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Open Access Article
1 - Landslide susceptibility mapping using advanced machine learning algorithms (Case study: Sarovabad city, Kurdistan province)
Baharak Motamedvaziri Hemen Rastkhadiv Seyed Akbar Javadi Hasan AhmadiThe occurrence of landslides in mountainous areas may cause serious damage to road infrastructure, and may also lead to human deaths. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to landslide susceptibility mapping using advanced machine learning algorithms in Sarovabad city MoreThe occurrence of landslides in mountainous areas may cause serious damage to road infrastructure, and may also lead to human deaths. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to landslide susceptibility mapping using advanced machine learning algorithms in Sarovabad city. In this study, landslide susceptibility was determined using two advanced data mining algorithms including random forest (RF) and decision tree (DT). First, the point file of 166 landslides occurred in Sarovabad city was considered as the landslide inventory map. The landslide points are divided into training data (70%) and validation data (30%). A total of 16 parameters including slope, aspect, elevation, river proximity, road proximity, river density, fault proximity, fault density, road density, precipitation, land use, NDVI, lithology, earthquake, stream power index (SPI) and topographic wetness index (TWI) were used in order to landslide susceptibility mapping. Finally, the performance of the models was evaluated using the ROC curve. The results of the ROC showed that the decision tree and random forest models have AUC values of 0.942 and 0.951, respectively. Therefore, the random forest model has the highest AUC value compared to the decision tree and was the best model for predicting the risk of landslides in the future in the study area. Landslide potential maps are efficient tools; so that they can be used for environmental management, land use planning and infrastructure development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Explaining the Causes of Underdevelopment in Kurdistan Province- Using Qualitative Method
soma mardokhi iraj saiearasiDevelopment is a dynamic, continuous and multi-dimensional concept and is accompanied by the general structure of the society and the necessity of usual transformation existing in that structure. Organizing the elements of the mentioned structure has so much importance MoreDevelopment is a dynamic, continuous and multi-dimensional concept and is accompanied by the general structure of the society and the necessity of usual transformation existing in that structure. Organizing the elements of the mentioned structure has so much importance that development finds its meaning in balance and coordination of different elements of the society. Kurdistan is one of the Undeveloped provinces that have always been struggling with the issues arose from its underdevelopment and unbalanced elements of the society. Therefore, the main goal of this research is recognition of causes of this province’s underdevelopment using a sociological approach. In this regard, social interpretive approach by applying the grounded theory method and deep interviewing has been used to identify the causes. The results of this study include six main categories: economic, political, technological, social, cultural and ecological barriers. The core category of this study is uneven development that covers other categories. The data analysis results of the present research and the grounded model indicate that Kurdish people interpret the causes of underdevelopment as an inconsistent and uneven development that these irregular elements in their composition create unfair social relations and harms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Drought of Kurdistan province and their impact on the relative performance of rain fed wheat
علی حنفی حجت الله پاشاپورIn order to assess the drought situation in Kurdistan and its effect on performance of rain fed wheat, We have received monthly precipitation data for 10 meteorological stations from Meteorology organization and also data about the cultivation, production and performanc MoreIn order to assess the drought situation in Kurdistan and its effect on performance of rain fed wheat, We have received monthly precipitation data for 10 meteorological stations from Meteorology organization and also data about the cultivation, production and performance of rain fed wheat from Agricultural Organization during (1982-2010) period. In order to analyze the drought was used Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and percent of normal precipitation (PNPI) Index. The results showed that the normal precipitation (PNPI) Index, the most droughts with 8 cases in Bane station and the lowest number of droughts that occurred in Bijar station with 5 cases. Also that The Standardized Precipitation Index, the most droughts occurred in Marivan station with 10 cases and the lowest number of droughts occurred in Bijar station with 7 cases. In order to analysis the effects of meteorological drought on agriculture, we have used the relative performance of rain fed wheat index. Also the results show the correlation between rainfall and performance of rain fed wheat is direct and significant and the standardized precipitation index has same direction trend with standardization of the relative performance of rain fed wheat index. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Ranking of industrial development in Kurdistan province
