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Open Access Article
1 - Evaluation of land-use change and its effect on flood hydrograph in Amameh watershed, Tehran Province
Maral Pezeshki Baharak Motamedvaziri Hasan AhmadiChanges in the land-use pattern has affected hydrological processes in the watersheds and disrupted the natural balance of water flow. In the present study, changes in hydrological components of Amameh watershed as a result of land-use changes from1988 - 2013 were studi MoreChanges in the land-use pattern has affected hydrological processes in the watersheds and disrupted the natural balance of water flow. In the present study, changes in hydrological components of Amameh watershed as a result of land-use changes from1988 - 2013 were studied. Due to lack of the land-use map in past years, the land-use map was prepared and analyzed by Landsat TM satellite images in the ERDAS Imagine software in 1988. Furthermore, the available ‎information were used to provide land-use map ‎in 2013. Land-use maps of 1988 - 2013 were prepared using ArcGIS software. In existing maps, six land-use classes; class 1, 2, and 3 rangelands, agricultural and ‎garden, arid land, and river-bed were designed. ‎ The results showed that Amameh watershed was affected by severe changes in the land-use‎ during the study period, so that the class 1 rangelands‎ to class 2, class 2 to class 3, and even arid‎ land were changed. In addition, the residential areas (villa) were increased from 2.5% in 1988 to 8.4 in 2013. The HEC-HMS model was used to investigate the effect of land-use changes on the hydrological flood hydrograph of Amameh watershed‎. The results of hydrograph study of 1988 and 2013 showed the volume increase of runoff and peak discharge rates during the 25-year period, and also the watershed runoff coefficient was increased from 0.82 to 0.89. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Investigation of performance Indexes and the rule of mitigation reservoir on flood control (case study: Jafarabad watershed in Golestan province)
KAMI KABOOSI REZA JELINIIn order to investigation of detention reservoirs on flood in Jafar Abad basin, Golestan province, Iran, the precipitation- run off process as well as reservoir routing were simulated by HEC-HMS Software. The model was run under four different scenarios (without reservo MoreIn order to investigation of detention reservoirs on flood in Jafar Abad basin, Golestan province, Iran, the precipitation- run off process as well as reservoir routing were simulated by HEC-HMS Software. The model was run under four different scenarios (without reservoir and with reservoir: empty, half-full, and full) and for different return periods of 2 up to 100 years. The statistical analysis of the results was done based on one-way analysis of variance. To study the effect of reservoirs, two indices including the Flood Attenuation Rate (FAR) and Storage Ratio (SR) were used. The results indicated that construction of detention reservoirs leads to postponing the incidence of the peak discharge and decreased peak discharge along with the volume of the flood leaving the reservoir, but these decreasions were not significant. The influence of the reservoir diminished with the prolongation of the return period. The maximum level of flood volume reduction for the empty, half-full, and full reservoirs was 61.1, 33.2, and 0.8%, respectively and for the peak discharge was 63.9, 32.8, and 6.6%, respectively. The maximum value of FAR for the reservoirs under empty, half-full, and full conditions were 26, 19, and 7%, respectively. Similarly, the maximum SR for the empty and half-full reservoirs was 14 and 5, respectively that showing the efficiency of reservoirs in flood control. The results demonstrated that the efficiency of reservoirs in flood control is not merely dependent on the reservoir volume and the amount of flood. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Verification of Water Infiltration in the Soil in the Flood Occurrence Model Using SCS Probability Distribution Equations and HEC-HMS Model
Sohrab Alizadeh Alireza Zamani Nouri Babak AminnejadBackground and Aim: One of the biggest challenges of the rainfall-runoff model is to accurately determine the rate of water infiltration into the soil as one of the parameters that determine the size and shape of the hydrographs of historical floods. The studies conduct MoreBackground and Aim: One of the biggest challenges of the rainfall-runoff model is to accurately determine the rate of water infiltration into the soil as one of the parameters that determine the size and shape of the hydrographs of historical floods. The studies conducted in different climates that show different morphometry of the earth indicate the weakness of widely used methods such as SCS-CN in determining the rate of water infiltration into the soil. For the SCS-CN method, as the soil storage index approaches infinity, the soil moisture ratio approaches 1, and this is due to the limitation of the SCS-CN method. In this research, focusing on this weakness in the basic relationships of loss calculations, and an integrated approach in determining the infiltration of water into the soil, the magnitude of the historical floods in the watershed was analyzed. The importance of this analysis can be in verifying the magnitude of floods, which is the criterion for determining structures or crisis control programs.Method: Considering that in order to solve the problem of infiltration calculations at the basin scale, and based on the new equations to determine flow losses, a homogeneous but raster criterion is needed, in this research, based on the sensitivity of the produced flow to the amount of losses in the probabilistic investigation of the index humidity and flow ratio, a depth-infiltration model was prepared from the two-dimensional comprehensive model in the range. In this study, based on the new relationships of losses determination, numerical calculations were done in the software and script environment sequentially and based on the outputs of the hydrological model. First, the HEC-HMS rainfall-runoff model structure was generated with Arc Hydro and HEC_GeoHMS extensions in Shadegan catchment. Then, infiltration parameters were determined by SMA method in the analysis of remote sensing images from the basin. In the next stage, the development of the primary continuous model, calibration and validation was done focusing on soil moisture