Rule of law

Open Access Article

1 - Investigating the factors affecting the fight against corruption (Study case: Sports and Youth Department of Central Province)
sadaf naghsh javaheri ali asghar pourezzat abolhassan faghihi amir babak marjani

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effective factors on fighting corruption in the Sports and Youth Department of Central Province. The current research was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in nature. The statistical popu More

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effective factors on fighting corruption in the Sports and Youth Department of Central Province. The current research was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in nature. The statistical population of the present study was all the employees of the Sports and Youth Department of Central Province and its sub-units, numbering 890 people. According to Cochran's limited formula, the sample size was equal to 268 people. And the random sampling method was simple. Field method and questionnaire tool were used for data analysis. From the standard questionnaire of Sorek and Helgren (2002) for the variable of job security, from the questionnaire of Javadi Yeganeh et al. (2009) for the variable of strengthening the rule of law, from the standard questionnaire of Sawyer (1992) for the variable of organizational transparency, from the standard questionnaire of Bowens (2005) for the variable Organizational accountability and Abdulahi's questionnaire (2013) was used for the variable of fight against corruption. In this research, standard questionnaires were used and approved by university professors, so the questionnaires have been valid. Also, the reliability of the questionnaires has been confirmed. SPSS and Lisrel software were used to analyze the data. The results of the research showed that job security, strengthening the rule of law, transparency and accountability were effective factors in fighting corruption in the Sports and Youth Department of Central Province. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Protecting the fundamental rights of the nation in the face of the security of criminal policy and the uncontrolled judicial actions of the government
Seyed Mohammad Farrokh Reza Shafiee Salman Kunani Smira Golkhandan

10.30495/jlap.2021.18973

The protection of the fundamental rights of the nation is the gateway to the realization of democracy and the rule of law in society. Violation of these rights prevents the constitutional role from playing a desirable role in society, and guaranteeing these rights means More

The protection of the fundamental rights of the nation is the gateway to the realization of democracy and the rule of law in society. Violation of these rights prevents the constitutional role from playing a desirable role in society, and guaranteeing these rights means protecting the constitution and the condition of legal development in society, which itself is compatible with measures such as public policy, such as criminal policy. Among the fundamental rights of the nation, which are likely to be violated in the security-oriented approach of criminal policy and exceptions to the rule of law, is the right to liberty and the right to sue. With description; In this article, with a descriptive-analytical method, an overview of the components of each of the mentioned matters and the results of the research indicate that; Despite the security contexts of Iran's criminal policy and the requirements of the rule of law, the reality is that the nation's fundamental rights are not violated and the establishment of participatory criminal policy mechanisms and the rulers' real benefit from religious teachings, as well as the necessary measures to control and monitor more. Exercising judicial oversight by the government can put an end to any possible concerns of violations or deviations from the nation's fundamental rights. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - World Peace through World Law
M.R Hakakzadeh

The function of general assembly and Security Council to oppose international terrorism and achieve to humanitarian aids are outcomes of peace. The formation of international justice characters which gloried to last decade of 20th century, has high importance for achiev More

The function of general assembly and Security Council to oppose international terrorism and achieve to humanitarian aids are outcomes of peace. The formation of international justice characters which gloried to last decade of 20th century, has high importance for achieving the global peace. Nowadays constitution of international criminal court (ICC) is a strong factor to guaranty the right of self-determination. Prohibition use of force has been mentioned in Paris pact between two world wars before the conclusion contents of charter of United Nations.Addition international governmental and non-governmental organizations and international institutions have a great role in globalization of international legal system.I have surveyed the obligations of states before international community which merge their solidarity. Also in this article different dimensions of process and factors which are obstacles to armament conflicts, has been investigated.Exclusive jurisdiction arose from Westphalia system has been changed to nation-state. Finally increasing tendency to “we the people of United Nations” through development of international law-making conventions in recent years, achievement to stable peace shall be facilitated as more as attention to human rights and role of human being.An international rule of law observance brings enunciation to progress, pacification and peace for mankind community. Connection between sovereignty and peremptory norms of international law on one hand and the other hand explaining mean of peace and global legal system have affection on together and problem of breach of human rights norms leads to violation of peace have been analyzed. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Electronic Banking Industry and Accountability (Case of Study: Employees of Refah Bank)
Mohammad Zaman Mohammadi Raeesi Soroush Fathi

Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Factors affecting the tax culture from the perspective of taxpayers and tax experts VAT Office in Tehran
Mohammad Masihi Aboulghasem Mohammad nejad alizamini

Introduction and Objective: Identify factors affecting the tax culture and solutions toimprove itMethod: The method used in this study is applicable, the type of data, quantitative and themethod of data collection, descriptive and correlational. Structural equation mode More

Introduction and Objective: Identify factors affecting the tax culture and solutions toimprove itMethod: The method used in this study is applicable, the type of data, quantitative and themethod of data collection, descriptive and correlational. Structural equation modeling (SEM)method for the analysis of the conceptual model is based on the research data analysissoftware LISREL 8. In two parts: confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural model. Inthe first part, the technical characteristics of the questionnaire with the reliability index,converged check and the second part of the structural coefficients were used to investigateour hypothesisFindings: The results show that one of the obstacles to the realization of income tax is thetax culture. Based on the results of familiarity with the rules, understand the people on theproper implementation of laws, a person familiar with the preferences, the process ofcollection, preservation and protection of the enforcement of law and respect of clients andtheir makers is an important issue affecting the formation of tax culture. The findings alsoshow that tax payers and law-makers do their job activities to be very important and equalmoral and religious values and tax crimes and violations of national and international knowthere's fitness taxConclusions: Our results indicate the positive and significant impact of knowledge of taxpayers satisfaction, job satisfaction, tax agents, will govern and, rule of law enforced onorganizational culture Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Social Thought and Social Responsibility in Imamiyah and Sunni Jurisprudence
Iraj Charkhchi Naser Marivani محمد علی ضیائی

Islamic jurisprudence is responsible for understanding divine laws and responding to human needs in the context of individual and social laws and regulations that specify the general rights of individuals to the community, as well as the proper structure of these relati More

Islamic jurisprudence is responsible for understanding divine laws and responding to human needs in the context of individual and social laws and regulations that specify the general rights of individuals to the community, as well as the proper structure of these relationships, and rules such as law, loss, discipline. And he remembers your stewardship ... Guarantees are among the most important and controversial topics in the field of law. Most importantly, because it is the most afflicted, and most controversial, in spite of the wide range of opinions and writings on this subject, there are still disagreements. Social thought has been a well-known customary and institutional founding of human societies and its origin is respect for the property, rights, and other matters in which the guarantor is concerned, and thus in all religions and law schools, the general principle of the guarantor notwithstanding. It has been recognized and legitimized and proven in the toys. Therefore, the root of the customary establishment of the guarantee must be traced back to property and other individual and social rights that have been accepted by human beings in all historical periods for the sake of social interest and justice. The product of social institution is the guarantee of social order, security and justice. Assigning a variety of responsibilities is also a new approach to the science of law. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Environmental Rule of Law" and its role in the Sustainable Development Goals, Emphasizing on the International Union for Conservation of Nature on the World Declaration on the Environmental
Seyed Abbas Poorhashemi Seyed Behrad Mirfakhraei

Background and Aim": Environmental Rule of Law" is an emerging concept which has been raised as a legal instrument by the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) for the first time and it has been able to work in order to extent the environmental protection and to add More

