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Open Access Article
1 - The Effects of Different Evaluations on Academic Achievement of Third Grade Elementary Students in Experimental Science in Lordegan
آذر قلی زاده محمد قنبری طلب علی قنبریThis study aimed to assess the effect of different evaluations on academic achievement of the third grade elementary students in experimental science. Statistical populations were 1983 third grade elementary students in Lordegan in 2010-2011. 18 boys-related class and 1 MoreThis study aimed to assess the effect of different evaluations on academic achievement of the third grade elementary students in experimental science. Statistical populations were 1983 third grade elementary students in Lordegan in 2010-2011. 18 boys-related class and 18 girl-related classes were selected through random cluster sampling. Descriptive evaluation was conducted in six classes. Descriptive- quantitative evaluation was done in six classrooms. Quantitative evaluation was done in the rest six classes. It means that 36 classes were enrolled as experimental groups. 5 boys-related classes and 5 girls-related classes was selected randomly as control groups. This is a quasi-experimental study. Data gathering was done through a 40-items questionnaire. Teachers of third grade confirmed its validity. Its reliability was 0.86. Results showed that students in descriptive- quantitative evaluation and descriptive evaluation groups had better academic achievement in experimental science (p < 0.001). There was a significant difference between boys and girls. Girls had better academic achievement (P < 0.001). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - The content analysis of 7th grade science textbook's exercises based on Suchman inquiry model
Razieh Karimi Mohsen khademiThe purpose of this research was the content analysis of 7th grade science textbook's exercises based on Suchman's inquiry model. The method of this research was content analysis and the statistical population were the exercises of 7th grade science textbook (activity, MoreThe purpose of this research was the content analysis of 7th grade science textbook's exercises based on Suchman's inquiry model. The method of this research was content analysis and the statistical population were the exercises of 7th grade science textbook (activity, discussion, collecting information, testing yourself, thinking, experiment). Exercise was the unit of analysis and the criteria were phases of inquiry model. The result showed that among 156 exercises only 49 exercises (31%) were based on inquiry model; among the six exercises, experiment with the frequency of 24(48/97%) and testing yourself with no frequency had the most and the least frequency. Other result showed that among those 49 exercises, gathering data with frequency of 17(34/69%) had the most frequency; collecting information with frequency of 2(4/08%) and hypothesizing with frequency of 5(10/20%) had the least frequency. Totally, the result shows that the book hasn't regarded inquiry model very much so it's necessary to pay more attention to "inquiry model" and preparing students for real life. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Contently analyzing the experimental science textbooks of primary schools: Based on the types of lesson questions
Atieh Sadat hosseini yazdi mina AhmadianThis study was conducted to contently analyze the experimental science textbooks of primary schools, based on the various types of questions. The study benefits from the descriptive method in identifying the types of questions and, also, content analysis method to inves MoreThis study was conducted to contently analyze the experimental science textbooks of primary schools, based on the various types of questions. The study benefits from the descriptive method in identifying the types of questions and, also, content analysis method to investigate how the questions are used in the books. To do so, the question type sentences were the units of analysis. Because of the limited number of the statistical population, elementary science text books, no sampling method was applied. To collect the data, content analysis was used, whose validity was confirmed by the experts of the educational science. Its reliability, also, was calculated by William Scott’s formula as %81. Based on the findings, it is concluded that in the textbook of the first grade of elementary school, the concave and individual-oriented questions were of the highest frequency and the result-oriented questions were of the lowest amount. In the textbook of the second level, also, concave and background questions were highly frequent whereas, the result-oriented questions were the lowest. Taking the questions of the textbooks of the third and fourth level into consideration, the analysis presented the superiority of the concave and practical questions over the questions with result-orientation, possessing the least amount. Finally within the scope of the textbook at level five, the concave questions and those with subject orientation showed the highest frequency, and the result-oriented along with the predictive ones were found to be the least. The result of the Chi-square test, also, showed that there exists a significant relationship between the observed values and the expected ones in all experimental science textbooks in primary school. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Designing the curriculum based on inquiry of the sixth grade elementary experimental science