information. After determining the soil moisture relationship based on the results of the soil wetting model, the artificial unit occurrence hydrograph was determined by determining the flood volume based on the SCS-CN and VIC combined method. Results: The general results of the implementation of the hydraulic model of the flood plain showed that the maximum inflow was equal to 3023 cubic meters per second at the 90th hour of the event, and the maximum outflow flood was at the 93rd hour with a figure of 2137 cubic meters per second. The discharge value is assumed to be 0 at the beginning of the calculations. The flow volume at the end of the calculations was equal to 141.03 million cubic meters, which is the remaining volume of 918.36 million cubic meters in the whole event. The difference between the inlet and outlet discharge was calculated as a deficiency of about 6.14%. Also, the layer of flow depth changes shows that the water level in the plain is trying to be at a possible and reasonable level by filling the lower points. So that a large part of the volume of water from the southern strip of the borders of Trava for the active area of modeling will eventually flow into the sea. However, the direction of water movement has even been estimated to be perpendicular to the direct path towards the sea in some cases. These results indicate a maximum depth of 16.4 units in some areas, with a minimum depth of 5.3 units. The important point is that in the plains, according to the cell size, definitely in some cases much lower depths can be calculated. The average depth in active cells is 11.9 meter calculated locally. These figures can change according to different rainfall events.Conclusions: The results showed that it is possible to verify the infiltration based on the new base distribution equations with a probabilistic condition in the estimation of the basin shape parameter. The amount of hydrograph calibration in response to water infiltration in soil is dependent on the correct estimation of initial soil moisture. Flow losses in large-scale watersheds are obtained more suitably based on SCS-based distribution equations. Numerical and hydrological models such as HEC-HMS or modelers such as HEC_GeoHMS are completely dependent on the DEM raw layer introduced for the purpose of upstream demarcation. Changes in land cover in flat areas can actually produce a closed border of the watershed compared to the reality of the land in different simulation models. According to the basic assumptions such as calibration coefficients, the single hydrograph method can be a good substitute for areas without rainfall-runoff statistics. The TUFLOW software model gave the best response to one-dimensional to two-dimensional flow for Shadgan plain according to the type of boundary conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Uncertainty Evaluation due to TIGGE Global System Precipitation Data for Flood Forecasting
Soudabeh Behiyan Motlagh Afshin Honarbakhsh Asghar AzizianBackground and Aim: The occurrence of frequent floods in Iran necessitates a flood forecasting and warning system with a suitable lead time. The use of numerical rainfall forecasting models in flood forecasting and warning is one of the important measures taken by resea MoreBackground and Aim: The occurrence of frequent floods in Iran necessitates a flood forecasting and warning system with a suitable lead time. The use of numerical rainfall forecasting models in flood forecasting and warning is one of the important measures taken by researchers in most parts of the world. The TIGGE database includes mid-term precipitation forecasts simulated by global forecast centers. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the efficiency and the degree of uncertainty caused by the rainfall forecasts of four numerical models of the TIGGE database (including CPTEC, ECCC, ECMWF, and KMA) for simulating floods with the HEC-HMS hydrological model.Methods: In this research, the precipitation data of seven meteorological stations were used to evaluate the uncertainty of discharge from TIGGE database precipitation prediction models in the Poldokhtar watershed. Also, three flood events on March 24, 2017, April 6, 2018, and April 15, 2018, were studied. At first, precipitation forecasts were extracted from four centers CPTEC, ECCC, ECMWF, and KMA. Due to the existence of systematic error in the forecasts, a bias correction was done on them, and to correct the bias, the Delta method was used. Processed and raw forecasts of four rainfall forecasting models were entered into the HEC-HMS model for flood forecasting, and in the next step, the flow uncertainty assessment of the HEC-HMS model was performed in all members of the four rainfall forecasting models. In this research, 5 factors P, R, S, T, and RD were used for uncertainty analysis.Results: The results indicate the significant superiority of the ECMWF model in predicting precipitation events. The use of all 4 rainfall sources led to an acceptable simulation of the flood peak flow in three different events. Also, the predicted peak discharge time had little difference from the observed data. According to the results of the uncertainty analysis, the ECMWF model was considered the best model based on P, R, S, T, and RD factors. The KMA model performed well in severe and very severe floods. The group prediction system of TIGGE models also had an acceptable performance in all events. Also, the hydrological-meteorological prediction model predicted the time of flood occurrence and the probability of occurrence well.Conclusion: The intended research investigates flood forecasting and warning in the Poldokhtar watershed using the meteorological-hydrological system, based on meteorological forecasts of the TIGGE database and flood simulation using the HEC-HMS hydrological model. The final product of this system is probable discharge and flood forecast. The results reveal the success of the TIGGE database in flood forecasting. The ECMWF model excelled in predicting peak discharge. The upper and lower band calculation method was used to determine the uncertainty, which showed the uncertainty well. This system displayed the time of peak discharge well and with a small time delay, which indicates its good performance. The predicted rainfall from the four centers used in this study (ECMWF, ECCC, CPTEC, and KMA) have significant differences. To reduce these differences, we used a multi-model group forecasting system that had encouraging results. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Evaluation of Rainfall-Runoff Model in the Simulation of Flood Hydrograph in April 2018; a Case Study of Karkheh Basin