Background and Aim": Environmental Rule of Law" is an emerging concept which has been raised as a legal instrument by the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) for the first time and it has been able to work in order to extent the environmental protection and to address the environmental challenges. This concept is generally derived from the notion of the Rule of law that derives from domestic law to international law. International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) at the First World Congress on Environmental Law has developed a Declaration to better understand the concept of 13 principles that can play a significant role in the goals of sustainable development; some of the principles referred to others.  In fact, the emphasis is on the fundamental principles of environmental law, and new principles have been introduced, which can be considered through the pursuit of sustainable development goals. Also, for the implementation of this concept, administrative and educational solutions are addressed in this Declaration. This paper examines the "Environmental Rule of law" and its role in sustainable development goals by emphasizing on the International Union for Conservation of Nature on the World Declaration on the Environmental. In addition, the aim of this article is to provide some solutions to the legal and executive challenges in this matter.  Methods: In this research, information has been collected by observing a library according to documents, texts, articles, etc. And in terms of the type of data, it is considered a qualitative method. Findings: The concept of the rule of law especially environmental issues at the level of international law, as a unifying solution to provide the progress of sustainable development. Discussion and Conclusion: The principles considered for the mentioned concept of environmental rule of law; it is important to lead to the reduction of adverse effects, reduce conflicts over resources and facilitate the goals of the third generation of human rights as a legal solution to achieve the goals of sustainable development and justice. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Measuring political efficiency in the Rouhani government based on the indicators of the rule of law and the legitimacy of the executive branch
Sharareh Abdolhoseinzadeh Ali ali hoseini Siamak Bahrami

One of the most important things to know the government is to measure its efficiency. Efficiency expresses the degree of success of the government, especially in the executive branch, to achieve its specific goals, and it also expresses the degree of its effectiveness, More

One of the most important things to know the government is to measure its efficiency. Efficiency expresses the degree of success of the government, especially in the executive branch, to achieve its specific goals, and it also expresses the degree of its effectiveness, which comes about through different institutions and with different mechanisms. In this research, Rouhani's government, known as the government of prudence and hope, has been examined considering two important indicators of rule of law and legitimacy. The main question of this research is how the efficiency of the government, based on two indicators of rule of law and legitimacy, was measured in Rouhani's government and how was it? This research, using descriptive-analytical method, has come to the conclusion that in the field of rule of law index, Rouhani's performance was always in the red state and his limited efforts to improve the existing indicators in this field were met with failure. Regarding the legitimacy of the Rouhani government, it was related to the position of the general public. At this point, the majority of Iranian citizens reached the stage of indifference towards the country's political issues, especially participation in the elections, due to the weak management performance of the government and the type of protests faced in 1996-1998. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - Economic Transparency and the Rule of Law Emphasizing Article (6) of the Law on the Implementation of General Policies, Article 44 of the Constitution
Laleh Shahbazi Ahmad Markazmalmiri, Erfan, Shams عبدالرضا برزگر

AbstractThis article aims to describe the state of clarification and how to present and disclose financial information of companies and economic enterprisesSecurities and Exchange Organization (in line with the legal duties of Article (6) of the Law on the Implementatio More

AbstractThis article aims to describe the state of clarification and how to present and disclose financial information of companies and economic enterprisesSecurities and Exchange Organization (in line with the legal duties of Article (6) of the Law on the Implementation of General Policies, Article 11 of the Constitution)Islamic Republic of Iran (approved by the Islamic Council on 5118/14/58) and numerous amendments in 5141, 5146, 5148 and 5149, as one of the indicators of the rule of law.Disclosure and presentation of accurate, transparent and timely financial information of companies and economic enterprises to the stock exchange organization It can provide a healthy and fair competitive environment in the society because wherever there is information transparency, public supervision and accountability If there is not enough, the possibility of fraud, discrimination, rent, mistrust, corruption and mismanagement increases. On a macro scale Also, transparency can increase social and economic capital, strengthen the rule of law and good governance.In the current research, how the laws and regulations, legal tools and enforcement guarantees are effective in the field Clarifying and providing correct and timely financial information of economic institutions and enterprises, studied through documentary studies data and provide solutions to overcome existing obstacles. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - Examining the relationship between the indicators of good governance (the right to comment and respond and the rule of law) and human security in Iran: a case study of the 11th and 12th governments
saeed darabnia Hossein Karimifard Jahanbakhsh Moradi Ali Bakhtiyarpour

The issue of good governance and its indicators have influenced the approach of governments on most of the basic issues. The current study seeks to examine the relationship between good governance and human security in Iran. It seems that there is a direct relationship More