Zahra Ejadi Maryam Seifnaraghi Ezatolah NaderiThe aim of this study is to design the experimental science curriculum of sixth grade elementary school using inquiry-based approach and its evaluation from the perspective of curriculum specialists and relevant teachers. This study is applied research which is done acc MoreThe aim of this study is to design the experimental science curriculum of sixth grade elementary school using inquiry-based approach and its evaluation from the perspective of curriculum specialists and relevant teachers. This study is applied research which is done according to Descriptive-Survey method. The population of study includes all sixth grade teachers of Esfarayen city (130 people) and curriculum specialists of North and Razavi Khorasan state (40 people) which are studied by census manner. To collect the data, library method and a researcher-made questionnaire includes 40 questions in four sections: objective, content, teaching methods and evaluation are used. The validity confirmed by specialists and reliability through Cronbach's alpha was 98%. Researcher for designing the program studies the history and documentation on the matter research. And based on the obtained information, designs the program and then put it in the form of a questionnaire to the respondents. To analyze the data, SPSS software and descriptive statistics (frequency tables and percentage) and inferential statistics (Chi-square test) are used. Some obtained results in this study are features of four elements (goal, content, teaching methods and evaluation) of the research-based curriculum of sixth grade experimental science which is approved with Specialists and concerned teachers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Analysis of elementary school science textbooks based on representation of components of the nature of science using Shannon entropy equations
Zahra Rajabi Asghar Soltani Mehrangiz AlinejadThe aim of this study was to analysis of elementary science textbooks based on the representation of nature of science. The research method was descriptive and content analysis. The statistical population of the research included the experimental science textbooks of th MoreThe aim of this study was to analysis of elementary science textbooks based on the representation of nature of science. The research method was descriptive and content analysis. The statistical population of the research included the experimental science textbooks of the sixth grades of the academic year of 2021, simple random sampling was used and the size of the population was equal to the sample. The data collection tool was a content analysis checklist (adapted from Phillips et al., 2015). The unit of analysis consisted of complete sentences and paragraphs, questions, figures, tables, margins or definitions, and each stage of a laboratory or practical activity. The reliability of the instrument was estimated to be 0.82 through calculating the Holsti index. Data analysis was done using compensatory data processing method, that is, Shannon entropy. The results showed that the highest level of attention of elementary science textbooks is related to the science as a way of investigating and the least attention was paid to the science textbooks of elementary school related to the component of science as the interaction of science, technology, and society. The results also showed that the balanced ratio in the distribution of components was not observed in science textbooks. The general result of the research indicated that the distribution of the components of the nature of science in elementary science textbooks needs to be revised based on the results of current research. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Identifying the principles governing the experimental science curriculum based on actor-network theory based on the meta- Synthesis approach
hosein lotfi mohamadreza emamjome gholamali ahmady alireza assareh javad hatamiThe aim of this study is to identify the principles governing the experimental science curriculum based on actor-network theory based on the meta-combined approach. Data were collected based on a hyper-combined qualitative research design using the seven Sandlowski and MoreThe aim of this study is to identify the principles governing the experimental science curriculum based on actor-network theory based on the meta-combined approach. Data were collected based on a hyper-combined qualitative research design using the seven Sandlowski and Barros steps. The statistical population of the study includes all articles and journals related to the subject in valid databases in the period 2005 to 2020. The search result was 99 articles, which were evaluated using the Critical Assessment Skills Program to evaluate the quality of the selected articles. Based on this evaluation, 11 articles were selected for data analysis. In order to measure the reliability and quality control of the present study, the kappa method was used. The kappa coefficient calculated by SPSS software was equal to 0.94, which is at the level of excellent agreement. Finally, the principles governing the actor-network curriculum include, generalized symmetry, the principle of heterogeneity and multiplicity, the principle of free analysis, the principle of correlation The principle of networking of learning Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Identifying teaching methods and components and compiling its interpretive model based on teachers' lived experiences in order to discover the talent of experimental sciences of elementary students