رحیم سرور محمدعلی خلیجیIntroduction and Objective: Balanced regional development is the basis for sustainable development in different aspects of system resources, particularly the industrial capacities, plays an important role in regional development and one of the main objectives of balance MoreIntroduction and Objective: Balanced regional development is the basis for sustainable development in different aspects of system resources, particularly the industrial capacities, plays an important role in regional development and one of the main objectives of balanced development and deployment of the system of organizing, planning Technology national level to regional level is the space that has been emphasized in all five-year development plans. The main aim of present study is to examine regional development level of Kurdistan, including nine cities, and industrial facility distribution in the area. Methods: literature reviewing, selection of appropriate indicators, statistical methods and Multi-criteria decision making techniques, industrial and regional development of the named cities in 1390 was prioritized Results: The results show that in industrial ranking Sanandaj and Bijar are first and second, respectively, Saghez and Kamyaran ranked last. Conclusion: The results show that the rank of divided city that there is tremendous variation in the level of industrial development of these cities so that 8 of Sanandaj city in the region, the majority of the low level of industrial development are in the city. In addition to the industrial city of Sanandaj and Bijar city the rest of the city and the development of low Z more than it have. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Investigating the Effect of Changes in Frequency and Intensity of Daily Rainfall on its Annual and Seasonal Trends in Kurdistan province
Arash Ranjbar Niazali Ebrahimipak Arash TaftehBackground and purpose: Most of the studies that have been conducted in order to investigate the pattern of temporal and spatial changes of rainfall in rainfed areas have finally resulted in determining the trend of total annual, seasonal, and monthly rainfall in the ta MoreBackground and purpose: Most of the studies that have been conducted in order to investigate the pattern of temporal and spatial changes of rainfall in rainfed areas have finally resulted in determining the trend of total annual, seasonal, and monthly rainfall in the target areas. However, changes in the frequency and intensity of rainfall are among the important parameters that have a great impact on the trend of rainfall and the planning of rainfed areas. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of changes in the frequency and intensity of daily rainfall on the trend of annual and seasonal rainfall in Kurdistan province.Research method: For this purpose, the rainfall data of 30 years (1988 to 2017) of four synoptic stations of Sanandaj, Bijar, Qorveh, and Saqez, located in Kurdistan province, were used. After the data homogeneity test, the trend of changes in time series of frequency and amount of rainfall was calculated through the non-parametric Mann-Kendall test and Sen's slope estimator.Findings: The obtained results indicated a decreasing trend between 25 and 31% of total annual rainfall compared to the average of the studied period in four stations and this decrease was related to spring, summer, and winter seasons in most cases. The rainfall trend did not change significantly in the autumn season. Even though the trend of the rainy days in Sanandaj and Qorveh stations had a significant increase of 0.54 and 0.63 days per year, respectively, the results showed that this increase was related to spring rains which have had less intensity than five millimeters per day and cannot be very effective in providing water requirement. The noteworthy point was that the intensity of rainfall has decreased in all stations which is the main reason for the more than 40% decrease in the amount of rainfall during the spring and winter seasons of Sanandaj, Qorveh, and Saqez stations.Results: In general, increasing the frequency of low-intensity rains and decreasing the intensity of rains in rainfed areas can be a serious threat to reducing yield. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the changes in the frequency and intensity of rainfall, along with its values, in order to determine the distribution pattern of annual and seasonal rainfall in rainfed areas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Analysis of wind energy potential to set up wind power plants in Kurdistan province using the Wiebull distribution model