The issue of good governance and its indicators have influenced the approach of governments on most of the basic issues. The current study seeks to examine the relationship between good governance and human security in Iran. It seems that there is a direct relationship between good governance indicators and human security. In such a way that the poor condition of the index of the right to comment and answer and the rule of law has led to the failure of human security. In order to carry out this research, descriptive-analytical research method and field survey have been used. The results of the research say: the degree of representation of rulers from social classes, the probability of success in suing the government, freedom of speech and political gatherings, political processes in holding elections, the rate of committing Among the issues, organized crimes and holding public gatherings have the most impact. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - Components of the principles of good governance effective on the legislative branch
Zahra Qolami moghaddam Mohammad Sharif shahi Seyed mohammad Hashemi Qodrat allah Norozi baghkameh

In recent decades, the implementation of good governance programs and reforms as a development strategy has been requested from developing countries by many international financial institutions and donor countries that are part of developed countries and introduced as t More

In recent decades, the implementation of good governance programs and reforms as a development strategy has been requested from developing countries by many international financial institutions and donor countries that are part of developed countries and introduced as the most effective development model. The purpose of the current research is to investigate the components of good governance of the legislative branch. And the research method is descriptive-analytical. The legislature is one of the important institutions in the country's macro-decision-making, considering the relationship between the legislature and the executive, the governance in the Islamic Republic can be considered a semi-presidential and semi-parliamentary system. The findings show that the principles of good governance as a development strategy create several requirements for the legislature and these requirements are examined by separating the functions of the legislature into legislative and regulatory functions. The executive branch should not be negatively affected. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - the rule of law and the multiplicity of specific legislative institutions in irans legal system
farivar khalili shojaie haneh farkish javanmir abdollahi Ebad Rouhi

The victory of the Islamic Revolution of Iran and, consequently, the adoption of a new constitution adopted from Shi'i jurisprudence and, of course, the modeling of the basic laws of some Western countries, provided the basis for innovations in the legal system of Iran, More

The victory of the Islamic Revolution of Iran and, consequently, the adoption of a new constitution adopted from Shi'i jurisprudence and, of course, the modeling of the basic laws of some Western countries, provided the basis for innovations in the legal system of Iran, including the establishment of special institutions He pointed out that he had over many important powers, including legislating and adopting binding decisions, using jurisprudential rules including expediency, secondary and governmental rulings, justice and fairness. On the other hand, critics of the existence of these institutions, based on some reasons, including parallel work in the legislative process, inadequate religious and legal monitoring of their activities, lack of utilization of popular capacities in the selection of members and their activities, and ... the establishment and expansion of activities Such institutions are in contradiction with the concept of rule of law, which was one of the primary objectives of the establishment of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The present paper assumes that the activities of special legislative bodies, despite having some undeniable benefits and benefits, have led to some weaknesses, such as a lack of relevant laws and regulations, a lack of legal oversight and a mild basis on its application, and of all More importantly, the lack of transparency in relation to competences and legal powers actually has serious challenges with regard to the concept of the rule of law. Key words: rule of law, constitution, special legislator, velayat-e faqih Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

13 - The regularity of the implementation of the rule of Dara in the criminal policy of Islam
mohammad mirzaei mohammad reza rezvan talalab

10.22034/ijrj.2023.708081

legislator explicitly mentioned this rule in articles 120 and 121 of the Islamic Penal Code, and according to the opinion of the famous jurists, it was considered applicable to all crimes. However, on the one hand, the disparity of opinions in the practical application More

legislator explicitly mentioned this rule in articles 120 and 121 of the Islamic Penal Code, and according to the opinion of the famous jurists, it was considered applicable to all crimes. However, on the one hand, the disparity of opinions in the practical application of the rule in the judicial procedure and the lack of differentiation of the limits of this rule in conflict with other jurisprudential principles such as caution and innocence, and on the other hand, its unregulated application, which is apparently in conflict with the fundamental principles of criminal justice, including the certainty and certainty of punishments in The criminal policy of Islam is complicated, it requires checking and explaining the different angles of the rule. The result of the investigation shows that the channel of the Olad rule is in the cases of definite suspicions and a kind of validity in the eyes of the rational people, which causes the punishment to be rejected or converted into easier punishments. Emphasizing that merely proposing or citing an undocumented possibility cannot be accepted. Secondly, the application of the rule in crimes with the aspect of divine right and natural right is different and differentiated, in such a way that the application of the rule will be broad in crimes of divine right and narrow and limited in crimes of natural right. In this regard, articles 120 and 121 of the law consider any type of suspicion or doubt in any crime that does not have the aspect of natural rights (such as war, corruption, robbery, and blasphemy) as a general reason for not proving the crime. If there is no evidence to negate it", the allocation of "irrefutable suspicion" is considered to be the reason for not proving the crime, and Article 211 will also support this opinion Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

