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Open Access Article
1 - Effects of Mycorrhizal Fungi and Nano Zinc Oxide on Seed Yield, Na+ and K+ Content of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under Salinity Stress
Raouf Seyed Sharifi Razieh Khalilzadeh Soraya Soltanmoradi -
Open Access Article
2 - The Effect of Drought Stress and Selenium on some Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Isfahan Yellow Landrace Onions (Allium cepa L.)
Nooshin Haghani Masoomeh Amerian Mahmoud Khorami VafaSelenium due to its physiological and anti-oxidative properties is considered to be essential micronutrient for humans, animals and plants. The positive effects of selenium on reduction of various environmental stresses in plants is, however, still unclear and need to b MoreSelenium due to its physiological and anti-oxidative properties is considered to be essential micronutrient for humans, animals and plants. The positive effects of selenium on reduction of various environmental stresses in plants is, however, still unclear and need to be explored. In this study, the effect of selenium on increasing drought tolerance of yellow landrace onions in Isfahan was investigated by factorial experiment in a completely randomized design under greenhouse conditions. Treatments were drought stress at three levels (0, 50 and 75% of field capacity) and levels of selenium at three levels (0, 5 and 10 mg.L-1 sodium selenate). Foliar application of selenium was performed in two plant growth stages. The first foliar application at the onset of stress (onion production stage) and the second application was carried out two weeks after the onset of stress (onion development stage). Increasing selenium concentrations, under all levels of drought, traits like plant height (62.66 cm), leaf number (11.66), fresh weight (36.82 g) and dry weight of bulb (4.66 g) were increased. In contrast to drought stress, selenium concentrations increased onion physiological properties (total phenol, flavonoid, total soluble sugar, relative leaf water content and stomatal conductance). Increased onion growth under drought stress is attributed to the antioxidant property of selenium. Because, selenium acts as an oxidant at high concentrations it decreased growth. Selenium at 10 mg.L-1 did not have any detrimental effect on onions. It increased the growth of bulb and seedling onion. These results suggest that selenium application may improve antioxidantal defense system of onions under drought stress conditions. Thus, its use may be recommended under arid and semiarid regions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - The Effect of Different Levels of Pumice Mulch and Deficit Irrigation on the Some Physiological Traits and Seed Yield of Corn (Zea mays L.)
Mehdi Nasiri Davoud Zarehaghi Mohammad Reza NeyshabouriMineral mulches, such as pumice, increase water retention of soil, reduce evaporation and optimum water consumption. Use of pumice, thus, can be effective in improving the performance and growth of plant under water stress condition. This research was performed in compl MoreMineral mulches, such as pumice, increase water retention of soil, reduce evaporation and optimum water consumption. Use of pumice, thus, can be effective in improving the performance and growth of plant under water stress condition. This research was performed in completely randomized block design with three replications, four levels pumice, without its use (as control), and use of 30, 60 and 90 tons of pumice per hectare and three levels of irrigation (at 50% severe stress, at 70% moderate stress and at 100% without stress, evaporation from class A evaporation pan to evaluate the effect of treatment on some physiological traits of corn (modified hybrid of Maxima). Physiological traits of corn, was affected significantly by pumice and irrigation. The highest and lowest chlorophyll index, leaf relative water content, stomatal conductance and dry and fresh weight biomass, were obtained from pumice treatment of 90 tons per hectare and the control. The highest and lowest leaf temperature was also obtained from treatments of control and 90 tons per hectare. Chlorophyll index of 90 tons treatment per hectare in comparison with control and 30 tons per hectare of pumice amounted to 52 and 26% respectively. Stomatal conductance of irrigation at 50% evaporation from evaporation pan in comparison with treatments 70 and 100% decreased by 42 and 23% respectively. Thus it can conducted that the use of the 60 tons per hectare of pumice and irrigation at 70% evaporation from evaporation pan would be effective and will significantly affect plant vegetative characteristics and yield of corn. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Effects of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnO) on Improving Morpho-physiological, Yield and Its Components of Soybean (Glycine max L.) var. Williams under Salinity Stress