mohammadreza nazarian Ali Mehdad ahmad abedi mohammad ali nadiThe purpose of current study was to identify the methods and components of teaching and to develop an interpretive model based on the lived experiences of teachers in order to discover the talent of experimental sciences of elementary students in Isfahanin 98-99 academi MoreThe purpose of current study was to identify the methods and components of teaching and to develop an interpretive model based on the lived experiences of teachers in order to discover the talent of experimental sciences of elementary students in Isfahanin 98-99 academic year.Method of research is qualitatively phenomenological and statistical population was all primary school teachers in fourth grade and sample included 68 of themby purposeful sampling method and up to saturation stage among experienced, tasteful and capable teachers in the field of identifying and identifying students and by introducing the departments of the six districts of Isfahan were chosen.Research tool was a semi-structured interview and data analysis was performed based on seven Collaizzi’ steps.To assess the validity of research findings, content validity was used and to assess its reliability, the expert panel method was used. In this way, final approval was obtained from 5 experienced and knowledgeable professors.Validation of this model was done by referring to each sample and asking about the findings.In general, the research results showed; Proposed teaching model tailored to identify the talents of experimental sciences including 4 methods (metacognitive methods, workshop, exploration and laboratory) and 16 components analogy, research, presentation, activity and work , Participation, nature, imagination, observation and curiosity). By identifying the dimensions and components of teaching model, teachers can be empowered to provide active teaching methods appropriate to the methods of identifying students' talents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Meta-Analysis of the Effectiveness of Constructivist Approach-Based Education on Academic Performance in the Experimental science course
yaser garavand Morteza Omidian Hamid Farhadirad Seyed Abbas Razavi gholamhossin maktabiThe present applied research with meta-analysis method sought to combine research on the effect of constructivism-based education on students' academic performance in experimental sciences course. The field of research of the study consisted of available studies that ha MoreThe present applied research with meta-analysis method sought to combine research on the effect of constructivism-based education on students' academic performance in experimental sciences course. The field of research of the study consisted of available studies that have been disseminated in Iran and abroad for the past 15 years in the form of theses, scientific research articles, and scientific conferences at Iran research Institute for Information Science and Technology (Irandoc), The Scientific Information databases (Sid), Database of Iranian Publications (Magiran), Sivilica and scientific-research journals in the field of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Science Direct, ERICT, Psych info, Scopus, and Google Scholar. According to inclusion and exclusion criteria, 14 effect sizes were evaluated among 109 studies.Initial studies were used to analyze the combined effect size with two fixed and random effects models and to investigate Publication Bias by sensitivity analysis using Funnel plotand and statistical index of Safe of fail statistic and Q Cochran test and I-square to investigate heterogeneity were used and Fisher's Z-factor was used to convert the effect size. Combined effect size results were obtained for the random effects model (2.64). The results also showed that the variables of the type of tools and the type of interventions used are moderating the effectiveness of constructivist-based education on students' academic performance in experimental science course. The findings of this meta-analysis have strong theoretical and empirical support and warrant the necessity to review and apply constructivist-based education in the country's education system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Design the Elementary Science Curriculum Revision Model Based on Fullen's Perspective: A Synthesis Study
reza jafariharandiThe purpose of the current research was to design a model for revising the experimental science curriculum of elementary school based on the deep learning of Fulen's perspective. The qualitative research method was based on Klein's model. The research community included MoreThe purpose of the current research was to design a model for revising the experimental science curriculum of elementary school based on the deep learning of Fulen's perspective. The qualitative research method was based on Klein's model. The research community included reference texts in the field of identifying educational reforms needed to revise the curriculum of experimental sciences from 2010 to 2021. Based on this, 51 sources were studied and investigated with a purposeful selection method, and the sampling process was stopped based on theoretical saturation. In the next step, in order to verify the validity of the extracted components, the research community included specialists in the field of educational sciences with doctorate degrees in the fields of curriculum planning and elementary education. The study sample was 10 experts in the field of curriculum planning and elementary education in Isfahan city in 2020, who were selected purposefully. With Lavache's method, content validity ratio (CVR) was evaluated for each extracted component as well as each component of the model. The results showed that the model of revising the primary science curriculum based on Fulen's perspective with the aim of achieving deep learning and the partial goals of strengthening students' competencies, paying attention to the elements of educational design, modifying the conditions of education and facilitating the joint research process, has usefulness and implementation capability. Therefore, it is suggested to the officials of the Ministry of Education and Research to use the designed model in order to implement educational reforms Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Analysis and evaluation of elementary school textbooks (Farsi, Negaresh Farsi and Olom Tajrobi) in terms of attention to communication skills training and adaptive coping