Motalleb Byzedi Bahram Gholizadeh Mohammad Adib AbbasiBackground and Objective: Wind energy is an important energy source on earth that can be converted to electricity. The wind energy compared to fossil fuels is widely used because of its availability, stability, reducing air pollution and for economic reasons. The aim of MoreBackground and Objective: Wind energy is an important energy source on earth that can be converted to electricity. The wind energy compared to fossil fuels is widely used because of its availability, stability, reducing air pollution and for economic reasons. The aim of this study is to analysize wind energy potential using the Wiebull distribution and the data recorded in synoptic and climatologically stations. The Windographer software is used for calculations. Method: In this study, hourly wind speed and direction data for 2005 to 2007 in 7 stations (6 synoptic and 1 climatology stations) were investigated and Wiebull distribution function fitted to data. Then, corresponding plots including wind rose, wind speed, and wind power curve were provided, and finally wind energy density was estimated. Moreover, the zoning map of wind potential density (WPD) for the study area was drawn. Conclusion: Wind power density was 745 watts per square meter at Hzarkanian station on 50meters height from ground surface, which has been placed in category 6 of American Atlas Table for wind energy. Such region is considered to be windy and wind park. Bijar station in the east of Kurdistan and Zarineh station in the north of Kurdistan, with 301 and 200 watt per square meters wind power density, respectively, ranked in the next place. Other stations had low mean wind speed and power energy lower than 200 watt per square meters. Based on international standards, such places are considered as regions with low wind and inappropriate for installation of wind turbines to extract electricity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Effects of Rangeland Landuse Changing into Dryland from Herbal Species Diversity Viewpoint (Case Study: Rangelands in Dehgolan City, Kurdistan)
Hamid Rahmani Younes Asri Mehdi Ramezani Nematallah Khorasani Hosein MaroofiBackground and Objective: The natural rangeland changing into dryland is one of the important agents for destruction of rangelands in Iran. The destruction and landuse conversion can impress various constituents of rangeland ecosystems. This research mainly attempts to MoreBackground and Objective: The natural rangeland changing into dryland is one of the important agents for destruction of rangelands in Iran. The destruction and landuse conversion can impress various constituents of rangeland ecosystems. This research mainly attempts to investigate the vegetation transitions in species diversity in the years following destruction. Method: The natural rangelands (key area) and the converted adjacent lands into drylands (critical area) were selected for sampling by using random-systematic plan in Dehgolan of Kurdistan Province. Three transects along a slope with 100 m length for each and 50 m distance between them were set at two herbal mentioned areas. Based on minimal area method, five quadrats of one square meter area were set along each transect. The species list with their self-relative frequency was registered in quadrats. The species evenness based on four numerical indices including Simpson's evenness, Camargo, Smith-Wilson and Modified Nee, the species richness according to two indices including Jackknife estimate and Rarefraction method and the species diversity by four indices including Shannon-Wiener, Brillouin, McIntosh and Simpson were analyzed and compared together. Results: 26 herbal species at the natural rangeland and 18 species at the land converted into dryland were gathered. The results obtained from data analysis showed that species diversity and richnessof plants have had degradation and species evenness has dad enhancement at the land converted into dryland. However, statistical T-Test did not show a significant difference between the two mentioned fields. Generally, it was concluded that rangeland changing into dryland reduced the species diversity of range plants and its statistical non-significance was of multiple reasons. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Faunistic study of the superfamily Psylloidea (Hemiptera)