Seyed Fazel Fazeli Kakhki Morteza GoldaniTo evaluate the effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO) on morphological, physiological and seed yield of soybean and its components under saline conditions, an experiment a factorial experiment base on completely randomized design with three replications was conducted MoreTo evaluate the effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO) on morphological, physiological and seed yield of soybean and its components under saline conditions, an experiment a factorial experiment base on completely randomized design with three replications was conducted at the research greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran in 2017. The first factor consisted of four levels of salinity (0, 4, 6.5 and 9 dS.m-1), and the second factor of three concentration of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO) (0, 200 and 400 ppm). The results showed that foliar spraying 200 ppm nano-ZnO resulted in higher plant height, number of leaves and dry shoot weight than other nano-ZnO levels (zero and 400 ppm) in 6.5 and 9 dS.m-1 salinity. The highest stomatal conductance (11.2 μMH2O.m-2.S-1), relative water content (83.6%) and membrane stability index (80.7%) were obtained from application 200 ppm nano-ZnO at salinity level of 4 dS.m-1. Maximum number of seeds per plant (11.4) and seed weight per plant (2.24 g) were also recorded from 200 ppm nano-ZnO under salinity of 4 dS.m-1. At all levels of salinity stress, when enhancing concentration from zero to 200 ppm the amount of all studied traits were increased and with increased concentration of nano-ZnO from 200 to 400 ppm, all experimental traits were decreased due to toxicity effect induction of nano-ZnO on plant. In general, the results showed that sprying plant with 200 ppm zinc oxide nanoparticles improved soybean growth at 6.5 and 9 dS.m-1salinity stresses. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - The Role of Salicylic Acid in Improving the Photosynthetic System of Soybean (Glycin max L.) Genotypes under Drought Stress
Nasrin Razmi Ali Ebadi Jahanfar Daneeshian Soodabe JahanbakhshTo investigate the effect of salicylic acid on photosynthetic system and seed yield in soybean genotypes under drought stress a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design in both greenhouse and laboratory of Mohaghegh Ardebili University in 201 MoreTo investigate the effect of salicylic acid on photosynthetic system and seed yield in soybean genotypes under drought stress a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design in both greenhouse and laboratory of Mohaghegh Ardebili University in 2015. The factors consisted of water stress at 3 levels (85, 65 and 45% of field capacity), salicylic acid at 3 concentrations (0, 0.4 and 0.8 mM) and three soybean genotypes, Williams, D42X19, and L17. The results showed that the relative water content, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll a and b, chlorophyll a/b ratio, leaf area, maximum fluorescence and quantum yield decreased as the result to drought stress, while Williams showed more tolerance to drought stress as compared to other two genotypes. Application of 0.4 mM salicylic acid as compared to high concentration (0.8 mM) and control was the most effective treatment on reducing the adverse effects of drought stress. It could be said that this may increase the relative water and chlorophylls contents, leaf area, quantum yield and stomatal conductance under drought stress conditions. It seems that carotenoid contents as a result of drought stress and application of 0.8 mM salicylic acid were increased in soybean genotypes, especially in L17. SLA was also increased due to drought stress, which was higher in L17 genotype than other genotypes. According to the results of this study, williams genotype was the most tolerant to drought stress as compared to the other genotypes, and the application of salicylic acid would enhance tolerance to drought stress in soybean genotypes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Leaf Gas Exchange, Yield and Yield Components of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Cultivars as Affected by Plant Density
Reza Hosseinipour Seyyed Alireza Valadabady Mohammad Reza Mehrvar Saeed SayfzadehDetermination of optimal plant density is one of the main factors that may affect crop growth and seed yield when planting is performed in the plant residues especially in conservation tillage systems. To investigate the effect of plant density on leaf gas exchange of w MoreDetermination of optimal plant density is one of the main factors that may affect crop growth and seed yield when planting is performed in the plant residues especially in conservation tillage systems. To investigate the effect of plant density on leaf gas exchange of wheat cultivars, a field split plot experiment based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications was carried out at Karaj Research Farm of Seed and Plant Improvement Institute in Iran. In this study, the main factor was three levels at plant densities (400, 500 and 600 seed per m2) assigned to main plots and five wheat cultivars (Sivand, Sirvan, Pishtaz, Pishgam and Parsi) to sub-plots. Results of analysis of variance showed that transpiration rate (E) (p<0.05), stomatal conductance (Gs) (p<0.01), net photosynthetic rate (Pn) (p<0.01) and Quantum yield (Qy) (p<0.01), number of grain per spike (GPS), seed weight (SW), seed yield (SY), biological yield (BY) and harvest index (HI) were affected by plant density and cultivar significantly. In addition, interaction effect of plant density×cultivar was significant on leaf temperature (LT) (p<0.01), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) (p<0.05) and biological yield (BY) (p<0.01). The results also indicated that increment of plant densities of 400 to 600 seed per m2 decreased E, Gs, Pn and Qy. Increasing plant density decreased GPS and HI. The Pishgam cultivar had the highest E and Gs, while higher values of Pn, Qy and water use efficiency belonged to Parsi cultivar. The highest value of SY was obtained from Sirvan cultivar. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Effect of cold stress on survival and gas exchanges of olive seedlings (Olea europaea L.)