aboubakr KarimiThe goal is to analyze the content of elementary school textbooks based on Communication skills and adaptive coping. The research is of a qualitative type using the content analysis method. The research population is Persian books, Persian writing and experimental scien MoreThe goal is to analyze the content of elementary school textbooks based on Communication skills and adaptive coping. The research is of a qualitative type using the content analysis method. The research population is Persian books, Persian writing and experimental sciences. The measurement tool was a checklist made by the researcher based on the background whose validity was verified by experts and its reliability was verified by Scott method (89.5) and reproducibility technique (inter-coder reliability). The data from the content analysis were analyzed using the three Shannon entropy steps. The unit of analysis is the phrase. The highest attention with 182 frequencies (32.6%) is related to the skill of "ability to establish adaptive interpersonal relationships" and the lowest attention with 108 times (19.3%) is related to the skill of "ability to cope with stress". Then, 148 times (26.5%) the skill of "ability to communicate effectively with others" and 120 times (21.6%) the skill of "ability to cope with emotions" have been considered in elementary school textbooks, respectively. In the above books, the highest importance factor is related to the skill of "ability to communicate effectively with others" (0.1739) and the lowest importance factor is related to "ability to cope with stress" (0.1465). The most attention to the total life skills is related to the book "Persian" with 214 frequencies (38.4%) and the least attention to the total life skills is related to the book "Persian writing" with 155 frequencies (27.7%). Based on the findings, The reviewed books have taught adaptive coping and communication skills, but there is a difference between the amount of attention paid to each component of the skills and in different books. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Developing And Validating The Interactive Model Of Creativity Education In The Experimental Sciences Course Of The First Year Of High School And Its Effect On Fostering Students' Creativity: Combined Study
jafar jahani Mohsen Faryadi Rahmatalah Marzoghi maryam shafieiBackground: Creative thinking as a complex and multidimensional phenomenon affects students' performance. Aim: The purpose of study was to develop and validate the interactive model of creativity education in the experimental sciences course of the first high school and MoreBackground: Creative thinking as a complex and multidimensional phenomenon affects students' performance. Aim: The purpose of study was to develop and validate the interactive model of creativity education in the experimental sciences course of the first high school and its effect on fostering students' creativity through a combined study in the academic year of 2018-19. Methods: The present study is a mixed study consisting of two parts. The first part was designing a creative learning model for the experimental science class, and the second part was about developing creativity. In the qualitative section, the semi-structured interview method was used. In a small section, the aim of the experiment was to determine the effect of the designed pattern on the creativity of high school students; using a semi-experimental design (pre-test, post-test with control group) from the first year high school students of Karaj (75 people) were selected as the statistical sample. The interactive pattern of creativity training in both groups and in two pre-test and post-test phases were compared with the Torrance Creativity Scale tool for measuring creativity for the experimental science course. To analyze and analyze data in the qualitative part after implementing discussions on paper, open coding (reading line by line data, extracting basic concepts and sentences, forming categories and primary classes), central coding (data classification, sub-category identification, final class formation) Selective coding (linking categories to each other) Categories were extracted. In the quantitative section, descriptive and inferential statistics were used. In the descriptive statistics section, the mean and standard deviation were the smallest and largest, and in the inferential statistics section, one-variable covariance analysis and follow-up test were used to compare the pairs of groups with the help of SPSS-21 software. Results: In the qualitative part, the research results led to the interactive design of creativity training, and the results in the quantitative part of the research showed that the designed pattern has led to the cultivation of creativity in the tested group. Discussion and Conclusion: It is suggested that the interactive pattern of designed creativity training be used as an appropriate way for students to achieve creativity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Content analysis of science textbook based on Guilford’s creativity factors
Layla Salimi Ali Reza Assareh Background: The present research entitled “content analysis of science textbook based on Guilford’s creativity factors". Analyzing the content of science textbooks could have an important role to enhance the content and pupils' creativity levels respe More Background: The present research entitled “content analysis of science textbook based on Guilford’s creativity factors". Analyzing the content of science textbooks could have an important role to enhance the content and pupils' creativity levels respectably. Method: The research method is descriptive and a content analysis type. The statistical society of this research included a second guidance year experimental science textbook in the academic year of 1389-90. The sample volume is equal with statistical society. Instrument of this research is a researcher made form of content analysis depending on Guilford’s creativity factors. To analyze the content of second guidance year experimental science textbook a coding schema has been used. This work was conducted in three stages, in the first stage, the book was divided into four parts (text, assignments and activity, images and tables). In the second stage all