M. Ezzati A. Mehrvar Z. AhmadiIn order to study the Psylloidea fauna of Kurdistan province, Iran, the specimens were collected from different regions of the province during 2012 and 2013. Totally 19 species of 7 genera and 4 subfamilies were identified belonging to Aphalaridae (1 species), Liviidae MoreIn order to study the Psylloidea fauna of Kurdistan province, Iran, the specimens were collected from different regions of the province during 2012 and 2013. Totally 19 species of 7 genera and 4 subfamilies were identified belonging to Aphalaridae (1 species), Liviidae (6 species), Psyllidae (7 species) and Triozidae (5 species) families. Of these, one species, Camarotoscena trjapitzini Loginova, 1968, is a new record for Iranian fauna and 17 species are new for the province. By considering the results of this research, the number of identified Psyllid species from Iran increases to 96 from 27 genera and 5 families. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Application of Goal Programming to Determination of Optimum Cropping Pattern Emphasizing on Virtual Water in Kurdistan Province
mostafa baghbanyan Hamed Ghaderzadeh Ghodratollah Emamverdi Marjan Damankeshideh Narciss Amin Rashti,Nowadays, production of economic production is one of the most important of policymaker’s tensions. Address to this. It is necessary to merge the farmer’s aims along policy makers as well as their necessities. Therefore, the current study attempted to invest MoreNowadays, production of economic production is one of the most important of policymaker’s tensions. Address to this. It is necessary to merge the farmer’s aims along policy makers as well as their necessities. Therefore, the current study attempted to investigate on optimum cropping pattern of agricultural crops in Kurdistan province respect to each county emphasizing on minimize virtual water. To follow research aim the necessary data were collected for the agricultural year 2015-6 using goal programming. The results showed that, the current cropping pattern does not has no comparative advantage and it has to experience significant change. In other words, the current cropping pattern willing must to change from mixed form to specialized one according to comparative advantage according to resource possibilities of each district. The range of change showed that, there are significant decrease and increase in some crops compare to current situation. The results showed that, irrigated wheat did not get permission to enter optimum model. In addition, the most of current crop due to low return as well as disadvantage of study area omitted in recommended pattern. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - A Comprehensive Performance Evaluation of the Customs Department Using the Balanced Scorecard (Case Study: West Azerbaijan, Kermanshah and Kurdistan Provinces)
Mohammad NazaripourThe current paper aimed at utilizing the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) framework in evaluating the Customs Department in West Azerbaijan, Kermanshah and Kurdistan provinces of Iran. The BSC evaluates organization in terms of financial performance, customer satisfaction, inte MoreThe current paper aimed at utilizing the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) framework in evaluating the Customs Department in West Azerbaijan, Kermanshah and Kurdistan provinces of Iran. The BSC evaluates organization in terms of financial performance, customer satisfaction, internal process, and growth and organization learning. Financial performance was measured by examining revenues, expenditures, and the ratio of customs revenues to total local revenues for the period (2007-2011). Regarding the customer perspective, a random sample of (384) customers of clearance customs was selected. The customers were asked to fill out a survey that measured their level of satisfaction about the Customs Department in regards to providing services and procedures. In addition, a random sample consisted of (280) of the employees of Customs Department in these provinces was chosen to fill out the survey regarding their assessment of the internal process and growth and organization learning perspectives of the BSC. The findings reported that the financial performance of Customs Department was negative for the whole study period (2007-2011) in terms of the number of Rials collected, revenues minus expenditures, and customs revenues as a share of total local revenues. Clearance customs customers reported a suitable satisfaction level toward the customs services and procedures. Analysis showed that customs employees had a suitable level of satisfaction toward both internal process and growth and organization learning of the BSC’s dimensions. The analysis revealed that West Azerbaijan province was better than Kermanshah and Kurdistan provinces in all perspectives of BSC. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Examining the challenges facing the citizen sports of Kurdistan province and presenting the promotion model