Khadijeh Mohadjeri Masoud Tabari Kouchaksaraei Sadati Seyed Ehsan Ali KhodadustCold tolerance is one of the important factors in the distribution of plant species. The aim of this study was to investigate the survival and gas exchange responses of olive (Olea europaea L.) seedlings to low temperature and freezing stress. For this purpose, 144 two- MoreCold tolerance is one of the important factors in the distribution of plant species. The aim of this study was to investigate the survival and gas exchange responses of olive (Olea europaea L.) seedlings to low temperature and freezing stress. For this purpose, 144 two-years-old potted seedlings of olive (cultivar yellow) with averaged height of 30 cm were examined as factorial in a completely random design (CRD) with 3 replications. Seedlings were exposed to six temperature levels (+2, -5, -7, -10, -16, and -20° C) for 1 and 3 hours. Gas exchange parameters such as net photosynthesis rate, transpiration, and stomatal conductance were measured for each treatment in three steps: before stress, immediately after stress, and 12 days after stress. Results showed that in each temperature level net photosynthesis rates, stomatal conductance, and transpiration reduced in both 1 and 3 hours chilling and this reduction was higher in seedlings subjected to 3 hours chilling. Olive seedlings exposed to -10, -16 and -20 °C temperatures were dead while in seedlings subjected to -7 °C and higher temperature (under both 1 and 3 hours chilling) gas exchange variables were recovered on day 12 after the stress. In general, this research revealed that olive seedlings (cultivar yellow) are able to tolerate low temperature up to -7°C for 3 hours. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Effect of water deficit stress and application of humic and salicylic acid on physiological traits, yield and yield components of corn
Seyyed Moosavi hossain Ragh araIn order to study the effect of water deficit and the application of humic and salicylic acid on physiological traits, yield and yield components of corn, an experiment was carried out as a split-plot based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications at MoreIn order to study the effect of water deficit and the application of humic and salicylic acid on physiological traits, yield and yield components of corn, an experiment was carried out as a split-plot based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications at the research field of Islamic Azad Universityof Birjand, Iran in 2014. The main factor was irrigation in three levels (supply of 33, 67 and 100% water requirement) and the sub-factor was humic and salicylic acid application in 4 levels (application of humic acid, salicylic acid, humic + salicylic acid and no application). The results of variance analysis showed that irrigation significantly affected traits of physiological, seed yield components and yield but humic acid and salicylic acid application significantly affected chlorophyle index, stomatal conductivity, 1000-seed weight and seed yield. Also, interaction effect of irrigation and humic acid and salicylic acid was no significant on measured traits. Chlorophyle index, stomatal conductivity, ear number per m2, row number per ear, seed number per row, seed number per ear and 1000-seed weight significantly decreased by 15.6, 35.6, 41.2, 14.1, 33.9, 61.8 and 40%, respectively with the decreas of water requirement from 100 to 33%. Seed yield and biological yield in treatment of 100% water requirement supply, had significantly superiority 3.9 and 2.4 times, respectively as compared with treatment of 33% water requirement supply. Chlorophyle index by 7.5, 7.7 and 8.9%, 1000-seed weight by 22.5, 26.6 and 20.7% and seed yield by 26.5, 18.5 and 21.7%, significantly increased with application of humic acid, salicylic acid and humic acid + salicylic acid respectively as compaed with no application of this acids. The results showed that supply of 100% water requirement and independent application of humic acid or salicylic acid can increase seed yield of corn. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Evaluation of the combined effect of organic and chemical fertilizers on some morphological, physiological, characteristics yield components and performance of sweet pepper (Caspsicum Annuum, Var: Traviata) under field conditions
sayd fazel fazeli kakhki hossein rezvani morteza goldani nastaran hemmatiIn order to investigate the combined effect of organic and chemical fertilizers on vegetative and yield characteristics of sweet pepper (Caspsicum annuum, Var: Traviata), an experiment was conducted on a randomized complete block design with three replications at Ferdow MoreIn order to investigate the combined effect of organic and chemical fertilizers on vegetative and yield characteristics of sweet pepper (Caspsicum annuum, Var: Traviata), an experiment was conducted on a randomized complete block design with three replications at Ferdowsi University Research Station Mashhad, in 2017. Treatments included control (without adding any fertilizer), NPK fertilizer, manure, vermicompost, vermicompost + chemical fertilizer, manure + chemical fertilizer, manure + vermicompost, and manure + vermicompost + chemical fertilizer. Results showed that the application of combined animal and chemical fertilizers significantly increased the morphological and yield components of the plant. The highest plant height, leaf number, leaf area, shoot dry weight, SPAD index, fruit length, number of fruits per plant, and fruit fresh weight per plant were obtained from combined treatment of manure and chemical fertilizers. Applying combined manure and chemical fertilizers increased the amount of stomata conductance about 45% in comparison with the control. The highest number of stomata in fruit was obtained from vermicompost treatment and the highest fruit diameter was recorded from combined vermicompost and chemical fertilizer. In general, the results showed that the combined application of manure and chemical fertilizer due to the effect of improving physical and chemical structure of soil, stimulation of some microorganisms, and availability of nutrients, led to increases in the morphological traits, yield components, and yield of sweet pepper. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - The effect of drought stress and selenium on some morphophysiological characteristics of Dragons head (Lallemantia iberica L.)