14 - Identifying the Determinants of Corruption: An Application of Instrumental Variable Bayesian Model Averaging
Safoora Kashefi Mohsen Mehrara Ghahraman Abdoli

10.30495/eco.2020.674216

AbstractPrevious studies in the corruption literature have introduced numerous variables as the determinants of corruption. This articles aims to evaluate the robustness of potential determinants of corruption by addressing the model uncertainty and endogeneitry. The re More

AbstractPrevious studies in the corruption literature have introduced numerous variables as the determinants of corruption. This articles aims to evaluate the robustness of potential determinants of corruption by addressing the model uncertainty and endogeneitry. The results derived from an instrumental variable Bayesian model averaging analysis indicate that based on the data of 123 countries, rule of law, with a posterior inclusion probability (PIP) of 1 and posterior mean of 0.662 has the most important role in keeping corruption under control among 36 explanatory variables. Government effectiveness, with a PIP of 0.964 and posterior mean of 0.358 is another significant variable in curbing corruption. Also, with a PIP of 0.965 and posterior mean of -0.194 the Asia dummy variable tells that corruption is a serious problem in the Asia region. Further, confining the analysis to 95 developing countries reveals that rule of law with a PIP of 0.999 and posterior mean of 0.684 is the most critical variable in the fight against corruption. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

15 - The Bases of Mirza Yousef Khan Mostashar-ul-Dowleh's Idea of Legalism
Alireza Azghandi Hamed Ameri Golestani

The idea of legalism is one of the important grounds of modernization in Qajar era and in this movement the role of intellectuals of this period is very important. These intellectuals by preaching the idea of legalism prepared the ground for socio-political development. More

The idea of legalism is one of the important grounds of modernization in Qajar era and in this movement the role of intellectuals of this period is very important. These intellectuals by preaching the idea of legalism prepared the ground for socio-political development. Among these intellectuals Mirza Yousef Khan have had a special position. He took great step by writing a booklet named "One Word" which contributed to the principle of "rule of law" in Iran at that time. In the present article the bases of Mirza Yousef Khan's thinking which has been expressed in the introduction of his booklet is discussed. Mirza Yousef Khan by emphasizing the importance of rule of law believes that the progress of the society depends upon the expansion of this concept. While he pays attention to the new Western law and codes and bases his thinking of legalism on those criteria he also attaches enough importance to domestic bases i.e. the Sharia book and lays the foundation of his legal thinking on this ground also. Mirza Yousef Khan's idea of legalism is of great importance since it does not merely follows Western law and he tried to find a suitable foundation for establishing rule of law during Qajar period and in this regard he differs from other thinkers who merely followed Western law. Mirza Yousef Khan tried to create the concept of law by making use of Western law and Sharia law. Thus if one want to understand the concept of legalism during Qajar period one must acquaint oneself with Mirza Yousef Khan's thinking and the bases of his legalism. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

16 - Relationship between the Rule of Law, Good Governance, and Sustainable Development
Tahmineh Rahmani Nader Mirzadeh Koohshahi

Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

17 - Guaranteeing the Implementation of the First Generation of Human Rights in Iran with an Emphasis on the Principle of the Rule of Law
Mohammad Reza Abbasi Hossein Rezaei Hossein Monavari

Challenges and distinctions between human rights and individual freedoms in Iran and international law have been one of the controversial topics in the domestic and international fields in recent years. And the inner belief in the fundamental human rights and the high d More

