adulthood

Open Access Article

1 - The Developmental Relationship between Dimensions of Basic Human Values and Personality traits in Three Stages of Adulthood in Females and Males
seyedeh razieh Tabaeian shole amiri

The aim was to investigate the relationship between the dimensions of basic human values and personality traits of three adulthood stages in females and males. A sample of 328 people (169 women and 159 men) was used. The participants were divided into three age groups: More

The aim was to investigate the relationship between the dimensions of basic human values and personality traits of three adulthood stages in females and males. A sample of 328 people (169 women and 159 men) was used. The participants were divided into three age groups: young adults (20-39) middle aged adults (40-65) and old adults (66-88). As for the instruments, the Schwartz Value Survey (SVS) (Schowartz and Ross, 1995) and A 10-item short version of the big five inventory (Rammstedt & John, 2007) were used. The results of correlational analysis between dimensions of basic human values and personality traits showed a significant positive relationship between personal focus values and extraversion, openness to change and a significant negative correlation with regard to agreeableness. In addition, there was a significant positive relationship between social focus values and agreeableness and conscienceness, while there was a negative correlation with extraversion (P < 0.05). The results of multivariate covariance analysis showed a significant difference among age groups with regard to social focus values (P < 0.05). The development trend was increasing and the second age group had the maximum social focus values. Among the gender groups regarding personal focus values the difference was significant (P < 0.05). Males showed the highest mean scores regarding the personal focus values aspect. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Providing a model to investigate the impact of emerging adulthood components on psychological well-being of youth mediated by self-concept
Pardis Banabehbahani Reza Ghorban Jahromi Bita Nasrolahi Farhad Jomehri

10.30486/jsrp.2021.1927745.2934

Emerging adulthood is a new developmental period which components affects various personal psychological factors. The purpose of this study was to present a model to investigate the impact of emerging adulthood components on psychological well-being of youth mediated by More

Emerging adulthood is a new developmental period which components affects various personal psychological factors. The purpose of this study was to present a model to investigate the impact of emerging adulthood components on psychological well-being of youth mediated by self-concept. This study was a descriptive study with a correlation design in the framework of causal models. 395 participants (51% male) in the age range of 18 to 25 years were randomly selected from the educational centers of Ahvaz (In the 98-99 academic year). Participants responded online to Arnett Inventory of Dimensions of Emerging Adulthood (Reifman, Arnett, & Colwell, 2007), Ryff's Psychological Well-Being Scale (Ryff, 1989), and Beck Self-Concept Test (Beck, Steer, Epstein, & Brown, 1990). Path analysis method was used to analyze the results. The results showed the average self-concept and above-average scores psychological well-being. The results confirmed the strong significant positive direct impact of emerging adulthood components on self-concept (Identity Exploration: 0/272; Possibilities: 0/210; Instability: 0/318; Focus on others: 0/245; Self-focus: 0/230; Feeling in-between: 0/213), as well as self-concept on psychological well-being 0/799 (p<0.01). Also, instability 0/247 (p<0.01), identity exploration 0/217 (p<0.05) and possibilities 0/205 (p<0.05) are impacted on psychological well-being by mediating self-concept. The results showed that individuals experiencing emerging adulthood had a better psychological well-being, due to their improved self-concept. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Young People’s Perceptions of Adulthood: Is there a Gender Difference?
Zohreh Soleimani Elahe Hejazi

Due to the cultural impact on the formation of adulthood concept, the purpose of this study is determining gender differences in the concept of adult and finding markers that are necessary to perceive adult in Iranian society. So, through a phenomenological qualitative More

Due to the cultural impact on the formation of adulthood concept, the purpose of this study is determining gender differences in the concept of adult and finding markers that are necessary to perceive adult in Iranian society. So, through a phenomenological qualitative study and conducting interviews among a sample of 19 persons (9 males,10 females) at age intervals of 18-25 that were selected among students in Tehran, using the purposeful and criterion sampling, the markers of adulthood were extracted. Colaizzi analysis yielded six dimensions: Cognitive-emotional self-mastering, regulatory management to achieve the goals, ability to play a role in the family, commitment to personal, religious, and social values, independence and role transitions. Findings indicated traditional markers of adulthood (i.e. reaching the age of 18 or married) have transformed to individual skills and family capacities. In two dimensions, the ability to play a role in the family and independence, subcategories including employment, financial and mental support of family for men, and capacity of child caring, and psychosocial support of the family for women are criteria that are more important. In addition, in other dimensions, the subcategories of well-meaning behavior for men, and the resilience and emotional mastry for women were emphasized more. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - The Role of Human Agency, Gender and Age in Identity Characteristics: Arnett's Emerging Adulthood
Mohammad Reza Fathi Ali Reza Kiamanesh Farhad Jomehri

The purpose of the article was to investigate the relationship between the agency and demographic variables with the five identity characteristics of students based on Arnett’s emerging adulthood theory. The sample included 700 undergraduate students. To collect d More

The purpose of the article was to investigate the relationship between the agency and demographic variables with the five identity characteristics of students based on Arnett’s emerging adulthood theory. The sample included 700 undergraduate students. To collect data, the Inventory of Dimensions of Emerging Adulthood (Reifman, Arnett & Colwell, 2007) and the Multi-Measure Agentic Personality Scale (Côté, 1997) were used. The results indicated that there was a relationship between the agency and the five features. The regression analysis showed that the agency played a role in explanation of the variance of all the characteristics. The gender and age in the explanation of the variance of three, and one characteristics was involved, respectively. As a result, students with a higher level of agency, were more self-focused, and did more identity exploration, had more optimistic viewpoint on their life period and consider it as an opportunity, had more experimentations. They had more feeling in-between, and feel less instabiity and negativity. Agency, gender and age can be used to predict five, three, and one characteristics, respectively. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Self-Control and Life Satisfaction in Emerging Adulthood: The Mediating Role of Self-Conscious Emotions of Shame and Guilt
Narjes Abbasi Razieh Shekhaleslami