Masoomeh Amerian Alireza zebarjadi javaneh alsadat mehrabiIn order to investigate the effect of drought stress and different levels of selenium on growth and physiological characteristics of the Dragons head (Lallemantia iberica L.), a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications MoreIn order to investigate the effect of drought stress and different levels of selenium on growth and physiological characteristics of the Dragons head (Lallemantia iberica L.), a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications at Razi University Research Greenhouse. Experimental treatments consisted of different levels of humidity levels (full irrigation, 25%, 50% and 75% field capacity) and the second factor contained different concentrations of selenium (0, 5 and 10 mg L-1 sodium selenate). Foliar application of sodium selenate was performed in two stages. According to the results, drought stress had a negative effect on stem and leaf dry weight, inflorescence fresh weight, inflorescence length and leaf relative water content. Selenium increased shoot and leaf dry weight, inflorescence length and leaf relative water content. Under drought stress, selenium increased plant height, shoot number, stem fresh weight, leaf number and leaf fresh weight. Selenium increased biological yield, inflorescence dry weight, number of flowers, seed weight per plant, 1000-seed weight and seed yield. Selenium had a positive effect on stomatal conductance and chlorophyll fluorescence of leaves. As a result, foliar application of sodium selenate can overcome drought stress and prevents reduce in seed yield. The increase in seed yield in Dragons head may be related to increase in number of flowers per inflorescence, number of seeds per plant, seed weight per plant and 1000-seed weight. Therefore, under drought stress, foliar application of sodium selenate in two stages can prevent or reduce seed yield by reducing the effects of drought stress. Therefore, foliar application of 10 mg L-1 sodium selenate is recommended to reduce the effects of drought stress on the cultivation of Dragons head. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Evaluation of photosynthetic pigments, fluorescence indexes, gas exchange, and some active flavonoid substances in Viola tricolor L. under the effect of bio-silver nanoparticles
Arefeh Hassanvand Sara Saadatmand Hossein Lariyazdi Alireza IranbakhshViola tricolor L. of the Violaceae family is used for its antioxidant and pharmaceutical compounds. This study was conducted based on a completely randomized design with four replications to investigate the effect of silver nanoparticles on the photosynthetic systems an MoreViola tricolor L. of the Violaceae family is used for its antioxidant and pharmaceutical compounds. This study was conducted based on a completely randomized design with four replications to investigate the effect of silver nanoparticles on the photosynthetic systems and gas exchange of the Viola tricolor L. Treatments included silver nanoparticles with three concentrations (10, 50, and 100 ppm) and a control (distilled water). Results of the study showed that relative water content, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll a concentration, and total chlorophyll concentration, maximum fluorescence, soluble carbohydrate, and antioxidant activity were higher in the treated plants compared with the control plants. Stomatal conductance showed a significant improvement under 50 mg/L silver nanoparticles compared with the other treatments. Maximum chlorophyll b was observed in 10 ppm concentration of silver nanoparticles. Moreover, the highest chlorophyll a content was observed in the plants treated with 50 mg/L concentration of nanoparticles. Carotenoid contents significantly improved in the plants treated with silver nanoparticles. CO2 content and insoluble carbohydrate were higher in the control group compared with the other treatments. A number of effective flavonoids were assayed, including Rutin, Quercetin, and Apigenin which showed a significant difference compared with the control group in 10, 50, and 10 ppm treatments, respectively. The results of this study showed that silver nanoparticles stimulate antioxidant activity and increase the secondary metabolites (flavonoid content) of Viola tricolor L. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Compensate for reduced yield due to late water stress by using growth enhancers in the tillering stage of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Mehrnoush Eskandari Torbaghan sayd fazel fazeli kakhki Mohammad JoleiniThe application of foliar spraying can be practical in critical stages for alleviating plant nutritional needs in the short term. To investigate the effect of growth enhancers in the tillering stage of wheat on the compensation of required compounds from storage sources MoreThe application of foliar spraying can be practical in critical stages for alleviating plant nutritional needs in the short term. To investigate the effect of growth enhancers in the tillering stage of wheat on the compensation of required compounds from storage sources to grain in the remobilization process in the stopping last irrigation, an experiment was carried out in a split-plot arrangement based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at the farm of Kashmar research station in 2020-2021. The main plots were two variety of wheat: V1: Sirvan and V2: Rakhshan, the subplots were growth enhancers including (T1: Control, T2: Urea phosphate (10 kg.ha-1) + solopotas (8 kg.ha-1) + amino acid (2:1000); T3: Urea phosphate (10 kg.ha-1) + solopotas (8 kg.ha-1) + micronutrient (2:1000); T4: Urea phosphate (10 kg.ha-1) + solopotas (8 kg.ha-1) + humic acid (2:1000). The results showed that the highest plant height was obtained from T3 treatment in the Sirvan cultivar. In both Sirvan and Rakhshan varieties, the highest peduncle length was recorded from a foliar spray of T3. The highest plant dry weight (1290 g.m-2) per square meter was also obtained from T2 in Sirvan. Grain weight per square meter in the Sirvan cultivar was 651, 582, and 462 g.m-2 from the application of T2, T3, and T4, respectively, which was higher than the Rakhshan cultivar in these treatments. The highest amount of photosynthesis was 19.1 μCO2mol.m-2. s-1, stomatal conductance, and intercellular CO2 (Ci) were obtained in the Sirvan cultivar by T2 application. In general, the effect of T2 treatment on photosynthesis and yield indicates compensation for the lack of grain yield (52% increase) and biomass (51%) due to the last water stop in the Sirvan cultivar. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Investigating the relationship between water stress index (CWSI) and yield of maize in Qazvin region
reza saeidiIn order to scheduling the irrigation time and estimation the crop yield with CWSI index, a research was done on maize (S.C. 704). The experiment was performed as factorial in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were included the water stress in growth stages MoreIn order to scheduling the irrigation time and estimation the crop yield with CWSI index, a research was done on maize (S.C. 704). The experiment was performed as factorial in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were included the water stress in growth stages of 6-leaf, 12-leaf, flowering, seeds doughing and a control treatment with full irrigation. At the threshold of water stress, CWSI index values for the above growth stages were estimated to be 0.37, 0.54, 0.63 and 0.47, respectively. Therefore, irrigation time was recommended when the CWSI index reached to the above values. Maize biomass yield in control and stress treatments at growth stages of 6-leaf, 12-leaf, flowering and seeds doughing, was measured equal to 60.1, 55.5, 48.2, 45.1 and 50 (t.ha-1), respectively. The results showed there was a relationship of Y(ton.ha-1)=-25.603CWSI+62.049 between the CWSI index and maize yield. Therefore, crop yield was estimated by the amount of CWSI index. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Morphological and physiological characteristics for evaluation of salicylic acid effects on Celosia argentea L. under salinity stress
Afsaneh Gholamzadeh Alam Sadegh Mousavi-Fard Abdolhossein Rezaei Nejad -
Open Access Article
15 - Effect of short-term salinity on photosynthesis and ion relations in two sugar beet cultivars.
Alireza Dadkhah Ghorbanali Rassam -
Open Access Article
16 - اثر نانواکسید روی، اسید سالیسیلیک و سدیم نیتروپروساید روی صفات فیزیولوژیکی و آنزیمی بنفشه معطر تحت رژیمهای آبی مختلف
حمیده باقری داود هاشمآبادی بهمن پاسبان اسلام شهرام صداقت حور اثرات نانواکسید روی (ZnO)، اسید سالیسیلیک (SA) و سدیم نیتروپروساید (SNP) روی بنفشه معطر در شرایط مختلف آبیاری به­صورت آزمایش فاکتوریل مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. عوامل عبارت بودند از تنش خشکی در سه سطح شامل آبیاری در 55 (تنش شدید)، 65 (تنش ملایم) و 85 (شاهد) درصد ظ More اثرات نانواکسید روی (ZnO)، اسید سالیسیلیک (SA) و سدیم نیتروپروساید (SNP) روی بنفشه معطر در شرایط مختلف آبیاری به­صورت آزمایش فاکتوریل مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. عوامل عبارت بودند از تنش خشکی در سه سطح شامل آبیاری در 55 (تنش شدید)، 65 (تنش ملایم) و 85 (شاهد) درصد ظرفیت مزرعه (FC) بر اساس تخلیه آب خاک و استفاده برگی ZnO، SA، SNP و آب مقطر (به عنوان شاهد) در 7 سطح. مقایسه میانگینها نشان داد که بهترین نتایج از اثر متقابل 200 میلیگرم در لیتر SA و آبیاری در سطح 85 درصد FC به­دست آمد و این تیمار روی اکثر صفات اثر مثبت داشت. همچنین تیمار 300 میلیگرم در لیتر و هر دو سطح SNP نسبت به شاهد و نانواکسید روی بهتر بودند. کمترین هدایت روزنهای در SNP 200 میکرومولار در 55 درصد ظرفیت مزرعه به­دست آمد. کمترین مالون­دی آلدئید (MDA) در تیمار 200 میلیگرم در لیتر SA و 85 درصد FC حاصل شد. بیشترین مقدار رطوبت نسبی (RWC) در تیمار 1500 میلیگرم در لیتر نانواکسید روی و 85 درصد ظرفیت مزرعه دیده شد. گیاهان شاهد در 55 درصد FC بیشترین پرولین (62/46 میکروگرم در گرم وزن تر) را داشتند. بالاترین فعالیت آنزیم پراکسیداز (POD) مربوط به تیمار 1000 میلیگرم در لیتر نانو اکسید روی و بیشترین فعالیت آنزیم آسکوربات پراکسیداز (APX) در تیمار 1500 میلیگرم در لیتر نانواکسید روی در 55 درصد ظرفیت مزرعه به­دست آمد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - رفتار روزنه ای برگ بیدی (Tradescantia pallida) در واکنش به دمای محیط ریشه
