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Open Access Article
1 - Optimizing Reservoirs Exploitation for irrigation system Based on New butterfly Algorithm Model
Miromid Hadiani Hamid Reza VaziriExploitation of dam reservoirs is one of the major problems in the management of water resources. In this context, artificial intelligence algorithms are used as a useful tool for optimizing. Crow algorithm is used in the current research for the first time to exploit r MoreExploitation of dam reservoirs is one of the major problems in the management of water resources. In this context, artificial intelligence algorithms are used as a useful tool for optimizing. Crow algorithm is used in the current research for the first time to exploit reservoirs. Also, results related to the exploitation of a single-reservoir system to meet low dam’s requirements were compared to particle swarm and genetic evolutionary algorithms. Time reliability, volume reliability, vulnerability and reversibility indices were used to select the preferred method. Also, a multi-criteria decision-making model was used to select the preferred method. Results showed that the crow algorithm’s is close to the problem’s absolute optimal response so that the average of responses in the crow algorithm is 99% of absolute optimal response. Besides, except time reliability index, the crow algorithm has better performance in the rest indices compared to particle swarm and genetic algorithms. Also, the coefficient of variation of obtained responses by crow algorithm compared to genetic and particle swarm algorithms are 14 and 16 times smaller, respectively. The multi-criteria decision-making model revealed that compared to two other algorithms, the crow algorithm has the first rank and high potential in solving reservoir exploitation problem. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Solutions for Development of Application of Low Pressure Irrigation System in East Azarbaijan Province
Arezoo Mokhtari Hesari Rouhola Rezaei Hossein sh. famiThe current study aimed to determine and analyze Solutions of low-pressure irrigation system in the East Azarbaijan Province. Data collection was performed using semi structured interview method. We conduct an interview with experts of irrigation, soil and agricultural MoreThe current study aimed to determine and analyze Solutions of low-pressure irrigation system in the East Azarbaijan Province. Data collection was performed using semi structured interview method. We conduct an interview with experts of irrigation, soil and agricultural extension sectors as well as famers who had a purposeful use of technics. In order to achieving appropriate research validity, we applied triangulation -data sources and monitored them by the experts.Statistical analysis was performed using MAXQDA software version 10 based on basic theory including open, oriented and optional coding stage. The result indicates that based on there were 6 main categories, 25 sub-categories as well as 171 conceptual units. Effective measures should be taken into consideration in order to develop the low-pressure irrigation system. The results showed that measurements including creating educational-promotional mechanisms, reducing administrative complexity, improving farmers' participation, long-lasting monitoring, follow-up and consulting during and after implementation, financial supports and creating infrastructure activities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Identification of Appropriate Solutions for Managing Surface Water Consumption of West Azerbaijan Province Using Dynamic System Modeling
Sheida Yousefi Seyed Mahdi Mirdamadi Seyed Jamal Farjollah Hosseini Farhad LashgararaBackground and Aim: The share of agricultural sector in West Azerbaijan province, Iran from surface water abstraction is 91.2%. Excessive consumption of water resources, drought and destruction of agricultural lands, dependence of work and livelihood of 1.2 million popu MoreBackground and Aim: The share of agricultural sector in West Azerbaijan province, Iran from surface water abstraction is 91.2%. Excessive consumption of water resources, drought and destruction of agricultural lands, dependence of work and livelihood of 1.2 million population of province on the agricultural sector, the adoption of long-term development plans, have intensified the water crisis in agricultural sector. Therefore, managing the consumption of surface water is essential. This study investigates the effect of agricultural, economic, policy-making, climatic, socio-cultural and educational scenarios on management of surface water consumption and availability.Method: The present study is an applied research has been carried out using the dynamic system approach in order to achieve sustainable management of water resources in West Azerbaijan province. First, the statistical data from the previous years (1991-2018) are entered into the system using Excel and SPSS software. Then, the dynamic system model