Najmeh Fooladi Ahmad Sharafati Tayeb RazieiBackground and Aim: Heavy and consecutive rains at early April of 2018 led to severe floods in large parts of Iran, especially in the Karkheh basin, which was accompanied by huge damages. The average rainfall in the Karkhe dam basin for the event of April 4-7, 2018 was MoreBackground and Aim: Heavy and consecutive rains at early April of 2018 led to severe floods in large parts of Iran, especially in the Karkheh basin, which was accompanied by huge damages. The average rainfall in the Karkhe dam basin for the event of April 4-7, 2018 was about 87 mm, and for the event of April 11-17, 2018, it was nearly 108 mm. For the flood management by the reservoir, estimation of the peak discharge and flood hydrograph is essential in order to predict the hydrological behavior of the basin. Rainfall-runoff models that are used to simulate flood hydrographs are one of the methods of estimating runoff and a suitable tool for investigating and evaluating hydrological processes, water resources, and flood management.Method: Since the estimation of peak discharge and flood hydrograph has great important to predict the hydrological behavior of the basin and also to take the necessary measures to reduce the flood risk, the present study was conducted by using HEC-HMS model to simulate the rainfall-runoff events during 2007-2018 in the Karkheh Basin .By using this model capabilities and the data from some hydrometric and meteorological stations in the basin, the volume and peak discharge of floods in that period were estimated. Because Seymareh dam impoundment has started since 2013; two separate basin models were developed and for running the model, 11 flood events were obtained then, the basin parameters were calibrated based on six events and the others were used for validation. In the process of developing the basin model, the SCS Curve Number method is used to calculate basin runoff losses and convert rainfall to runoff, the Clark Unit Hydrograph method and the Return flow method to calculate the base flow, the Muskingum method for hydrological routing, and the Weighted average method for spatial data analysis of rainfall. The Outlet Structure method was used for routing the reservoirs of Karkheh and Seymareh dams.Results: Comparing the initial simulation results of the model with the observed values at the outlet of the basin and some hydrometric stations of the basin showed that the hydrograph model overestimates the flow. Therefore, using the residual squaredsum objective function, basin parameters (CN, time concentration, storage coefficient, initial absorption, and recession constant) were calibrated. After calibration of parameters, the results showed that the calculated hydrographs were in good agreement with the Observational hydrographs in the Karkheh and Seymareh dams. Next, to check the accuracy and confirm the results, the model was validated by the five new rainfall events and to evaluate the efficiency of the model used in this stage, the Nash-Sutcliffe indices and the simulated variance coefficient were used.Conclusion: Comparing the calculated results with the flood observational values (peak discharge) using the correlation coefficient (R2) showed that there is a relatively good agreement between simulation and observation in sub-basins 5, 2, 7, and 1 (0.92, 0.73, 0.73 and 0.70, respectively). Also, the model efficiency index values in the validation period for the Nash-Sutcliffe index (0.33-0.99) and simulation variance coefficient (0-0.73) for the outlet of sub-basins 9, 6, 5, 1, and 8 are favorable and the HEC-HMS model approximately can provide an acceptable estimation of the flood hydrograph. So, it can be well-analyzed how the way flood events are formed in the Karkheh basin. Also, the sensitivity analysis of the model parameters showed that the curve number parameter (CN) has a greater effect on the changes in the objective function than other basin parameters. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - The role of flood routing in determination and Prioritizing hydrologic units Bostan Dam Basin from flooding and showing management technique
Seyed Alireza Bahrami Majid Onagh Hasan FarazjooDetermining flood producing regions and sub-basins flood producing priorities are considered very important in the management of large watersheds. In this paper the flood routing role in separating and determining flood producing regions in the Bostan dam wate MoreDetermining flood producing regions and sub-basins flood producing priorities are considered very important in the management of large watersheds. In this paper the flood routing role in separating and determining flood producing regions in the Bostan dam watershed of Golestan province in northern Iran after discharge routing of sub-basins in main waterways up to the main outlet of watershed was studied. For achieving the above goal, geographical information system (GIS), a hydrological model (HEC-HMS) and individual iterative elimination of sub-basins was used to calculate related hydrographs with design precipitation for each sub-basin. With consecutive elimination of sub-basins in each run of the model, the total discharge from whole watershed basin after flood routing in main waterways with considering the eliminated sub-basin was calculated; therefore effect of each sub-basin in flood producing capacity at the main outlet was determined. The sub-basin, with highest contribution in producing watershed outlet flood was recognized as most producing flood sub-basin. Then other sub-basins were ranked according to their quantitative share in producing flood discharge at outlet. Flood routing in waterways showed that contribution rate of sub-basins in outlet flood was not proportional with peak discharge of sub-basins and those sub basins with higher discharge do not necessarily have the highest contribution in basin's outlet flood, since waterways parameters of routing and the spatial location of sub-basins can change the contribution status. In order to eliminate the area effect in sub-basin ranking, the degree of influence of every sub-basin unit in the outlet flood was calculated, which changed the flood producing ranking of sub-basins. Finally with respect to the obtained results, required management guidelines were suggested. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Numerical study of the efficiency of dimensionless methods in determining flood status (Case study: Astaneh-Koochesfahan station, Sefidrood river)