نبی الله اشرفی عبدالحسین رضایی نژادتاثیر دمای محیط ریشه (25، 35 و 45 درجه) و مدت تیمار گرمایی (30، 60 و 90 دقیقه) بر تبادلات گازی و رفتار روزنه­ای در برگ گیاه برگ بیدی بررسی گردید. آزمایش در محیط کنترل شده و به صورت فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح کاملا تصادفی با چهار تکرار انجام گرفت. نتایج نشان داد میزا Moreتاثیر دمای محیط ریشه (25، 35 و 45 درجه) و مدت تیمار گرمایی (30، 60 و 90 دقیقه) بر تبادلات گازی و رفتار روزنه­ای در برگ گیاه برگ بیدی بررسی گردید. آزمایش در محیط کنترل شده و به صورت فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح کاملا تصادفی با چهار تکرار انجام گرفت. نتایج نشان داد میزان فوسنتز در گیاهان تیمار شده با دمای 25 و 35 درجه اختلاف آماری معنی­داری نداشته است. اگرچه، مساحت منفذ روزنه و عرض منفذ روزنه در دمای 35 درجه در مقایسه با دمای 25 درجه افزایش نشان داد ولی در دمای 45 درجه به شدت کاهش داشته است. همچنین میزان فتوسنتز و هدایت روزنه­ای گیاهان تیمار شده با 45 درجه در مقایسه با دمای 35 درجه به ترتیب 76 و 68 درصد کاهش داشته است. مساحت منفذ روزنه در گیاهان تیمار شده با دمای 35 درجه در مقایسه با دمای 25 و 45 درجه به ترتیب 27 درصد و 320 درصد بیشتر بوده است. مساحت منفذ روزنه بعد از 30 دقیقه تیمار با دمای 35 درجه، به­ترتیب 61 و 45 درصد بیشتر از زمان 60 و 90 دقیقه تیمار بوده است. شوک گرمایی 45 درجه در محیط ریشه در مقایسه با دمای 35 درجه موجب کاهش هدایت روزنه ای (81 درصد) و تعرق (60 درصد) می­گردد. به طور کلی، نتایج نشان داد که دمای ریشه بر رفتار روزنه­ای و تبادلات گازی موثر بوده و می­تواند در تولید گیاهان گلخانه­ای و در برنامه تغذیه مورد توجه قرار گیرد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Morphophysiologicals Problems in Acclimatization of Micropropagated Plants in -Ex Vitro Conditions- A Reviews
Kshitij Kumar I. U. RaoPlant tissue culture refers to growing and multiplication of cells, tissues and organs of plants on defined solid or liquid media under aseptic and controlled environment. Micropropagation allows rapid production of high quality, disease-free and uniform planting materi MorePlant tissue culture refers to growing and multiplication of cells, tissues and organs of plants on defined solid or liquid media under aseptic and controlled environment. Micropropagation allows rapid production of high quality, disease-free and uniform planting material. The micropropagation of high quality planting materials of ornamentals, and forest and fruit trees has created new opportunities in global trading for producers, farmers, and nursery owners, and for rural employment. A substantial number of micropropagated plants do not survive transfer from in vitro conditions to greenhouse or field environments. The greenhouse and field have substantially lower relative humidity, higher light level and septic environment that are stressful to micro-propagated plants compared to in vitro conditions. It is possible to acclimatize plantlets during in vitro as well as in vivo by various methods and thereby fa-cilitating the successful transfer of in vitro cultured plantlets to soil. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Evaluation of the effect of planting method on the morphological and anatomical properties of Iranian alliums native populations (Allium ampeloperasum ssp. Persicum)
Kaveh Limouchi1 Fatemeh Fateminick2This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of planting method on the morphological and anatomical properties of Iranian alliums native populations. The experiment was conducted in spilt plot base on randomized complete block design with three repetitions for one year i MoreThis study was aimed to evaluate the effect of planting method on the morphological and anatomical properties of Iranian alliums native populations. The experiment was conducted in spilt plot base on randomized complete block design with three repetitions for one year in Khuzestan. Main factor was at two levels (1: stream and ridges and 2: plot) and the secondary factor included two alliums masses of Shadegan and Ahwaz19. Results showed that on-ridges planting, in terms of better input management, in spite of having the minimum number of plant per square meter, had the higher level of agriculture properties such as more leaf per plant, length, width, and weight. Maximum stomata diameter and surface was achieved from plot planting, which increased the resulted-from–the yield quality reduction