is developed in VENSIM software. To ensure the efficiency of the model in evaluating policies, the model validation test is performed. After making sure that the model works efficiency, population growth scenarios with different fertility rates, PS1 (2.11 children), PS2 (1.95 children), PS3 (1.5 children) and PS4 (2.6 Children) and climatic scenarios with a probability of 20% annual rainfall reduction, continuation of the current rainfall trend and 20% annual rainfall improvement are introduced to the model. Additionally, investment scenarios with the aim of 0.5% improvement in the annual irrigation efficiency and the crop scenario such as low-consumption cultivation pattern are introduced to the model. Moreover, the impacts of participatory and education scenarios, are simulated up to the horizon of 2051.Results: The results showed that in the validation test there is a high correlation between the simulated values and the observed values of surface water, and the model is effective in evaluating policies. Upon continuation of the rainfall current trend, available surface water decreases by 3.76% during the simulation period (2018-2051). Droughts intensify with a decrease of 20% of annual rainfall due to the direct effect of rainfall on runoff, available surface water is reduced by 20.54%. The largest decrease in the surface water content is related to the scenario of reduced rainfall (-20%) together with the scenario of increasing fertility rate (ps4), which cause a decrease in the available surface water by 46.15%. Population growth has increased the total water consumption and even agricultural water demand by 27% over the 2051 horizon. Simultaneously using low-consumption cultivation pattern scenarios, investment to improve irrigation efficiency, participatory activities and training programs to improve water management, water consumption decrease by 29.20% and agricultural water demand from the surface water decrease by 31.37% under these conditions, the available surface water improves by 9.12% to the horizon of 2051.Conclusion: The results showed that, it is necessary to review population scenarios at the national level. Also, the agricultural scenario of observing the pattern of low-consumption cultivation with reducing water demand per hectare is known as the best scenario and its application has increased the available surface water by 2.45 times.Keywords: Water resource management, Economic/policy-making scenarios, Climatic scenarios, West Azerbaijan provinceBackground and Aim: The share of agricultural sector in West Azerbaijan province, Iran from surface water abstraction is 91.2%. Excessive consumption of water resources, drought and destruction of agricultural lands, dependence of work and livelihood of 1.2 million population of province on the agricultural sector, the adoption of long-term development plans, have intensified the water crisis in agricultural sector. Therefore, managing the consumption of surface water is essential. This study investigates the effect of agricultural, economic, policy-making, climatic, socio-cultural and educational scenarios on management of surface water consumption and availability.Method: The present study is an applied research has been carried out using the dynamic system approach in order to achieve sustainable management of water resources in West Azerbaijan province. First, the statistical data from the previous years (1991-2018) are entered into the system using Excel and SPSS software. Then, the dynamic system model is developed in VENSIM software. To ensure the efficiency of the model in evaluating policies, the model validation test is performed. After making sure that the model works efficiency, population growth scenarios with different fertility rates, PS1 (2.11 children), PS2 (1.95 children), PS3 (1.5 children) and PS4 (2.6 Children) and climatic scenarios with a probability of 20% annual rainfall reduction, continuation of the current rainfall trend and 20% annual rainfall improvement are introduced to the model. Additionally, investment scenarios with the aim of 0.5% improvement in the annual irrigation efficiency and the crop scenario such as low-consumption cultivation pattern are introduced to the model. Moreover, the impacts of participatory and education scenarios, are simulated up to the horizon of 2051.Results: The results showed that in the validation test there is a high correlation between the simulated values and the observed values of surface water, and the model is effective in evaluating policies. Upon continuation of the rainfall current trend, available surface water decreases by 3.76% during the simulation period (2018-2051). Droughts intensify with a decrease of 20% of annual rainfall due to the direct effect of rainfall on runoff, available surface water is reduced by 20.54%. The largest decrease in the surface water content is related to the scenario of reduced rainfall (-20%) together with the scenario of increasing fertility rate (ps4), which cause