units in all parts of the desired class were matched with Guilford’s creativity parameters and were recorded in related tables. In the third stage, those units which were in the high level of Guilford’s creativity factors were identified and counted. Validity of research tools based on education expert opinion was notable and reliability tools based on Holsty formula and 93% was calculated. Data using descriptive statistics (including frequency and percentage) were analyzed. Purpose: The most important issue in educating the creative children is making use of appropriate teaching contents. Result (s): The results showed that the second guidance year experimental science textbook focus too much on the level of cognitive memory and convergent thinking and has poor attention on divergent and evaluation thinking. Conclusion: The results indicates the point that in content of second guidance year experimental science textbook, There is no appropriate balance between different levels of Guilford’s creativity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Assessing the contents of sciences textbooks in Guidance schools from Plesk's creativity training model perspective
H. Maleki Z. Afshar Kohan B. NowruziBackground: Nowadays, creativity is importable component of teaching and training especially about school textbooks. In this research, the relationship between the content of the textbooks and creativity of Plesk model based on William Romi's method is discussed. Object MoreBackground: Nowadays, creativity is importable component of teaching and training especially about school textbooks. In this research, the relationship between the content of the textbooks and creativity of Plesk model based on William Romi's method is discussed. Objective: This study aims to assess the content of textbooks and tips from the perspective of experimental sciences courses targeted Plsek's creativity training model. Method: In the present research, "content analysis suggested by William Romi was used as quantitative analysis. The research community comprised all sciences textbooks of guidance schools course. Results: The information provided on the bases of content of empirical sciences textbooks, first to third grade using "William Romi"'s suggested model. Results revealed the coefficient conflict 0.28. Using creativity circle directed Plsek creative content units were evaluated indicating that set to readiness level was more than other level was. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this research, it can be concluded that some parts of the sciences textbooks in guidance schools need to be revised. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - The analysis of experimental sciences lesson questions of the ninth grade in Kermanshah Province andi nvestigate the alignment of them in terms of Anderson and Krathwohl’s taxonomy
Faramarz Malekyan Sayyed Mohammad Reza Mostafaei Fataneh Khakrah Zainab FarajiThe purpose of this study was the analysis of psychometric properties and the levels of cognitive domain of final exam questions of experimental sciences lesson of the ninth grade of Kermanshah Province in June 2016 based on Anderson and Krathwohl’s educational ob MoreThe purpose of this study was the analysis of psychometric properties and the levels of cognitive domain of final exam questions of experimental sciences lesson of the ninth grade of Kermanshah Province in June 2016 based on Anderson and Krathwohl’s educational objectives. The research was applied in terms of objective, as descriptive research and was evaluation. The statistic population included all of the examination papers of experimental sciences lesson of the ninth grade in boy’s junior high school of district one in Kermanshah which were 2007 papers, among whom 323 papers were selected as the sample through relative cluster random sampling. Measuring tools included difficulty coefficient, discrimination coefficient, Lawshe content validity ratio, Kuder-Richardson reliability coefficients, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and the check list of Anderson and Krathwohl’s cognetive objectives. The results showed that the questions had been contained appropriate difficulty coefficient and high discrimination coefficient. The validity coefficients of all questions and reliability coefficients of objective questions were low, but reliability was high for non- objective questions. In accordance questions with dimensions of cognitive domain and Anderson and Krathwohl’s taxonomy of educational objectives, more questions were in knowledge level and knowledge of real-life (facts) level and any questions was designed on the basis of cognitive domain of evaluation and creative and metacognitive knowledge. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Internal Quality Evaluation of experimental science disciplinary in Islamic Azad University, Ardebil Branch in order to provide strategies for improving quality
sadradin satariThe present research is an internal quality evaluation of experimental science disciplinary in Islamic Azad University, Ardebil Branch to determine and promote quality of education and research. The research is an applied research. It employed survry method to gather da MoreThe present research is an internal quality evaluation of experimental science disciplinary in Islamic Azad University, Ardebil Branch to determine and promote quality of education and research. The research is an applied research. It employed survry method to gather data. The statistical population included the head of the department, faculty members, students, graduates, library staff. A questionnaire, interview and a check-list were used to collect data. The instruments were content validated. The reliability was determined by Cronbach’s Alpha test. The results of this research show that the quality is at a satisfactory level. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - The Effectiveness of Electronic Content of Experimental Science Course on Academic Enthusiasm and Vitality of Seventh High School Students Based on Scorm Model