transpiration and dehydration in this method of planting, while the maximum number of stomates, because of the optimal conditions, was gained through the on- stream and ridge planting in Ahwaz19, and can be the main reason of the increase of the leaf’s dry weight. Based on these results, it seems that by concentrating the modifying goals on the mentioned anatomical properties, with the appropriate method of planting, we can hopefully expect an increase in yield resulted from the increase of pure photosynthesis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - The alteration of germination percentage and leaf stomatal features of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) subjected to drought and salinity stresses.
Shiva Aghajanzadeh Gheshlaghi Maryam Peyvandi Ahmad Majd Hosein AbbaspourBlack cumin (Nigella sativa L.) as an herbal plant with high medicinal and economical usage, belongs to Rannunculaceae family. Due to the economic and medicinal importance of this plant and the seriousness of salinity and drought problems in Iran, in this study, the eff MoreBlack cumin (Nigella sativa L.) as an herbal plant with high medicinal and economical usage, belongs to Rannunculaceae family. Due to the economic and medicinal importance of this plant and the seriousness of salinity and drought problems in Iran, in this study, the effect of salinity and drought stress on germination percentage and stomatal changes was investigated. The experiment was performed based on completely randomized design with three replications in the pot condition. To create different levels of drought and salinity, two days/ three days of drought and 30, 60 mM NaCl were used respectively. Germination percentage was recorded daily by placing 10 seeds in Petri-dish. Leaf stomata traits were studied using a light microscope two months after treatment. Variance analysis results showed that increasing drought and salinity stress reduced germination percentage. Drought stress also had a greater effect on reducing the size of the pore so that the diameter and the length of the pore showed a significant decrease and the pores were elongated, which shows the effect of dry stress on the closing stomata. Also, high salinity stress (60 mM NaCl) caused a significant increase in pore width and had no significant effect on other stomatal characteristics. The applied drought and salinity stresses did not show a significant increase in the number of stomata. According to the stomatal reaction in different levels of draught stress rather than salinity, it could be indicated the higher sensitivity of this plant to drought treatments. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Dust Particles and Aerosols: Impact on Biota “A Review” (Part II)
Victor R Squires -
Open Access Article
22 - Growth and physiological reactions of common bean cv. Sanry in response to salicylic acid and biostimulants under different irrigation regimes
Zahra Ghahremani Taher Barzegar Jaefar Nikbakht Zahra GhahramaniIn order to study the effect of foliar application of salicylic acid (SA) and biostimulants on growth, physiological characters, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium concentration and pod yield of common bean cv. Sanry under different irrigation regimes, the experiment wa MoreIn order to study the effect of foliar application of salicylic acid (SA) and biostimulants on growth, physiological characters, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium concentration and pod yield of common bean cv. Sanry under different irrigation regimes, the experiment was conducted split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replicates in research filed of university of Zanjan during 2015. Three different irrigation (I) regimes (100, 75 and 50% ETc) and foliar application of salicylic acid (0.5, 1 and 1.5 mM), Megafol (0.1, 0.2 and 0.3% MF) and to distilled water as control were conducted. The results showed that water deficit stress significantly reduced growth and pod yield. Foliar application of SA and MF enhanced growth and fruit yield. The irrigation × foliar treatments interactions results suggested that maximum leaf number (43.1), leaf area (2729.3 cm-2) and pod yield (6193.9 kg.ha-1) was obtained using MF 0.2% under I100 %ETc. Plants sprayed with SA 1.5mM and MF 0.2% exhibited higher stomatal conductance (205.27 mM.m-2s-1) under I100 %ETc. The highest N (2.47%), P (181.6 ppm) and K (0.88%) concentration was found in plants sprayed with MF 0.2%, SA 1mM and MF 0.3%, respectively under I100 %ETc. According to the results, MF 0.2% and SA 0.5 mM had the highest effects on growth and pod yield under water deficit stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Physiological responses of sweet corn under water deficit and nitrogen rates at different growth stages