mehdi ezati Yusuf Jalali Navid MahtabThe purpose of this study was to examine the challenges facing the citizen sports of Kurdistan province and to present a promotion model. The current research was qualitative and of thematic analysis type. The statistical community of this research was made up of expert MoreThe purpose of this study was to examine the challenges facing the citizen sports of Kurdistan province and to present a promotion model. The current research was qualitative and of thematic analysis type. The statistical community of this research was made up of experts. Purposive sampling method was used for sampling and 17 experts were interviewed based on theoretical saturation. The findings of this study showed: the challenges of advancing citizen sports in Kurdistan province are the focus of a network of themes that include 3 overarching themes and 9 organizing themes (1) contextual challenges (undesirability of sports infrastructure, economic problems prevailing in the society, environmental threats), (2) structural challenges (non-integrated management of citizen sports, weak management and policy-making, weak index and codified statistical system, inappropriate urban governance) and (3) behavioral challenges (dominance of political views on sports, change in citizens' lifestyles). Also, the promotion of citizen sports in Kurdistan province is the center of a thematic network that includes 3 comprehensive themes and 8 organizing themes (1) contextual support (efficient and targeted incentives, increasing the quality and quantity of the province's sports infrastructure), (2) structural support (financial support, health-oriented : The focus of urban design is integration and unity of approach in citizenship sports and the establishment of a modern and codified statistical system) and (3) behavioral support (development of the general culture of sports and awareness of society and attention to citizenship sports in urban management) Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Analysis of effective mechanisms on the development of entrepreneurship among rural women in Kurdistan province
solieman rasouliazar Arman Kaykhosravi Loghman RashiedpourThe present research was conducted in order to analyze and identify effective mechanisms on the development of entrepreneurship among rural women in Kurdistan province. The nature of this applied research was done by survey method. The research tool was a questionnaire MoreThe present research was conducted in order to analyze and identify effective mechanisms on the development of entrepreneurship among rural women in Kurdistan province. The nature of this applied research was done by survey method. The research tool was a questionnaire made by the researcher, whose reliability was obtained by using the pilot test and calculating Cronbach's alpha. The statistical population of the research was 27,560 rural women of Kurdistan province, and using the Cochran formula, the sample size was determined to be 204. The sample people were selected by stratified random method. The results show that there is a positive and significant relationship between the individual-psychological, economic, socio-cultural, educational, infrastructural and marketing structure with the advantages of entrepreneurship development among the rural women of Kurdistan province. Multiple regression analysis was used to predict changes in the dependent variable, i.e., the advantages of entrepreneurship development among rural women in Kurdistan province, by independent variables, i.e., managerial, social, cultural, educational, economic, infrastructural, individual, psychological, and marketing structures. The multiple correlation coefficients in this research is equal to 0.781. According to the calculated coefficient of determination, the aforementioned constructs were able to determine 61% of changes in the dependent variable, i.e., the advantages of entrepreneurship development among rural women in Kurdistan province. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Tepe Sarghal’eh: the Evidence of Uruk Pottery in Kurdistan Province and its Relation with Routes of Iran to Mesopotamia
Amir Saed Mucheshi Ali Azarshab Zahra GhaffariIn the present paper, Tepe Sarghal’eh and its surface fingings have been studied. This survey coincided with excavation of one of the sites in the region. The site had previously been identified. In this review we have tried to gather complete data. The discovered MoreIn the present paper, Tepe Sarghal’eh and its surface fingings have been studied. This survey coincided with excavation of one of the sites in the region. The site had previously been identified. In this review we have tried to gather complete data. The discovered potsherds show this mound just belongs to late Chalcolithic period and Il-Khanid (Mongol) dynasty. What makes this mound a remarkable one is the existence of first Uruk pottery samples in Kurdistan province. In other words, finding such potsherds in Sarghal’eh Tepe indicates the importance of this site – as it is located on the route to Mesopotamia – and the influence of Mesopotamia on this area, selecting appropriate places as well as the site size. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Rock Art in the Northeast of Qorveh, Kurdistan Province