Yasin Ebrahimdoust Alireza MardookhpourBackground and Objective: Rain is one of the most important parameters in the hydrological cycle. A large percentage of rainfall in different areas under the influence of factors such as geological structure and structure, vegetation, land slope and the shape of the bas MoreBackground and Objective: Rain is one of the most important parameters in the hydrological cycle. A large percentage of rainfall in different areas under the influence of factors such as geological structure and structure, vegetation, land slope and the shape of the basin becomes surface runoff. Floods are also the result of runoff caused by heavy rains with sudden melting of snow. In catchments, it is not possible to measure all the quantities required for runoff analysis, so it is necessary to choose a model that can easily predict the runoff from rainfall while using simple structure and minimal factors. arrives Material and Methodology: In this study, using simulation of rainfall to flood conversions in a long statistical period of about 20 years between January 23, 2000 to September 23, 2021 in the Astana-Kuchesfahan catchment with HEC-HMS software, one of the objectives The effect of selecting the type of flow conversion hydrographs on the amount of computational error in flooding was investigated. Findings: In this study, unlike the SCS method, in which the error digit as a Nash function is 0.540 and the RMSE is 0.7 as well as the deviation percentage with a digit of 28.01, for the Clark method the Nash function is The value is 0.533 and RMSE is 0.7 and also the percentage of deviation is 29.71. Also in Schneider method, Nash function is 0.477 and RMSE is 0.7 and also the percentage of deviation is 34.25. Discussion and conclusion: This calculation also confirms in terms of error measurement that one of the best criteria for observing the difference can not be RMSE. By performing the validation step, the amount of initial error on the set was significantly reduced. This value reached 0.595 during the long 20-year period for the Nash function. Also, for all the elements in the model, the flow volume and discharge at the moment of the peak event improved significantly. The correctness of the model in the calibration step to reduce the error confirms that selecting one type of hydrograph for the range does not necessarily lead to a significant reduction in the simulation error. However, the converted hydrograph type is significantly effective in reducing the calibration error. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Stochastic generation of flood hydrograph in Jamishan dam catchment
Ahmad Sherafati Bagher ZahabiyoonFlood hydrograph is a one of most important component in hydrological and hydraulics analysis. Estimation of design flood with consideration uncertainty of random variable is important in design of hydraulic structure. In conventional method, peak of design flood is est MoreFlood hydrograph is a one of most important component in hydrological and hydraulics analysis. Estimation of design flood with consideration uncertainty of random variable is important in design of hydraulic structure. In conventional method, peak of design flood is estimated by use of frequency analysis. In this approach uncertainty of other variable such as rainfall, loss and base flow is missed. In this paper flood hydrograph is generated in Jamishan dam catchment with consideration of uncertainty of random variable by use of combination of RPG model, HEC-HMS and Monte Carlo simulation. Result is shown; methodology that be used in this paper has good accuracy to flood hydrograph generation and 100 percent of volume, peak and hydrograph of flood is located in confidence band. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Evaluation of Watershed Management on Flood Forecast Lead Time in Golabdare-Darband Basin
Mohammad Ebrahim Banihabib Azar ArabiMain purpose of this research is estimating the effect of watershed management on flood forecast lead time in Golabdare-Darband basin using HEC-HMS Model. The model was calibrated and validated for Golabdare-Darband basin before and after watershed management using four MoreMain purpose of this research is estimating the effect of watershed management on flood forecast lead time in Golabdare-Darband basin using HEC-HMS Model. The model was calibrated and validated for Golabdare-Darband basin before and after watershed management using four flood events. Floods of the basin are simulated in different return periods in both conditions of before and after watershed management. The Threshold of flood warning was estimated using 25-year flood peak. Results of this research show that the change of land use caused by watershed management, increases flood lead time and increasing return periods causes lead time reduction from 11 minutes to 15 minutes (26% incensement). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Application of remote sensing in hydraulic modeling and determination of riverbed boundaries (Case study: Ardak River)
Seyed Hamid Mirghasemi Hossein Banejad Alireza Farid HosseiniBackground and Objective According to Article 45 of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran and Article 2 of the Law on Fair Water Distribution, rivers are a national asset. They are in possession of the Islamic State. Therefore, the government is obliged to st MoreBackground and Objective According to Article 45 of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran and Article 2 of the Law on Fair Water Distribution, rivers are a national asset. They are in possession of the Islamic State. Therefore, the government is obliged to study and determine the bed and river boundaries, and if it recognizes the aristocracy in the bed and their area for disturbing water or electricity issues, to evacuate or tin and suppress them. Today, due to the increase in the economic value of land and the demand for land construction in lands along rivers and waterways, unfortunately, the process of using the riverbed has increased, which is a threat to access to safe water and its protection for future generations. Occupying rivers is associated with reduced land use and land use