zahra amini Fatemeh Nataghi Mohammad SeifiThe aim of this study was to identify the effectiveness of electronic content of experimental science course on the academic enthusiasm and vitality of seventh grade high school students based on the Scorm model. The present study was a quasi-experimental study with a p MoreThe aim of this study was to identify the effectiveness of electronic content of experimental science course on the academic enthusiasm and vitality of seventh grade high school students based on the Scorm model. The present study was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest and posttest design with a control group. The statistical population was all seventh grade high school students in Hamadan in the academic year 1399-1398, from which 30 people were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly divided into two groups of 15 experimental and control. To conduct the research, under the same conditions, both pre-test groups were studied using Fredricks (2004) and Dehghanizadeh and Hossein Chari (2010) Academic Enthusiasm Questionnaire. It was given in such a way that the control group was trained in the classroom in the usual way and the experimental group learned the same things in the form of the Scorem standard. After the training sessions on the experimental group, The results of analysis of covariance showed that e-content teaching increases students' academic enthusiasm and vitality. In general, the results of this study showed that the use of e-content strategies training is effective to increase students' academic enthusiasm and vitality. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - The Effect of ICT- Based Teaching Methods in Creating Sustained Learning in Experimental Science Course in Third Grade Secondary School Students
Javad Soleymanpoor Ali Khalkhali Leyla Raayat Konande FallahThe present research is a quasi–experimental one with the aim of determining the effect of information and communication technology- based (ICT-based) teaching method in creating sustained learning in experimental science course of third grade secondary school stu MoreThe present research is a quasi–experimental one with the aim of determining the effect of information and communication technology- based (ICT-based) teaching method in creating sustained learning in experimental science course of third grade secondary school students in Ramsar in 2010. The statistical population included all the third grade secondary school female students about 395 people. Considering the statistical samples available, 50 subjects were selected and divided into experimental and control groups based on random sampling method. To evaluate the comparative effectiveness of ICT-based teaching method and traditional one on students’ sustained learning, a retest was administered in two phases. The first phase was done one month after the initial administration, and the second one was done after three months. To perform ICT-based teaching methods, classes were arranged with two students, each class was given a computer which was connected to the others and to the main computer (that of the teacher) in a network. To control the users and for the purpose of class management," Net School Support" software was used and the subject matters were presented in three different ways: a) electronic content produced by the teacher, b) connection to internet, and c) the use of educational software's. Analysis of the obtained data was done with SPSS software, and the statistical method used t test two independent groups. The results of the research confirmed the effect of ICT-based teaching method in creating sustained learning in experimental sciences course in third grade secondary school students. Therefore, based on tests performed and the obtained results, the rate of sustained learning through ICT- based methods was more than the traditional methods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Examining the Place of Self-care Education in the Intended Curriculum of Experimental Sciences of the Second Year of Elementary School
hasan golchin nezhad dezfuli khalil ghafari alireza faghihiThe purpose of this study was to investigate the place of self-care education in the intended curriculum of experimental sciences. The research method was a content analysis with practical goals. The research population included the book of experimental sciences. Descri MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the place of self-care education in the intended curriculum of experimental sciences. The research method was a content analysis with practical goals. The research population included the book of experimental sciences. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. The reliability of the data was checked by the Holstein method. In the first category of self-management components, communication skills and information acquisition skills were investigated, and the communication skills component was considered significantly more than the other two components. The second category of individual, behavioral and environmental components was of equal interest. The third category of health maintenance component was more frequent than minor, chronic and acute diseases. fourth category of regulatory component was superior to other components, i.e. preventive, reactive and restoring health. The fifth category of the physical component was more important than the mental, emotional, spiritual, school and community components. According to the results of the research, the homogeneity in the different components of self-care in the textbook of experimental sciences has not been observed. According to the findings, it is suggested that the status of teaching self-care in the textbook of experimental sciences of the second elementary school be revised. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - accompaniment of religeon and science (practical theology) in solving family challenges