a decrease in the available surface water by 46.15%. Population growth has increased the total water consumption and even agricultural water demand by 27% over the 2051 horizon. Simultaneously using low-consumption cultivation pattern scenarios, investment to improve irrigation efficiency, participatory activities and training programs to improve water management, water consumption decrease by 29.20% and agricultural water demand from the surface water decrease by 31.37% under these conditions, the available surface water improves by 9.12% to the horizon of 2051.Conclusion: The results showed that, it is necessary to review population scenarios at the national level. Also, the agricultural scenario of observing the pattern of low-consumption cultivation with reducing water demand per hectare is known as the best scenario and its application has increased the available surface water by 2.45 times. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Physicochemical Pollution of Water Wells in the Villages around Damavand by Using the Geographic Information System
Mohadeseh Hadadi Maryam Rafati Mojtaba SayyadiBackground and Objective: Considering the water shortage and drought crisis in recent years, the importance of examining the quality of groundwater resources has become more important day by day, and in this regard, the Geographic Information System (GIS) is one of the MoreBackground and Objective: Considering the water shortage and drought crisis in recent years, the importance of examining the quality of groundwater resources has become more important day by day, and in this regard, the Geographic Information System (GIS) is one of the best methods to help managers for optimization their decisions. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to investigate the pollution and qualitative changes in water well in villages around Damavand city by using GIS. Material and Methodology: Eleven water wells were sampled in the villages of Masha, Chenar Sharghi, Luman, Wadan, Zan, Ayneh Varzan, Jaban, Sarbandan, Aro, Seyedabad, and Islamabad during wet and drought periods. Then, using IDW interpolation methods, the water well information, which is in the form of points, was generalized to the surface and map was prepared. Findings: The results showed that the water in the wells of the studied area is good for drinking and agriculture purposes. According to GIS maps, the most polluted well is located in the village of Vadan, where EC and sodium levels are above the standard level due to the geological structure of the south of the city and the improper water abstraction of this well. In terms of the GWQI index, it was found that the villages of Aynevarzan, Zan and Seyedabad in both periods of study, due to having a quality number of less than 20, are more suitable than other areas for drilling wells in the future. Discussion and Conclusion: Since Damavand has a lot of agricultural and orchards lands that are sprayed periodically and the use of chemical fertilizers are high, it is possible that in the future, the condition of these wells will exceed the standard threshold. However, based on the results of this study at the sampling time, the condition of these wells was suitable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Investigating the effect of fish ponds on water quality of Ghezel Ozan river
ali afshari parisa Alamdari Ahmad GholChin Mohammad Sadegh AskariBackground and Objective: Considering the importance of fish production and consumption in the human food chain and human food security, and on the other hand, the possible adverse effects of fish pond effluents on river water quality; the present study was carried out MoreBackground and Objective: Considering the importance of fish production and consumption in the human food chain and human food security, and on the other hand, the possible adverse effects of fish pond effluents on river water quality; the present study was carried out by considering the effect of fish farm effluents on river water quality, with a case study on fish farms along the Great Ghezel Ozan river (from Chehelcheshmeh mountains of Kurdistan province to Manjil or Sefidrood dam). Material and Methods: Fish farms were identified based on field surveys along the river. Sampling from a depth of 0 – 10 cm from the water surface in summer (2017) With 5 samples about 500 meters before the pools (control) that were not affected by fish farming activities and 5 samples in approximately100 – 150 meters after the pools (where the effluents of fish farms entered the river) was done. Sampling and analysis of physicochemical parameters such as temperature, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), Nitrate (NO3), Phosphate (PO4), Dissolved oxygen (DO) and Chemical oxygen demand (COD), according to the instructions in the standard methods book was done. Findings: The results indicated that the average values of the parameters in the input and output stations, respectively for pH (7.24 – 7.21), EC (2250.6 – 2282.8 dS/m), DO (7.41 – 6.94 mg/L), COD (24.94 – 29.63 mg/L), Temp (14.8 – 15.5 °C), NO3 (4.1 – 5.9 mg/L), PO4 (1.1 – 1.84 mg/L) was obtained. Discussion and Conclusion: In general, the process of acidity and oxygen parameters of the solution decreased, and the parameters of electrical conductivity, oxygen demand, chemical temperature, temperature, nitrate and phosphate, increased. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Land Use Planning and Water Resources Management; Resource Planning Instead of Activities Planning (Case Study: Caspian Bas