Jamal Lahafian Ali BehniaSome rock art sites have been discovered in southeastern Kurdistan and northeastern Qorveh city on the foothill of young volcanic mountains (Siah and Gharineh). Some of its rock art manifestations contain important elements that in terms of work style and morphology are MoreSome rock art sites have been discovered in southeastern Kurdistan and northeastern Qorveh city on the foothill of young volcanic mountains (Siah and Gharineh). Some of its rock art manifestations contain important elements that in terms of work style and morphology are comparable to the petroglyphs of different regions of Iran and other areas of Kurdistan. Some of these carvings have been made in several different periods by overlapping on the boulders. Qorveh motifs include cupules in different styles, linear, single, and group, human motifs in various combinations and modes, including various scenes such as hunting with a bow and arrow, horseman in a hunting mode, group dancing and other various modes, and animal motifs comprising antelope, ram, ewe, deer, gazelle, boar, camel, snake, feliformia and also other animal-like and human-like which have been displayed in graphic and abstract forms as well as geometric shapes and symbols. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Evaluation of heavy metals concentration in strawberry (Case study: Agricultural lands of Sanandaj)
مهرداد Cheraghi ندا Ariaeinejad بهاره LorestaniContaminants are damaging factors of the ecosystems. Amongst, heavy metals are due to their toxicity, persistence and bio-accumulation are of great concern even in low concentrations. Kurdistan province with an annual production of 30,000 tons of strawberry produces 88 MoreContaminants are damaging factors of the ecosystems. Amongst, heavy metals are due to their toxicity, persistence and bio-accumulation are of great concern even in low concentrations. Kurdistan province with an annual production of 30,000 tons of strawberry produces 88 percent of the strawberry in Iran. In this study, 25 samples were obtained randomly from soil (depth of 0-30 cm), leaf and strawberry crop of all five existing farms located on the road of Sanandaj to Kamyaran. The samples were transported to laboratory and acid digestion was performed on the samples. Afterwards, the quantity of cadmium, arsenic, lead, zinc and copper were measured using atomic emission device. The results revealed that metal concentrations of cadmium, zinc and copper (0.01, 6.03, 13.67 mg/kg, respectively) were lower than the standards of FAO/WHO. Meanwhile the concentrations of heavy metals of arsenic and lead (36.88, 3.57 mg/kg, respectively) were higher than the defined standards (with 95% confidence level). It seems that the overuse of chemical fertilizers and pesticides is the main cause of heavy metal contaminations in the strawberry farms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Study of serum heat shock protein-27, adenosine deaminase, homocysteine and lipid profiles in bovine leptospirosis in Kurdistan province
kave azimzade The aim of this study was to investigate changes of serum parameters such as adenosine deaminase (ADA), heat shock protein-27 (HSP-27), homocysteine (Hcy) and lipid profiles (LDL,HDL,VLDL and Triglyceride) in bovine leptospirosis. After diagnosis of acute l More The aim of this study was to investigate changes of serum parameters such as adenosine deaminase (ADA), heat shock protein-27 (HSP-27), homocysteine (Hcy) and lipid profiles (LDL,HDL,VLDL and Triglyceride) in bovine leptospirosis. After diagnosis of acute leptospirosis in cattle, blood samples were collected from 12 cases of bovine leptospirosis and 12 healthy samples via jugular vein and all parameters along with zinc (Zn2+) were measured. The results denoted a significant increase in Hcy, HSP-27, TG, VLDL, along with a significant decrease in HDL-C, ADA, LDL-C and zinc (Zn2+) in patients compared to healthy ones (p≤0.01). Based on the results, the listed parameters may be used in the management of bovine leptospirosis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Detecting the Impacts of Teleconnection Patterns on Kurdistan Province Temperature
Mohammad Darand Hayedeh RahmaniDaily mean data connected to temperature of 11 synoptic stations and 15 climate stations in and out of Kurdistan province from 21/3/1961 to 19/1/2011 were used for doing this research. The temperature was interpolated on 6×6 km pixels by using Kriging spatial stat MoreDaily mean data connected to temperature of 11 synoptic stations and 15 climate stations in and out of Kurdistan province from 21/3/1961 to 19/1/2011 were used for doing this research. The temperature was interpolated on 6×6 km pixels by using Kriging spatial statistic for each day. One matrix with dimension of 18203×811 was created that time (days) was located on the rows and place or pixels in Kurdistan province boundary on the columns. The mean of monthly temperature was calculated separately for each pixel during different years. The monthly data of ten teleconnection patterns was extracted from NCEP/NCAR centre. The linear regression was used