change. This disrupts the natural flow of the river, resulting in flooding and social, economic, and environmental damage. It is not possible to manage water resources, especially flood management, without knowing and analyzing the flow of rivers, flood zoning, and determining their bed boundaries and boundaries. At present, a land survey is being conducted to determine the extent of the floods and to determine the extent of the riverbed. This method is very time-consuming and expensive to perform. In this regard, using satellite imagery and aerial photographs instead of terrestrial mapping can be helpful in speeding up studies and reducing costs. Much research has been done in our beloved country of Iran and the world on the use of satellite images in various fields. In particular, several studies have used satellite imagery to study the changes in land use in watersheds and to study the morphological changes of the river. As noted, research has been conducted on the use of satellite imagery in hydrological studies and watersheds, but for the first time in this study, it is possible to use satellite imagery to map the river and extract its cross-sectional areas for flooding and riverbed delimitation. Has been studied. In recent years, the bed of the Ardak River above the Eradak Dam has been extensively occupied and altered. This has led to an increase in the number of floods and a decrease in the quantity and quality of water in the Ardak Dam, which supplies part of Mashhad's drinking water. For flood management and quantitative and qualitative protection of the Ardak dam, flood zoning and determination of the Ardak riverbed is necessary. At present, the ground mapping must be done first. Land surveying to map the river and extract its cross sections requires a lot of time and money. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of using satellite images with a resolution of 28.28 m instead of terrestrial mapping to increase the speed of work and reduce the cost of studies of water projects and projects and river engineering.Materials and Methods ASTER satellite imagery and HEC-GeoHMS software were used to draw the catchment area and extract its physical parameters. The existing riverbed map and its margin were prepared and added to the land use map of the basin as a new layer. The HEC-HMS hydrological model was used to simulate precipitation and runoff. First, a metering and validation model was used for five rainfall and runoff events. The precipitation histogram for different return periods was then introduced to the HEC-HMS model based on the basin concentration time. The execution and flood model were simulated with different return periods. The river's geometric information was extracted in transverse sections from both terrestrial mapping and satellite imagery using the HEC-GeoRAS appendix. Information from river flow modeling in HEC-RAS software was transferred to the GIS environment through HEC-GeoRAS extension and in the mentioned environment, flood zoning and riverbed boundary determination were determined by two methods of using land mapping information and using satellite images.Results and Discussion The results indicate that the flooding area and the determination of the riverbed can be done by using satellite images with a resolution of 28 × 28 m. In this case, the statistical indicators of the mean relative error and regression correlation coefficient were 13.2 and 92%, respectively. If cross-sectional crossings are taken at several points along the river route and replaced by cross-sections obtained by satellite imagery, the accuracy of flood zoning and riverbed delimitation will be enhanced by the use of satellite imagery. If at a distance of 150 meters and at a distance of 8 km, 47 cross-sections are located and grounded and replaced in the HEC-RAS model by cross-sections obtained from satellite images, the error of using the satellite imagery method for flood zoning and riverbed delimitation Will be reduced to 8.1%.Conclusion It is possible to use satellite images with a quality of 28 × 28 m to determine the river bed limit. This method is associated with the average relative error and regression correlation coefficient of 13.2% and 92%, respectively, which can be reduced by 8% with ground cutting. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - The Role of Spatial Distribution of Basin Hydrological Units on Flood Peak Flow Changes Using HEC-HMS Hydrological Model (Case Study: Safaarood Basin)
Morteza Shahedi Gholamreza Nabi BidhendiDue to the significant variations in land control, also regional changes, in recent several decades, floodwater management has attained a vital importance, from the view of water sources management. The aim of this recent research is to study the role of local distribut MoreDue to the significant variations in land control, also regional changes, in recent several decades, floodwater management has attained a vital importance, from the view of water sources management. The aim of this recent research is to study the role of local distribution Aquifer laver hydraulic units of Safaarood on floodwater climax, by utilization HEC-HMS Hydraulic Model. In order to obtain such a purpose, at first, local distribution of under of lavers was estimated, through the amount of its occurrences Flood & HEC-HMS hydraulic Model, co scaling surfaces map according to region level. Then, by using the map of occurrences Flood and HEC-HMS hydraulic Model, the behavior of sub of lavers bestead in every co scaling surfaces, according to floodwater designed, and at the end, along centenary recursion course was discussed. Through elimination of effect of mentioned sub lavers on each co scaling levels, hydrography of exiting floodwater was stimulated. The results showed that sub lavers levels 1 & 2, located on Safaarood laver exiting with index of 67% and 78% had the least impact, and instead, sub lavers level 4 with index of 1.10% had the most impact on exiting floodwater climax of laver. The amount of created variabilities in median region and superior regions resulted from the figure of laver, on compilation with occurrences flood severity. According to above mentioned issues, recommended that, in order to reduce administrative costs, centralization of administrative operation of Safaarood laver floodwater management on all of the regions, including median and superior regions should be prioritized. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Effect prediction of rangeland condition changes on runoff by HEC-HMS model in Sarab-Sefid basin of Borujerd