Amir Hedayati Aghmashhadi Hamidreza Jafari Naser Mehrdadi Hedayat Fahmi Parvin Farshchi Samaneh Zahediction: Caspian basin is one of the six basins of the country due to the development of humanactivities over the past decades by land use plans because severe changes in land cover in this basin itcan cause undesirable effects on water resources in the basin.Material and Morection: Caspian basin is one of the six basins of the country due to the development of humanactivities over the past decades by land use plans because severe changes in land cover in this basin itcan cause undesirable effects on water resources in the basin.Material and Methods: In this paper, to evaluate the effect of land use on water resources in the formof land-cover change, First, to assess the changes in land cover in the Caspian basin, And then thepressure on water resources scoring using FANP method then in the IDRISI software maps are madeand in the Arc GIS maps overlay. Finally, and by Excel software Regression and correlation betweenchanges in land cover and land use management of water resources in the Caspian basin will bedetermined.Results and Discussion: The results show that in the period between 2001 and 2012 Talesh sub-basinwith 28.91 % and Sefidrud with 8.18 % had maximum and lowest land cover changes in the Caspianbasin. Also final scoring of water resource management in the Caspian basin shown that Area subbasinwith 0.499617 and Haraz-Ghareh Su sub-basin with 0.158627 had maximum and lowest scoreof water resource management in the Caspian basin. Also the results of the dependence of changes inland cover by land use management and water resources management in the Caspian sub basin shown1- PhD Student of Environmental Planning, Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran2- Professor of Environmental Planning and Management, Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran,Tehran, Iran.3- Professor of Environmental Engineering Water and Wastewater, Faculty of Environment, University ofTehran, Tehran, Iran.4- PhD Hydrology and Water Resources, Deputy of Major Planning Affairs of Ab and Abfa, Iran Ministry ofEnergy.5- Professor of Costal Engineering, Faculty of Environment and Energy, Science and Research Campus, IslamicAzad University, Tehran, Iran.6- PhD Student of Environmental Management, Faculty of Environment and Energy, Science and ResearchCampus, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.J.Env.Sci,TechJ.Env. Sci. Tech., Vol 17, No.3, Autumn 2015195that the dependence of R-Squared is equal to 0.645, indicating a relatively high dependence on thefield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Locating Artificial Aquifer Feeding Using (GIS) (Case Study: Garbayegan Basin, Fars)
marzieh mogholiGroundwater is the single water resource in many regions of Iran. This is considered to be a major limitation in the social and economic development of the country. Destructive floods and water shortage necessitate suitable strategies against flood control. Selecting su MoreGroundwater is the single water resource in many regions of Iran. This is considered to be a major limitation in the social and economic development of the country. Destructive floods and water shortage necessitate suitable strategies against flood control. Selecting suitable areas for artificial recharge and directing the floodwater into permeable formations are amongst the most effective strategies in flood spreading projects. Having combined GIS and MCDA approaches, the present study sought to locate the most suitable areas for artificial groundwater recharge operation in the Garabaygan Basin of Iran. To this end, the data layers relating to the eight effective factors were prepared in GIS environment. This stage was followed by elimination of the exclusionary areas for artificial recharge while determining the potentially suitable ones. Having closely examined the potentially suitable areas using the PROMETHEE II-SAW and Fuzzy-AHP methods, the land suitability map for artificial groundwater recharge was produced. The results of the study showed that most suitable areas for the artificial groundwater recharge are located in Quaternary Qg and Qgsc geologic units and in geomorphological units of pediment and Alluvial fans with slopes not exceeding 3 percent. Furthermore, significant correspondence between the produced map and the control areas, where the artificial groundwater recharge projects were successfully performed, provided further evidence for the acceptable efficiency of the integrated PROMETHEE II-SAW method in comparison with Fuzzy-AHP in locating suitable artificial recharge areas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Economic Modeling of Agricultural Water Resource Management in Tehran Province with Emphasis on the Role of Water Market