mansoreh HossinieAccompaniment of religion and science (practical theology) in solving family challengesThe aim of the present Thesis is to find solutions for the religious families when facing with the challenges that are created by the Modern World. The important feature of the Modern MoreAccompaniment of religion and science (practical theology) in solving family challengesThe aim of the present Thesis is to find solutions for the religious families when facing with the challenges that are created by the Modern World. The important feature of the Modern Society is rationality and rationalism. Max Weber considers this rationality as instrumental rationality; a rationality that is distrustful of religious traditions and laws in socializing and believing in human self-sufficiency. What we want to know is the way by which a religious person can benefit from the progresses and developments in the modern World within the framework of religion beliefs. Catholics have taken the approach of “practical theology” for this purpose. Practical theology raises theories about human’s relationship with God and his free actions towards God, and discusses the means that God has given to human to achieve that goal; In the Islamic field, ethics and jurisprudence can be introduced with conditions in the area of the practical theology in Islam, and by applying this method, the religious people would be able to overcome the challenges they face in the modern World. There is a philosophical approach applied for these theologies, so there is no escape from rationalizing moral and jurisprudential rules. In this type of theology, we have to use sciences such as medicine, psychology, sociology and other sciences. The advantages of these theologies are included of correcting some fatwas (legal opinions on the Islamic Law), increasing the power of explanation and explaining the rules and ways of realizing religious ideals..Keywords: Practical Theology, Modern Challenges of Family, Jurisprudence, the perpose of religion، Experimental Sciences. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Investigating the Status of Sustainable Development Components in the Experimental Science Curriculum Iran's Elementary Period and Providing a Desirable and Accredited Framework
jafar ghahremani mir jalal hosini zabih piraiiThe purpose of this paper was to investigate the status of the components of sustainable development in Iranian elementary science curriculum and to present a desirable framework and its validation. The statistical population consisted of a group of experts on the compo MoreThe purpose of this paper was to investigate the status of the components of sustainable development in Iranian elementary science curriculum and to present a desirable framework and its validation. The statistical population consisted of a group of experts on the components of sustainable development as well as a set of empirical science textbooks for six elementary schools in Iran in the academic year 95-96. The sample size of the expert group was 80 according to the Morgan sampling table and in the 12-volume textbook collection including teacher's guidebooks. The method of collecting qualitative and quantitative information was library and field. The reliability coefficient of the questionnaire was 0.81. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, factor analysis tests and Shannon entropy significance coefficients. Data were analyzed and analyzed by SPSS and Shannon entropy software. Overall, the results of the present study indicate the emphasis of the elementary science curriculum on the six components of sustainable development at the intermediate level, and needs to be revised. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Identification of Technical Educational and Economic factors affecting the Academiec Achievement of the Empirical science of the first High school students of Tehran city
shiva AbrishambafThe research method was applied in terms of purpose, and in terms of data analysis, it was a mixed research that was both qualitative and quantitative and in terms of method, it was a descriptive survey. The statistical population consisted of all male and female high s MoreThe research method was applied in terms of purpose, and in terms of data analysis, it was a mixed research that was both qualitative and quantitative and in terms of method, it was a descriptive survey. The statistical population consisted of all male and female high school teachers in Tehran including 1200 students in the academic year of 1397-98, 291 of whom were selected according to Krejcie and Morgan table by simple and random stratified method. The research instrument consisted of a researcher-made questionnaire with 51 items, the validity and reliability of the questionnaire were confirmed and the data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics through MAXQDA software. The results showed that the components (possessing technical knowledge of using technology, speed of technology dissemination, development of educational technologies, investment in educational technology) were among the technological factors, components (suitability of educational goals to students' needs, ability Psychological, academic and teaching abilities were identified as components of educational factors and components (appropriation of credit, ability to obtain credit and distribution of credit) were among the economic factors that influenced academic achievement of the first high school experimental science course. In addition, in the teachers' view, these factors, in line with technology and educational factors, are in a desirable situation. Also in terms of economic factors, proper credit allocation and creditworthiness, they are in desirable condition, but the appropriate credit distribution index is not currently desirable. Manuscript profile
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