Challenges and distinctions between human rights and individual freedoms in Iran and international law have been one of the controversial topics in the domestic and international fields in recent years. And the inner belief in the fundamental human rights and the high dignity of man has been raised and paid attention to in the most important global and regional organizations; and therefore, promoting and respecting these privileges, in the field of supporting the preservation of these regulations, despite many obstacles, many of which are summarized in the "sovereignty of governments", has traveled a very difficult path. In this article, we are trying to answer this question by using the descriptive-analytical method: can guaranteeing and legal guarantees for individual freedoms in the first generation of human rights in Iran in the light of the rule of law, can guarantee individual rights? In this regard, we will examine the theories of the declaration of human rights, the legal laws of the first generation of human rights; And we have reached various findings, such as fundamental human freedoms, declarations of the first generation of human rights, human rights and citizenship in Iran, the rule of law in Iran, the rule of law and human freedom, and the executive guarantee of human rights in Iran. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

18 - The Security Council's approach to the rule of law in the field of human rights, with an emphasis on the rights of women and children
Hossein Malekshahi Farid Azadbakht هنگامه gh

10.30495/alr.2022.1950063.2263

Background and Aim: The Security Council is essentially a specific or status-oriented pillar under the Charter, in other words, the member states have asked that pillar to respond to a particular situation or dispute.However, in the aftermath of the Cold War, the Counci More

Background and Aim: The Security Council is essentially a specific or status-oriented pillar under the Charter, in other words, the member states have asked that pillar to respond to a particular situation or dispute.However, in the aftermath of the Cold War, the Council occasionally issued resolutions aimed not at resolving disputes between two or more members or in a situation that endangered international peace and security, but at preventing threats to peace or diplomacy. Peace building is preventive. In fact, these resolutions have a specific audience, such as women and children. Method: The present article tries to explain the mentioned resolutions in a descriptive-analytical way.Findings and Results: Determining that these resolutions do not seek to resolve an issue related to a particular situation, but rather to resolve an issue and problem that is spreading in the international community and its repetition or increase in number can lead to peace and security. Be internationally influential. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

19 - The challenges of monitoring and investigating the deviations of members of Islamic councils from their legal duties with an emphasis on good governance
hasan karimifard

10.30495/alr.2022.1954258.2310

Field and Aims: One of the constant concerns of jurists from the past until now has been to establish an impartial and fair authority to match the actions and decisions of governmental and non-governmental institutions and authorities with the law and apply the rule of More

Field and Aims: One of the constant concerns of jurists from the past until now has been to establish an impartial and fair authority to match the actions and decisions of governmental and non-governmental institutions and authorities with the law and apply the rule of law to the above-mentioned institutions and authorities, so that it can at the same time Monitoring the decision-making process of governmental and non-governmental institutions and authorities to ensure the accuracy and validity of the aforementioned decisions and actions.Method: The present research was carried out using a descriptive-analytical method.Finding and Conclusion: Islamic city and village councils, as a non-governmental public institution, establish actions and decisions in relation to voters that may affect their rights and freedoms. Therefore, there is a possibility of abuse of powers and in other words encroachment on public and national interests by some members or city and village Islamic councils. The Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, in the 155th and 166th Principles, determines the limits of the competences of the aforementioned institution and demands the conformity of the councils' approvals with the standards of Islam and the laws of the country. Finally, it has specified the liquidation in general. The following article aims to examine the performance and duties of the dispute resolution and complaint handling committees of the Islamic councils. The claim of the present research is that strengthening the supervision of members through judicial authorities, resolving legal ambiguities, and preparing and approving the procedure for dealing with violations are important solutions to improve the supervision of the actions and performance of members of Islamic councils. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

20 - Investigating the dimensions and components of the rule of law in inclusive development and its political consequences
ali akbar Nasiri Khalili Ahmad Reza behniafar Ali پورقصاب امیری

The rule of law is one of the most important concepts in the field of public law, especially recognized fundamental rights and has universal value and is even one of the benchmarks for evaluating legal and political systems. So that every political and legal system in t More

The rule of law is one of the most important concepts in the field of public law, especially recognized fundamental rights and has universal value and is even one of the benchmarks for evaluating legal and political systems. So that every political and legal system in the field of the characteristics of the rule of law has been in a position of accountability and evaluation. The aim of this study was to investigate the dimensions and components of the rule of law in inclusive development. In this study, after explaining the concepts of rule of law and inclusive development, the effect of rule of law on inclusive growth and development and the legal, political and economic consequences of rule of law have been discussed. The results of this study indicate that in the first place, the rule of law leads to the establishment of legal order, which is one of the components of social order and political development. also; The existence of the rule of law in a society is a sign of development, and the realization of the rule of law can be a stimulus for achieving inclusive growth and development. Most importantly, the prominent role of the rule of law in the economic, political, social and cultural performance of countries, necessitates studies on the rule of law and inclusive development, given that the rule of law is one of the general principles of law and a component Is the foundation of a democratic society, Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