Ali Ariapour Bagher Ghermezcheshmeh Mojtaba Nasaji Naghmeh PirooziAssessment of Watershed management practices is one of the main subjects for future planning of natural resources management and restoration projects. In terms of, there are no tools for assessment of watershed management practices in many basins of the country, and the MoreAssessment of Watershed management practices is one of the main subjects for future planning of natural resources management and restoration projects. In terms of, there are no tools for assessment of watershed management practices in many basins of the country, and then distributed hydrological models can be used this purpose. The purpose of this study was evaluation of cover changes and it effect on runoff in Sarab Sefid basin in Borujerd county-Lorestan Province by HEC-HMS (Hydrologic Modeling System). For this purpose, based on the rainfall-runoff observed events, HEC-HMS model was optimized and calibrated. Then, to determination of rangeland condition changes, concentration time was measured after each scenario. Inputs of model were determined by SCS method and simulated runoff for available data from climatology stations. Criteria's such as runoff pick and amount of flow determined for evaluation and measured in two situations of before and after land use. Results show that this model (HEC-HMS) is suitable for predicting and simulating of sun off in basin according to acceptable accuracy. Because of decreasing of Curve Number (CN) cause of plant cover increasing, the best scenarios to decreasing runoff are exclusion, available management of rangelands, conflagration and heavy grazing respectively. Therefore to decreasing of runoff must increase plant cover by any management tools even exclusion which it is the last way. Because of forestalling of natural hazardous and land degradation, orchards, built places beside of river and beside of Borujerd city. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - مطالعه حداکثر بارش 24 ساعته به منظور تخمین حداکثر سیلاب محتمل حوضه آجی چای با استفاده از مدل HEC-HMS
علی حنفی -
Open Access Article
14 - بررسی تاثیر تغییراقلیم بر بارشهای حداکثر و حداکثر سیلاب محتمل رودخانه کارون
زهرا رامک جهانگیر پرهمت ابراهیم فتاحی مهران زند حسین صدقیتغییر اقلیم یکی از مهم ترین چالش هایی است که بخش های مختلف زندگی انسان را در روی زمین تحت تاثیر قرار داده است و یکی از آثار آن، تاثیر بر وقایع حدی (سیلاب و خشکسالی) می باشد. امروزه یکی از مهم ترین موضوعات مورد بحث این است که در آینده شدت بارش های سنگین و سیلاب ها نسبت ب Moreتغییر اقلیم یکی از مهم ترین چالش هایی است که بخش های مختلف زندگی انسان را در روی زمین تحت تاثیر قرار داده است و یکی از آثار آن، تاثیر بر وقایع حدی (سیلاب و خشکسالی) می باشد. امروزه یکی از مهم ترین موضوعات مورد بحث این است که در آینده شدت بارش های سنگین و سیلاب ها نسبت به دوره کنونی چگونه تغییر خواهد کرد. در این تحقیق تلاش شده است تا تاثیر این پدیده بر بارش های حدی و حداکثر سیلاب محتمل (PMF) رودخانه کارون در محل پل شالو مورد بررسی قرار گیرد. برای اینکار، دما و بارش دوره آتی (2039-2011) با استفاده از مدل HadCM3 و بر اساس سناریوهای انتشار A1B، A2 و B1 و مدل ریزمقیاس نمایی آماری LARS-WG شبیه سازی شده است. در گام بعدی حداکثر بارش محتمل حوضه به روش سینوپتیکی برآورد و پس از آن، با استفاده از مدل بارش- رواناب HEC-HMS و مدل ذوب برف SRM، حداکثر سیلاب محتمل این حوضه برآورد و در نهایت تاثیر تغییر اقلیم بر بارش های حداکثر و نیز حداکثر سیلاب محتمل این حوضه بررسی شده است. نتایج حاصل از این تحقیق نشان می دهد که حداکثر بارش محتمل حوضه در دوره 2039-2011 نسبت به دوره کنونی تحت سناریوی A1B، با 5 درصد کاهش و تحت سناریوهای A2 و B1 به ترتیب با 5 درصد و 10 درصد افزایش روبه رو خواهند شد. همچنین پیش بینی می شود سهم سیلاب ناشی از ذوب برف در مطالعات PMF، تحت سه سناریوی ذکر شده به ترتیب 24/1 ، 58/1 و 23/1 برابر افزایش داشته باشد. به همین ترتیب حداکثر سیلاب محتمل (PMF) این حوضه در تداوم های مختلف تحت سناریوی A1B کاهش و تحت سناریوی A2 و B1 افزایش خواهد داشت و شدت تغییرات تحت سناریوی B1 شدیدتر خواهد بود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - بررسی تأثیر توزیع مکانی بارندگی بر سیلاب در حوضه آبریز سد بختیاری با استفاده از نرم افزار HEC-HMS
علیرضا نیکبخت شهبازیتوزیع ناهمگون مکانی و زمانی بارندگی در سطح کشور و تنوع آب و هوایی هر از چند گاهی در برخی نقاط باعث طغیان آب رودخانهها و وقوع سیلاب های بزرگی میگردد که از بابت خسارت های جانی و مالی، قابل توجه می­باشد. طراحی عملیات کنترل سیلاب نیازمند اطلاع دقیق از شرایط حوضه آبخیز Moreتوزیع ناهمگون مکانی و زمانی بارندگی در سطح کشور و تنوع آب و هوایی هر از چند گاهی در برخی نقاط باعث طغیان آب رودخانهها و وقوع سیلاب های بزرگی میگردد که از بابت خسارت های جانی و مالی، قابل توجه می­باشد. طراحی عملیات کنترل سیلاب نیازمند اطلاع دقیق از شرایط حوضه آبخیز مولد سیلاب بویژه واحدهای کوچکتر در حوضه‎های وسیع است. تعیین پتانسیل تولید سیل جهت تعیین کمی سهم هر زیر حوضه در تولید سیلاب پایین دست می تواند مبنای تعیین شاخصی به نام شاخص سیل خیزی هر زیر حوضه قرار گیرد. در این پژوهش تأثیر توزیع‎ مکانی بارش های بحرانی بر پتانسیل سیل‎خیزی حوضه آبریز سد بختیاری با استفاده از مدل HEC-HMS مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت، نتایج نشان داد که اثر توزیع مکانی بارندگی در شاخص سیل خیزی چشمگیر است، به ویژه هنگامی‎که با وقایع بزرگتر و با تعداد زیرحوضه‎هایی با مساحت بیشتر مواجه هستیم. از طرف دیگر تقدم مشارکت هر زیرحوضه در روندیابی بر دبی اوج خروجی از حوضه و نهایتاً روی شاخص سیل خیزی مؤثر خواهد بود. افزایش عمق بارندگی در زیرحوضه‎هایی که زمان تمرکز کمتری دارند تأثیر بیشتری بر روی شاخص سیل خیزی دارد. در زیر حوضه هایی که زمان تمرکز بیشتر و وسعت زیادتر است، توزیع ‎های مکانی مختلف تأثیر کمی بر شاخص سیل خیزی دارد. همچنین نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که اگر اثر توزیع مکانی را در نظر نگیریم، شاخص سیل خیزی با افزایش مساحت زیرحوضه کاهش می‎یابد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - تعیین شماره منحنی رواناب در دو اقلیم خشک و مرطوب ایران به کمک RS و GIS (مطالعه موردی: حوضههای آبریز منصورآباد و ناورود)