Abolfazl Mahmoudi Abozar ParhizkariIn present study the formation effects of local and regional water markets in Tehran province were investigated and the potential of water transfer under water scarcity conditions in this province were analyzed. For this purpose, an economic modeling including positive MoreIn present study the formation effects of local and regional water markets in Tehran province were investigated and the potential of water transfer under water scarcity conditions in this province were analyzed. For this purpose, an economic modeling including positive mathematical programming (PMP) model and state wide agricultural production (SWAP) functions were used. The results showed that with establishment of the local and regional water markets in Tehran province; in addition to creation the balance between supply and demand of irrigation water and equilibrate the water trading between the studied regions, total irrigated lands 7/41% and total farmers’ gross profit 9/27% are increased. Finally, due to the supportive and constructive role of local and regional water markets, providing the required grounds to establishment and optimal use of this type of mechanism in Tehran province and other regions of the country where have shared water resources are suggested. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Genetic Algorithm Study and Applications in Engineering and Water Resources Management
Seyed Mostafa Tabatabaei Ali shahidi Shahidi seyed reza hashemiConsidering extent and complexity of water resources systems, it is necessary and requires a comprehensive optimization process to determine the policy and select options and proper strategies For proper operation of water resources systems in different circumstances. I MoreConsidering extent and complexity of water resources systems, it is necessary and requires a comprehensive optimization process to determine the policy and select options and proper strategies For proper operation of water resources systems in different circumstances. In this study the necessity of using evolutionary optimization techniques and discussed a brief description on how to implement a genetic algorithm operators as the most evolutionary practical methods. More studies on genetic algorithm are presented in several sections. In the following, has been investigated advantages and limitations of genetic algorithm and then, presented research on several sections.The results show that Genetic algorithms in solving various problems of water resources, efficiently comes from dissolving the issues with a large space and solve complex problems while ability to achieve the global optimum can be provide in different conditions a series of acceptable answers as solutions. For increase the efficiency of the algorithm and achieving better solutions, According to the nature of the problem can be take optimal advantage of improved versions or combine with simulation models or other methods of mathematical. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - شبیه سازی و مدیریت یکپارچه منابع آب تحت سناریوی آب مجازی مطالعه موردی: حوضه هیرمند ایران
علی سردار شهرکی جواد شهرکی سید آرمان هاشمی منفردحوضه هیرمند به دلیل وجود خشکسالی، هم­چنین رشد روز افزون مصارف آب و رقابت بخش­های مختلف، وارد مرحله بحرانی آب شده است، این خطر در سال­های آتی تشدیدتر خواهد شد. بنابراین برای مقابله با آن می بایست نسبت به انواع مصرف آب با حساسیت بیشتری برخورد کرد. از جمله این Moreحوضه هیرمند به دلیل وجود خشکسالی، هم­چنین رشد روز افزون مصارف آب و رقابت بخش­های مختلف، وارد مرحله بحرانی آب شده است، این خطر در سال­های آتی تشدیدتر خواهد شد. بنابراین برای مقابله با آن می بایست نسبت به انواع مصرف آب با حساسیت بیشتری برخورد کرد. از جمله این مصارف، آب مجازی می­باشد. در پژوهش حاضر، تقاضای آب مجازی محصولات کشاورزی منطقه سیستان در سال زراعی 93-1392 محاسبه و با استفاده از مدل WEAP اثرات اجرای این سناریو از سال 2015 تا 2030 بر منابع و مصارف آب پیش­بینی گردید. طبق نتایج محصولات گوجه­فرنگی و یونجه با این­که نیازآبی بالایی داشتند، اما به سبب عملکرد بالای تولید، تقاضای آب مجازی کمتری داشته­اند، هم­چنین بیشترین نیاز آب مجازی برای دو محصول گندم و جو بدست آمد. نتایج مدل WEAP نشان داد که در سناریوی آب مجازی، سالیانه به طور میانگین مقدار تقاضای آب 61 درصد برای کارایی خالص و 17 درصد برای کارایی به حالت فعلی کمتر شده است. تقاضای تأمین نشده حدود 383 میلیون متر مکعب کاهش خواهد یافت. بنابراین با توجه به شرایط خشکسالی حاکم بر منطقه، اجرای این سناریو در جهت حفظ منابع آب بسیار مناسب خواهد بود، از این­رو پیشنهاد می شود که طرح­های توسعه کشاورزی در منطقه سیستان با توجه به این مفهوم آب مجازی، برنامه­ریزی و سرمایه­گذاری شوند. Manuscript profile
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