral principles, these all have turned out to be one of the much debat More

Throughout the exuberant and bustling history of human's life, we had never been in such a desprate need for developing a better understanding of virtue, politics and norms as well as paying need to moral principles, these all have turned out to be one of the much debated and controversial issues in our hectic era. Science and technology have triumphed over all different aspects of mankind. Consequently the major principles of spirituality and morality are greatly influenced by mundane, terrestrial upheavals. Technology and Modernity which is highly known as communication and information epoch had eliminated political borders and consequestly it had exposed all nations, peoples and countries, to a sort of cultural attack which can lead to culture trauma, the offspring can be viewed as a crisis as well as a change in decriminalizing legalizing politics in the century. The notion of "criticism" is a metaphor for pathology which aims at criticizing the modernity, known as a phenomenon devoid of moralities. This concept sides up with a guide for human's action The ultimate goal is to restore, resurrect its actual benefits and views. Scholars like "Adorno, Horkheimer, Marcuse ,Habermas, Hana Ahrenet Eric From" are well known founders of the Theory in the th century. They made an attempt to criticize positivist human Sciences. The aim of this essay is to study the role of morality and polities and their relationship from the point of view of the critical theory. It also criticizes modernity, a phenomenon that has emerged as a cosequence of scientific transformations. In this research, the co-relational method in used. The major question asked is about the relationship between morality and polities from the point of view of the critical theory. In general, it is concluded that there is consensus among theorists of critical theory concerning the interaction between morality and polities, believing that brutalities and disasters are direct consequences of separation of morality and politics. In the view of critical theorists, it seems that modernism on the one hand, has brought alout development and prosperity, but on the other hand has considered instrumental rationality as the source of most misfortunes causing distraction of morality and constraining individual freedom in politics. Manuscript profile

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12 - Analysis of Ahmadinejad Government's Foreign Policy According to the Critical Theory of International Relations
Mohammad Ali Tavana Tooraj Rahmani Hamed Eslami

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Open Access Article

13 - A Critical Review on the Reproduction of Dominance and Gender Discrimination Relations in the Textbooks of Iran's Educational System
ShakibaSadat Hashemian Saeed Gazerani AliAsghar Davoudi

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