مصطفی یعقوب زاده بهروز اعتباری علی شهیدی علی محمد نوفرستیاستفاده از سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی و سنجش از دور به منظور تخمین رواناب حوضه آبریزدر سالهای اخیر افزایش یافته است. این پژوهش به منظور مشخص نمودن وضعیت هیدرولوژیکی و رواناب دو حوضه آبریز با دو اقلیم متفاوت (خشک و مرطوب) در کشور انجام شد. در این تحقیق، نقشه شماره منحنی رو Moreاستفاده از سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی و سنجش از دور به منظور تخمین رواناب حوضه آبریزدر سالهای اخیر افزایش یافته است. این پژوهش به منظور مشخص نمودن وضعیت هیدرولوژیکی و رواناب دو حوضه آبریز با دو اقلیم متفاوت (خشک و مرطوب) در کشور انجام شد. در این تحقیق، نقشه شماره منحنی رواناب با استفاده از سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی و تصاویر ماهواره لندست (ETM+) برای دو حوضه آبریز، منصورآباد خراسان جنوبی و ناورود گیلان و بر اساس فاکتورهایی مانند گروه هیدرولوژی خاک، کاربری اراضی و پوشش گیاهی تعیین شده است. نقشه وضعیت پوشش زمین برای دو حوضه آبریز با کمک شاخص NDVI، نقشه کاربری اراضی حوضهها با استفاده از دادههای ماهواره لندست و نقشه گروه هیدرولوژیکی خاک به کمک نقشههای خاک، شیب، کاربری اراضی، تشکیلات زمین شناسی و بازدیدهای صحرائی تهیه گردید. از تلفیق نقشههای تهیه شده در GIS و با استفاده از جدول SCS، نقشه شماره منحنی رواناب برای هر دو حوضه تعیین گردید. سپس برای ارزیابی صحت شماره منحنی به دست آمده، دبی حداکثر سیلاب در هر دو حوضه آبریز به کمک مدل HEC-HMS محاسبه و با مقدار مشاهده ای مقایسه گردید. عدم اختلاف معنی دار بین دبی محاسبه ای و مشاهده ای، نشان داد شماره منحنی هر دو حوضه آبریز با صحت زیاد محاسبه شده است. هم چنین نتایج نشان داد که متوسط وزنی شماره منحنی رواناب حوضه منصورآباد خیلی بیشتر از حوضه ناورود می باشد که این امر می تواند سبب بروز سیلابهای مخرب در هنگام وقوع رگبارهای فراوان شود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Evaluation of environmental effects of Ayoshan Dam using Leopold and Matrix modified matrix method
MahmoudReza Maghouli Mahmoud Zakeri Niri Masomeh SohrabiMajor Dam construction projects have increased due to the widespread climate change, because of increased drought, human population growth and, consequently, increased global demand for energy and water. However, without comprehensive research, a large project such as a MoreMajor Dam construction projects have increased due to the widespread climate change, because of increased drought, human population growth and, consequently, increased global demand for energy and water. However, without comprehensive research, a large project such as a dam will have an irreversible and unpredictable impact on the environment. A survey on the history of dam construction projects shows that many of them have been designed and exploited regardless of environmental considerations, thus causing various contamination and destruction of major parts of natural resources have been. In this research, the environmental impacts of the Eyvashan earth dam were identified in two phases of construction and exploitation on biological, physical-chemical, economic-social, cultural and strategic environments, using Leopold modified matrix and rapid impact assessment matrix (RIAM). The results showed that the most negative and negative effects in the construction phases and exploitation in the modified Leopold matrix and the Rapid Impact Assessment matrix related to the physical-chemical environment. In addition, the most positive effects in construction and exploitation phases for the modified Leopold matrix are related to the strategic and socio-economic environments and for the matrix of the assessment of the Rapid Impact Assessment of the socioeconomic environment on both phases. The results show a very good fit between the two matrices and confirm the accuracy of the results in the environmental assessment of the Eyvashan Dam in two stages of construction and exploitation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Uncertainty analysis of HEC-HMS parameters using the GLUE methodology in Dez Dam watershed
mehdi komasi behrang beiranvandThis study represents the application of a generalized likelihood uncertainty estimation (GLUE) technique for automatic calibration of the well-known Hydrologic Engineering Center-Hydrologic Modelling System (HEC-HMS) model. For this purpose, the GLUE method was used in MoreThis study represents the application of a generalized likelihood uncertainty estimation (GLUE) technique for automatic calibration of the well-known Hydrologic Engineering Center-Hydrologic Modelling System (HEC-HMS) model. For this purpose, the GLUE method was used in calibration of the HEC-HMS model built for Dez Dam basin located in south-west of Iran. From the three selected events, first event was used for calibration and all events were used for uncertainty and sensitivity analysis using GLUE approach. Model calibration showed that the developed model is a suitable model for simulation of flood with R2 and Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency of 0.9 and 0.887, respectively. Sensitivity analysis of the model based on the four parameters of the Green Ampt method indicated that model does not show the same sensitivity on the same parameter in different events. For instance, saturated hydraulic conductivity has the greatest influence on the model of event 1 and model of event 3 is more sensitive to saturation suction at the wetting front and porosity. Uncertainty analysis using posterior distribution describes the uncertainty of estimation after taking into account information provided by the various flood events. Overall, the GLUE analysis showed that there is a significant uncertainty associated with hydrological modelling that is due to multiple sources of errors. Also, this method can be used for calibration of hydrological models like HEC-HMS Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Investigation of the Effect of Land Use Change on Runoff of Qarachai River Basin Using HEC-HMS Models
Sayyad Asghari Saraskanrood Alireza SaeidiIn recent decades, land use change under the influence of environmental and human factors has caused serious effects on the environment, economy and society. Hydrological models are a simplified representation of the actual hydrological system that studies the operation MoreIn recent decades, land use change under the influence of environmental and human factors has caused serious effects on the environment, economy and society. Hydrological models are a simplified representation of the actual hydrological system that studies the operation of the basin, so model selection requires recognizing the capabilities and limitations of hydrological models in the basin. In the present study, the analysis of land use changes and its effect on runoff in Qara-Chay basin was performed using HEC-HMS models. In order to investigate land use changes on the impact on basin runoff changes, the 2020 annual rainfall of the basin with 2001 land use characteristics was introduced to the model. The results related to land use changes show that the most changes in land use include changes related to land without vegetation in a decreasing manner and a mixture of irrigated and rainfed agriculture in an increasing manner. In the simulation of Gharachai catchment basin in HEC-HMS model, calibration of the basin in six sub-basins based on runoff peak, runoff height and runoff volume was examined. 94% and in the runoff peak element with 95.12% and in the runoff volume element with 97.5% show the correct implementation of the model on the basin. Therefore, it can be said that land use change in Qarachai catchment has increased the peak and volume of runoff and ultimately has led to an increase in runoff in this basin. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - The impact of prevailing wind changes on Mashhad airport flights with climate change approach
