Changes in Growth Indices and Anatomy Traits of Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) under Salinity Stress
Subject Areas : Developmental biology of plants and animals , development and differentiation in microorganismsLaleh Ahmadi 1 , Elham Mohajel Kazemi 2 , هانیه محجل شجا 3 , Maryam Kolahi 4
1 - 1. Department of Plant, Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
2 - 1. Department of Plant, Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
3 - . Department of Plant, Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz
4 - Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz
Keywords: Spinach, Salinity, Anatomical features, stomata ,
Abstract :
Soil salinization with sodium chloride ions is an abiotic stress that affects adversely many aspects of growth and development in plants. Spinach (Amaranthaceae family) moderately sensitive to salinity, is also a rich source of vitamins and minerals. In this study, spinach seedlings were irrigated with NaCl solutions at concentrations of 0, 50, 150, 250, and 350 mM for 21 days, followed by morphological and anatomical analyses. The results indicated that salinity stress significantly reduced plant length tolerance index and plant weight index with increasing salinity, while a nonsignificant increase in the plant weight index was observed at 50 and 150 mM NaCl. Moreover, root diameter, root stele diameter, root cortex thickness, stem diameter, xylem vessel diameter of the stem, diameter of the leaf midvein, and xylem vessel diameter within the midvein were reduced by increasing salinity. The spongy and palisade tissues did not show significant change at 50 and 150 mM NaCl, but at 250 and 350 mM NaCl, the thickness of the palisade tissue increased, while that of spongy tissue decreased. It also significantly increased the number of abaxial and adaxial stomata on the leaves at 50 and 150 mM NaCl, .but higher levels of salinity reduced these further. Our results suggest that these changes may affect the plant's physiological functions and enhance salinity resistance
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