A. Shahriari A.B. Puteh A.B. Abdul Rahim G.B. SalehWater deficit is one of the main factors limiting production in arid and semiarid regions. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of the interaction of water deficit and N fertilizer rate on relative water content, proline content, leaf chlorophyll c MoreWater deficit is one of the main factors limiting production in arid and semiarid regions. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of the interaction of water deficit and N fertilizer rate on relative water content, proline content, leaf chlorophyll content, pollen number and pollen viability, photosynthesis rate and stomata conductance parameters in two hybrid sweet corn ( 968 and 926) in greenhouse condition. The experimental layout was split plot factorial design arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications in 2010 in the Agriculture Crop Science, Putra University Malaysia (UPM). Treatments consisted of four levels of irrigation (including irrigating all the growing season (control), vegetative drought, reproductive drought and vegetative and reproductive drought), three levels of Nitrogen as urea (40, 120 and 200 kg ha-1) and two varieties of sweet corn varieties (including hybrids 968 and 926), respectively. Results showed that the interaction effects of water deficit and Nitrogen fertilizer were significant and reduced leaf chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate and stomata conductivity under water and Nitrogen rate deficit. Also the results showed that water deficit at vegetative and productive growth stages reduced photosynthesis rate compared to normal irrigation by 54% and 84%, respectively. But Nitrogen treatments at 200 and 120 kg ha-1 did not show any significant decrease in stomata conductivity. Whereas. Proline content increased under water deficit. Pollen number reduced with water and nitrogen deficit. Pollen viability reduced only under water deficit by 39%. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Stomatal Morphology and Desiccation Response of Persian Walnut Tissue Culture Plantlets Influenced by the Gelling Agent of In Vitro Culture Medium
Zeinab Asayesh Sasan Aliniaeifard Kourosh Vahdati -
Open Access Article
25 - Evaluation of the Behavior of Native Iranian Pistachio Species as Rootstocks
H. R. Karimi -
Open Access Article
26 - Effect of Potassium Nano Chelate on Physiological and Yield Characteristics of Barley in Phenological Stages under Irrigation Cut-Off Conditions
mohammad sayahi مانی مجدم Alireza ShokuhfarIn order to effect of potassium nano chelate on physiological and yield characteristics of barley in irrigation cut-off conditions, this research was done as split plot in randomized complete blocks design with three replications. Main treatment consisted: full irrigati MoreIn order to effect of potassium nano chelate on physiological and yield characteristics of barley in irrigation cut-off conditions, this research was done as split plot in randomized complete blocks design with three replications. Main treatment consisted: full irrigation, no irrigation at the beginning of stem elongation, and no irrigation at the pollination stage and sub treatment consisted: no foliar application (control), 35 mg.L-1 and 65 mg.L-1 potassium nano chelate. results showed that the effect of deficit irrigation cut-off and potassium nano-chelate on number of spikes, number of seeds per spike, weight of 1000 seeds, grain yield, stomatal conductance, canopy temperature and relative water content leaf were statistically significant at 1% level of probability. Interaction irrigation cut-off and potassium nano-chelate number of spikes, weight of 1000 seeds, in canopy temperature and relative water content leaf were significant at 1% probability and stomatal conductance at 5% probability level. The highest grain yield was in full irrigation (control) (5308 kg.ha-1) and 65 mg.L-1 potassium nano-chelate (4854.9 kg.ha-1) and the lowest was in irrigation at anthesis (3169.4 kg.ha-1) and no foliar application (control) (3588 kg.ha-1). the maximum relative water content of leaf was in complete irrigation (control) and foliar application of 65 mg.L-1 potassium nano-fertilizer (73.13%) and the minimum was in non-irrigation at anthesis and non-foliar application of potassium nano-fertilizer (35.99%). maximum stomatal coductance was in complete irrigation (control) and foliar application of 65 mg.L-1 potassium nano-fertilizer (185.87 mlmol.m-2s-1) and the minimum was in non-irrigation at anthesis and non-foliar application of potassium nano-fertilizer (47.99 mlmol.m-2s-1). as a result, foliar application of 65 mg.L-1 potassium nano-fertilizer at different irrigation cut-off periods cause improves grain yield and leaf water in comparison to control (no foliar application) and is recommended. Manuscript profile
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