محمد خلیل نژاد محمد خلیل نژاد رضا برنا منوچهر فرج زاده اصل منوچهر فرج زاده اصل Floods are one of the most frequent and destructive natural disasters that cause severe financial and financial losses every year. Flood damage is on the rise due to human manipulation of river systems and river construction. In this regard, one of the most import More Floods are one of the most frequent and destructive natural disasters that cause severe financial and financial losses every year. Flood damage is on the rise due to human manipulation of river systems and river construction. In this regard, one of the most important non-structural measures to reduce flood damage is the preparation of flood risk zoning maps and their use in spatial planning. In this regard, the HEC-HMS model was used to simulate rainfall-runoff and identify flood zones and fuzzy logic was used to overlay the subject layers and prepare the flood line map. The simulation results show the high efficiency of HEC-HMS model in simulation of rainfall-runoff of Rudball catchment and estimation of peak flood discharges. The conversion of rainfall to runoff at the surface of the Rudball Basin is mainly controlled by geomorphometry and land cover. The highest peak runoff and peak flow rates are in the upstream sub-basins of the Rudball Basin. This is due to high slope, low soil permeability, abundance of impermeable surfaces and high CN. The combination of thematic layers using fuzzy logic showed that about 8.6% of the basin area was located in areas with high risk of flooding. These zones mainly correspond to the floodplain of the Rudbal River. These lands are always exposed to floods due to the low valley and low slope. Most of the settlements in the study area are located downstream of the basin. This has increased the risk of flooding. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Simulation of rainfall-runoff and flood potential using model HEC-HMS and Fuzzy Logic Case Study of Rudbal Watershed in Fars Province
محمد ابراهیم عفیفی محمد ابراهیم عفیفی Floods are one of the most frequent and destructive natural disasters that cause severe financial and financial losses every year. Flood damage is on the rise due to human manipulation of river systems and river construction. In this regard, one of the most import More Floods are one of the most frequent and destructive natural disasters that cause severe financial and financial losses every year. Flood damage is on the rise due to human manipulation of river systems and river construction. In this regard, one of the most important non-structural measures to reduce flood damage is the preparation of flood risk zoning maps and their use in spatial planning. In this regard, the HEC-HMS model was used to simulate rainfall-runoff and identify flood zones and fuzzy logic was used to overlay the subject layers and prepare the flood line map. The simulation results show the high efficiency of HEC-HMS model in simulation of rainfall-runoff of Rudball catchment and estimation of peak flood discharges. The conversion of rainfall to runoff at the surface of the Rudball Basin is mainly controlled by geomorphometry and land cover. The highest peak runoff and peak flow rates are in the upstream sub-basins of the Rudball Basin. This is due to high slope, low soil permeability, abundance of impermeable surfaces and high CN. The combination of thematic layers using fuzzy logic showed that about 8.6% of the basin area was located in areas with high risk of flooding. These zones mainly correspond to the floodplain of the Rudbal River. These lands are always exposed to floods due to the low valley and low slope. Most of the settlements in the study area are located downstream of the basin. This has increased the risk of flooding. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Hydrological assessment of watershed management on flood characteristics (Case Study: watershed upstream of the dam Vushmgir)
mahboobeh Hajibigloo محمد رشیدی آتبین محبتیEvaluation of watershed projects for future planning and management of natural resources based on operational plans. Accordingly, the present study aimed to assess the impact of watershed management practices implemented in the watershed upstream of the dam Voshmgir usi MoreEvaluation of watershed projects for future planning and management of natural resources based on operational plans. Accordingly, the present study aimed to assess the impact of watershed management practices implemented in the watershed upstream of the dam Voshmgir using hydrologic model HEC-HMS study. To determine the effect of corrective structures and biological actions taken, to simulate flood behavior for outcomes were available. Criteria for the assessment of peak flow and flood volume was determined and Values were calculated for both the pre and post watershed management. The results showed that the effect of these measures on peak discharge was not significant and on the amount of flooding, was significant at the 95% level. The hydrological response of the basin, increasing the return period flood events based on the impact of measures to reduce peak flow and flood volume decreases. The effect of the above parameters in the low return periods (2 to 10 years) who were the parameters of peak flow and flood volume 0.94 and 0.96 mode of action was determined. The reservoir volume correction factors before deposition reveals that flood control capability to have a return period of 10 years. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - The Effect of Optimum Management of Lands on Reducing the Peak Discharge and Water Turbidity (Case Study: Manshad Watershed, Yazd Province, Iran)
Ali Akbar Karimian Samira Hossein Jafari Ali Talebi
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