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between self-control and life satisfaction with the mediating role of self-conscious emotions of shame and guilt among emerging adults. Participant consisted of 257 undergraduate students (161 women and 96 m More

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between self-control and life satisfaction with the mediating role of self-conscious emotions of shame and guilt among emerging adults. Participant consisted of 257 undergraduate students (161 women and 96 man) who were selected by multistage cluster random sampling, and completed Self-Control Scale (Tangney, Baumeister & Boone, 2004), Shame and Guilt Scale (Thompson, Sharp & Alexander, 2008), and Satisfaction with Life Scale (Diener, Emmons, Larsen & Griffin, 1985). Structural equation modeling method was used for data analysis. The results showed that self-control directly and positively affect life satisfaction. The effect of self-control on shame was negative and significant and on guilt positive and significant. Shame emotion showed a negative and significant effect on life satisfaction. Whereas, guilt emotion could not predict life satisfaction significantly. The Bootstrap Test confirmed the mediating role of shame emotion in the relationship between self-control and life satisfaction. In fact, with the increase in self-control, the emotion of shame has diminished and thereby improved life satisfaction. Present study showed a different pattern of the mediating role of shame and guilt emotions in the relationship between self-control and life satisfaction. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Cognitive Development from Adolescence through Adulthood: Formal Operations
Samaneh Asadi Shole Amiri Hossein Molavi

This study aimed to investigate the development of formal operations from adolescence through adulthood. The sample consisted of 345 participants in four age groups (15-18 years-old: n=108; 19-29 years-old: n=104; 30-45 years-old: n=44; 46 years-old and elder :n=51). Al More

This study aimed to investigate the development of formal operations from adolescence through adulthood. The sample consisted of 345 participants in four age groups (15-18 years-old: n=108; 19-29 years-old: n=104; 30-45 years-old: n=44; 46 years-old and elder :n=51). All groups were selected using random sampling. The first group was selected from high schools and the other groups were selected based on municipal areas of Isfahan. The study design was causal-comparative. The participants completed the Logical Reasoning Test (LRT; Burney, 1974). The data were analyzed using analysis of variance and chi square methods. The results indicated that there were no significant group effects on LRT. The pairwise comparisons were significant between total scores of 15-18 years-old and 19-29 year-olds. The age groups didn’t have significant differences in terms of frequencies of individuals who were in the concrete, transitional, and formal operations stages. The developmental trend of formal operations remained constant after adolescence. The findings were discussed based on Piaget and Neo-Piagetian cognitive developmental theories. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - development of post-formal thinking from adolescence through adulthood
Samaneh Asadi Shole Amiri Hossein Molavi

this study aimed to examine the developmental trend of post-formal thinking from adolescence through adulthood in Isfahan. The sample consisted of 345 participants in four age groups: 15 to 18 year-olds (n=108), 19 to 29 year-olds (n=142), 30 to 45 year-olds (n=44), and More

this study aimed to examine the developmental trend of post-formal thinking from adolescence through adulthood in Isfahan. The sample consisted of 345 participants in four age groups: 15 to 18 year-olds (n=108), 19 to 29 year-olds (n=142), 30 to 45 year-olds (n=44), and over 46 year-olds (n=51). The participants were selected by cluster sampling answered the Social Paradigm Belief Inventory (SPBI; Kramer, Kahlbaugh and Goldstone, 1992). The results of analysis of variance indicated that there were not significant group effects on SPBI scores. The pair-wise comparisons were significant between 15 to 18 year-olds and 19 to 29 year-olds in absolutistic thinking. Overall, the developmental trend of absolutistic thinking decreased as age increased, and age trends of relativistic thinking and dialectic thinking were constant. The results were discussed based on adult cognitive development theories.     Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - The Development of Just World Beliefs for Self and Others from Adolescence to Emerging Adulthood
Faezeh Shakeri Ardakani Shakeri Ardakani Samaneh, Asadi Fahimeh Dehghani

This study aimed to investigate the development of just world beliefs for self and others from adolescence to emerging adulthood in Isfahan. The sample consisted of 395 participants in four age groups: 12 year-olds (n=105), 14 year-olds (n=100), 16 year-olds (n=96), and More

This study aimed to investigate the development of just world beliefs for self and others from adolescence to emerging adulthood in Isfahan. The sample consisted of 395 participants in four age groups: 12 year-olds (n=105), 14 year-olds (n=100), 16 year-olds (n=96), and 18-25 year-olds (n=94), selected by cluster and convenience sampling method and answered to Self-Other Belief in a Just World scale (Sutton and Douglas, 2005). Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance, Tukey post hoc test and independent t-test. The results of MANOVA showed that there were significant group effects on BJW scores. The pair-wise comparisons indicated that the scores of just world beliefs for self and others in the 16 year-olds group is significantly lower than the 12 year-olds and the scores of just world beliefs for self in the 18-25 year-olds were higher than 16 year-olds. But the scores of just world beliefs for others did not change significantly. The finding of this study showed gender differences in the scores of just world beliefs for others in the 12 year-olds in which boys were stronger than girls in this belief. In general, according to the results just world beliefs decrease during adolescence. Manuscript profile

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