to detect the correlation between temperature and teleconnection patterns. The temperature correlation of each pixel with teleconnection patterns was tested in 95% confidence level. The results showed that the correlation between temperature of Kurdistan province and teleconnection patterns in 95% confidence level was significant during most months of the year. The extent of significant correlation was extreme in winter and autumn. In semi warm season the extent of significant correlation decreased. Among teleconnection patterns, the index of Caspian Sea (NCP) in 500 hectopascal levels and fluctuation of north Atlantic (NAO) in sea level pressure had noticeable influence on temperature of Kurdistan province in autumn and winter seasons. The correlation between mentioned indexes and temperature of province is negative. The positive anomaly of 500 Geopotential height level over Europe and negative anomaly on the western part of country, Caspian Sea and Turkey resulted in temperature reduction in Kurdistan Province. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Numerical Analysis for Tectonic Activity and Landslide Stability Evaluation in Baneh, Kurdistan, Iran
Semko Arefpanah Alireza Sharafi -
Open Access Article
19 - A Comparative Study of Public Libraries of Kurdestan Province with IFLA Standards
Safura Mirkay Ali Akbar Famil Rohani Famil Rohani Mozafar Cheshme SohrabiPurpose: It is a comparative investigation of Kurdistan public libraries with IFLA standards. The findings of this paper can assist library officials and managers to identify information and knowledge demands of public library users. It can also provide resources throug MorePurpose: It is a comparative investigation of Kurdistan public libraries with IFLA standards. The findings of this paper can assist library officials and managers to identify information and knowledge demands of public library users. It can also provide resources through identification of public libraries' weak points and shortages that can help libraries' management for future planning. Methodology: A descriptive approach was considered and all the data were collected through questionnaires, observation and telephone interview with library officials. Findings: Results derived from data analysis in this paper indicated failure in different aspects of public libraries of Kurdistan cities such as physical space and building, library complexes and the number of visitors. Public libraries of Kurdistan cities are below the level of IFLA standards in terms of specialized man power. As mentioned earlier, general results of this research showed that public libraries in Kurdistan are below the level of IFLA standards. For that reason we have provided some proposals for improvements of these libraries. Conclusion: Development and promotion of knowledge and mental aptitude of society is the core objective of public libraries as social and cultural institutions. To gain this objectives development of libraries and free of charge services are of high importance. For this cause not only quantitative development is required but qualitative improvement criteria must be considered. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Development of Strategic Planning for Export Production Development Using SWOT and QSPM Model (Case Study: Kurdistan Province)
omar mahmoudi hiva rahiminia kawan mahmoudiThe main objective of this paper is to develop strategies for developing export production in Kurdistan province. Therefore, from three different statistical samples of exporting producers, experts and exporters, semi-structured interviews were conducted to identify the MoreThe main objective of this paper is to develop strategies for developing export production in Kurdistan province. Therefore, from three different statistical samples of exporting producers, experts and exporters, semi-structured interviews were conducted to identify the opportunities, threats, strengths and weaknesses of export production in Kurdistan province. Then, using the SWOT model and the QSPM tool, and examined the status of the province and prioritized strategies. The findings of this research on the divergence of views of various statistical samples and the need to consider the combined strategies of development of export production in Kurdistan province. In addition, the most threatened exports of this province are political issues, economic fluctuations and financial-administrative problems. Among other considerations are the importance of the natural opportunities of export production in Kurdistan province, which the government does not play in their creation, and the importance factor of the social capital of the province as strengths. And perhaps the most important result of this research is the quantum interconnection of the factors affecting the production of exports in Kurdistan province and the need to change structures in creating productive incentives. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Reviews and ratings Iranian provinces using the Human Development Index (Emphasis on Kurdistan)