21 - A Study and Analysis of the Developments of Women's Political and Social Rights in Iran
foziye keshavarz hamid zarabi korush ostovarsangari babak baseri

10.30495/psq.2021.685147

Women's rights are more in the spotlight today than ever before in human societies and political and social institutions, which, if not addressed, will create many problems in societies, regardless of the damage to women's physical and mental health. They make up half o More

Women's rights are more in the spotlight today than ever before in human societies and political and social institutions, which, if not addressed, will create many problems in societies, regardless of the damage to women's physical and mental health. They make up half of the world's population. The oppression and injustice that has historically been imposed on women's society has led international and domestic legislators to enact laws and regulations to prevent such oppression and to protect women's rights in all areas; Iran is no exception to this rule. In Iran, with the Constitutional Revolution in 1304 AH, the first constitution was written and despite the efforts of women in the emergence of this movement, the first constitution and its amendment did not mention women, but later ordinary laws were passed on women. They laid down. With the victory of the Islamic Revolution in 1978, the constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran paid more attention to women's rights and the family was considered a fundamental and sacred institution, and the Islamic Consultative Assembly passed more and more laws on women's political and social rights. We are also witnessing positive changes in Iranian laws regarding women; In this article, with the method of descriptive-analytical research, an attempt has been made to express the changes in the legislation of Iran regarding women, from Qajar to the present day. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

22 - The evolution of the rule of law from the perspective of Thomas Hobbes and Jean-Jacques Rousseau
payam ghanizadeh

10.30495/psq.2021.684522

In the new age, there are two views on the rule of law, which is one of the most fundamental principles of modern governance; Hobbesian approach to the rule of law and the Russian approach, in which both approaches share the idea of a social contract. Hobbes considere More

In the new age, there are two views on the rule of law, which is one of the most fundamental principles of modern governance; Hobbesian approach to the rule of law and the Russian approach, in which both approaches share the idea of a social contract. Hobbes considered the ruler of the pyramid of society, the ruler, to be the basis of law, and intended unlimited power for the governing body, which was given to him by the first agreement between the people and the ruler. There is no power. In another plan of the rule of law, which derives from Rousseau's philosophical point of view, the public will is the source of law and in a higher position than the ruler. This idea became the basis for extensive changes in the relationship between government and citizens in the new era, which was reflected in the French Revolution. During the 19th and 20th centuries, with all the changes that took place in legal discourse, the importance of this Russian view of the rule of law as the basis for real democracy rather than formal democracy increased. Therefore, in this article, we have tried to compare these two approaches to the rule of law and show the innovative aspects of Rousseau's social contract. This descriptive-analytical research is an introduction to the broader and deeper research in the political thought of these two prominent theorists in the modern world, with an emphasis on the evolution of the concept and basis of the rule of law in the new era. Manuscript profile

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23 - Good governance and discourse governing the executive branch in Iran
naser enayat masoud motallebi

"Good governance" is one of the indicators used during economic development. An index presented by the World Bank and in recent years has attracted the attention of many economic analysts and even political economists in Iran. An index that has 6 components t More

"Good governance" is one of the indicators used during economic development. An index presented by the World Bank and in recent years has attracted the attention of many economic analysts and even political economists in Iran. An index that has 6 components to measure, including: the rule of law, political stability, corruption control, the effectiveness of government effectiveness, the right to comment and answer, and the quality of laws and regulations. But different governments seek to realize and implement these components under the influence of their ruling discourse. Therefore, measuring good governance as an important component in measuring the performance of governments, which has received attention in recent years in Iran, is to understand the internal discourse of governments. In this research, we seek to examine the discourse of the two governments of Ahmadinejad and Rouhani and the impact of these discourses on good governance on the executive branch in Iran. Manuscript profile

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