soma mardokhi iraj saiearasiThe purpose of development is to nurture human’s abilities. In order to achieve development, Increase of revenue is a tool not an end. On the other hand, having a long healthy and innovative life is the ultimate goal. The best way to advance the stable development MoreThe purpose of development is to nurture human’s abilities. In order to achieve development, Increase of revenue is a tool not an end. On the other hand, having a long healthy and innovative life is the ultimate goal. The best way to advance the stable development is to use human development. The main purpose of conducting this analytic- descriptive research is to determine the ranking order of the provinces of Iran, especially Kurdistan, in the years of 1385 and 1390. In order to eliminate the differentiation of scaling among the used criteria, using the technique of indices have been proposed. Results show that although our country has had minor improvements in the development of human resources goals, but the results of year 1390 shows that there is not a significant change in the ranking order of the undeveloped provinces compared to five years earlier. Combinatory index of human development shows that in Kurdistan province, human development is in an inappropriate condition so that Kurdistan was placed 29th and 30th in the ranking table in years of 1385 and 1390 respectively. We can conclude that the ranking order during these years has not had significant progress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Prevalence of cryptosporidiosis in ruminants in Kurdistan province, Iran
siyamak kakekhani milad moradiCryptosporidium is a protozoan parasite that can cause mainly gastrointestinal diseases in humans and animals. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Cryptosporidium in ruminants in Kurdistan province.The present study was applied and random For this MoreCryptosporidium is a protozoan parasite that can cause mainly gastrointestinal diseases in humans and animals. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Cryptosporidium in ruminants in Kurdistan province.The present study was applied and random For this purpose, a total of 239 fecal samples from 75 sheep, 43 goats and 121 cows At different ages of less than 1 year, 1 to 3 years and 3 years and older in both sexes, for staining and observation of oocysts. To examine the presence of parasites, all samples were stained by Zill Nielsen method and examined microscopically. After analyzing the collected data, the findings showed that the prevalence of cryptosporidiosis in ruminants in Kurdistan province is 15.06% of the tested samples. Also, the prevalence of cryptosporidiosis in Kurdistan province did not show a significant difference compared to age, sex and geographical extent..(P < 0/05)The results show that the prevalence of cryptosporidiosis in ruminants in Kurdistan province is consistent with other studies in this regard. To reduce this prevalence, anti-parasitic health and prevention programs can be used. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - The impact of public policy in terms of general welfare on social-political development Case Study of Kurdistan Province
Seyyed Rahmat Ollah Barzanjeh Atry Malek taj KhosraviFrom a public welfare perspective, public policy is the concept of studying and reviewing the social and welfare services of the state. These services are non-political and mainly include housing, social security, social work, and education. The main goal of social pol MoreFrom a public welfare perspective, public policy is the concept of studying and reviewing the social and welfare services of the state. These services are non-political and mainly include housing, social security, social work, and education. The main goal of social policy is to reduce inequality and improve human well-being, including health, nutrition, employment, and other public services. With this definition, the present paper addresses the impact of public policy in terms of general welfare on the social policies of the Iranian government, with emphasis on the presidency of Hassan Rouhani. This research is applied research whose task is not scientific discovery and its main objective is to test and investigate the possibility of using existing knowledge in order to be able to solve specific policy issues from the perspective of general welfare and to assist agents to carry out their duties. The results of this study, which were conducted using the Delphi method, show that Kendall's agreement coefficient is higher than 0.4 and considering the lower level of significance level from 0.05, it can be said that Kendall's consensus coefficient is significant and At 95% confidence level, the consensus among experts has existed. The closer the Kendall agreement is to one closer, the more consensus among the experts will be. Manuscript profile
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