Efficiency index

Open Access Article

1 - Evaluation of Urban Growth Boundary Definition in Urban Development Plans in Iran; Trough 11 Different Type of Iranian Cities Monitoring
Hamid Majedi Amir Hosein Pourjohari

One of the most ingenuous realties about cities is their perdurability. Expansion of city peripheries –desired or not desired – causes such areas to be annexed to the main body of the city. As in many developing countries, Iranian cities are growing in popul More

One of the most ingenuous realties about cities is their perdurability. Expansion of city peripheries –desired or not desired – causes such areas to be annexed to the main body of the city. As in many developing countries, Iranian cities are growing in population and physically expanding at a high rate. For approximately the past five decades, after formulation of the first series of urban development plans, defining the urban growth boundary (UGB) has been an important policy tool of (central) government and urban management agencies. Provision of urban development plans in Iran is under the authority of the central government. Throughout this period, and despite clear evidence indicating the ineffectiveness of the UGB whose policy has been adhered to with no major modifications. Perhaps lack of effort in this area goes back to the absence of scientific studies in the field of level of success of the policies and available tools. It is such an extent that current trend of urban growth management is considered as an appropriate approach.  This article, while paying attention to relevant theoretical topics, analyses urban growth management and boundary in Iran .Evaluation of the current growth management process is conducted through definition of special quantitative indices and sample monitoring using non-parametric analysis techniques in GIS.UGB definition error reveals the ignored part of the primary city at the time of provision of urban development plans, located outside the UGB. Thus, this index can represent the credibility of the proposals of urban development plans for the definition of the UGB. It is obvious that neglecting some parts of urbanized areas can cause future inefficiencies in urban growth management.UGB inefficiency index shows the proportion of the final, developed urban area that extends outside of the approved final urban growth zone, that is, outside of the approved UGB. This index reveals the efficiency of the UGB in incorporating urban growth and preventing urban sprawl. This is, then, a reliable basis for evaluation of the efficiency of urban growth management.As a result through a quantitative framework, this research demonstrates the weaknesses in the current procedure (inaccuracy and inefficiency of UGB). The evaluations reveal that the former and current definition of UGB in Iranian urban development plans have not been without error. This is partly because of incorrect assumptions with respect to urbanized areas in urban development plans. In some cases, because of intentional or unintentional mistakes in classifying a part of an urbanized area outside of the urban limits, the UGB does not even cover the real city edge in urban development plans. Another issue is the inefficiency of defined limits in restricting urban growth. Apart from the reality of to what extent the restrictive policies over urban growth are justifiable and necessary, it seems that some part of urbanization occurs outside of the approved urban limits. These two fundamental blunders cast doubt over the accuracy and credibility of the urban management mechanisms in Iran. Applicable results from the research include the necessity to revise the current policy tools. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Total and Partial efficiency indexes in data envelopment analysis
S. Kordrostami A.R Amirteimoori

Introduction: Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a data-oriented method for measuring and benchmarking the relative efficiency of peer decision making units (DMUs) with multiple inputs and multiple outputs. DEA was initiated in 1978 when Charnes, Cooper and Rhodes (CCR) More

Introduction: Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a data-oriented method for measuring and benchmarking the relative efficiency of peer decision making units (DMUs) with multiple inputs and multiple outputs. DEA was initiated in 1978 when Charnes, Cooper and Rhodes (CCR) demonstrated how to change a fractional linear measure of efficiency into a linear programming format. This non-parametric approach solves an LP formulation per DMU to obtain an aggregate efficiency score to each DMU. A new variety of efficiency as partial efficiency has been faced in this paper. Aim: The current paper studies the problem of partial efficiency in DEA. By using a DEA model, the paper determines a sharing matrix of inputs to optimize the aggregate efficiency of DMU under consideration. Material and methods: Toward this end, we have used the well-known non-parametric technique DEA. Results: In this paper, we introduced a DEA model to (i) maximize the aggregate efficiency score and (ii) to determine the partial efficiency of each output. Conclusion: Traditional DEA models give an overall efficiency score to each operational unit based on the observed inputs and outputs. In the current study, new efficiency indexes are introduced. These partial indexes are referred to as partial efficiency of outputs. The paper gives the best resource allocation to maximize the aggregate efficiency of DMUs. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Comparing and Analyzing the Impact of Financial Development Indicators on Carbon Dioxide Emission during the Iranian Recession and Boom
sara marashi aliabadi fatemeh zandi khalil saeidi maryam lashkarizadeh bijan safavi

10.30495/jest.2021.55091.5152

Background and Objective: Protecting the environment and providing solutions to improve the quality of the environment has required countries to conduct studies to study the factors affecting the environment. One of these factors is the financial development of countrie More

Background and Objective: Protecting the environment and providing solutions to improve the quality of the environment has required countries to conduct studies to study the factors affecting the environment. One of these factors is the financial development of countries, because economists have considered financial development as an important factor influencing environmental preferences, which varies according to business cycles.Method: The present study uses Markov-Switching method and time series data over the period 1394-1349 (1970- 2015) the effects of financial development using depth financial index, financial development efficiency index (privy) and fundamental financial development index (bank) has studied the environment in the economic periods of the Iranian economy.Findings: In this regard, the economic periods of the Iranian economy are extracted using the Markov-Swichig model and then in the framework of econometric models using ARDL, the effects of recession and boom in the economy. The relationship with financial development on environmental quality has been examined.Discussion and Conclusion: The results show that liquidity (financial depth index), in conditions of economic boom and recession, has led to reduction of environmental pollution in the country. Private-sector facilities (financial development efficiency index) have a positive and significant impact on the environment in terms of boom conditions, but under recessionary conditions, private-sector facilities do not have a significant impact on environmental pollution. Finally, the creditworthiness of banks (the underlying indicator of financial development) increases pollution in times of boom, but in a recession has reduced environmental pollution. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - On an Efficient Family with Memory with High Order of Convergence for Solving Nonlinear ‎Equations‎
V. Torkashvand M. Kazemi

Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - بهبودهایی از روش کوردرو- تروخروزا برای حل معادلات غیرخطی
مریم محمدی زاده طاهر لطفی مجید امیرفخریان

در این مقاله، دو روش تطبیقی با حافظه بر اساس روش کوردرو- تروخروزا بهبود یافته است. تکنیک روش تطبیقی شاخص کارایی را تا حد ممکن افزایش می‌دهد. روشهای جدید بدون مشتق ارائه شده دارای مرتبه همگرایی  7/99315  و 7/46315  هستند و از اطلاعات دو تکرار گذشته اس More

در این مقاله، دو روش تطبیقی با حافظه بر اساس روش کوردرو- تروخروزا بهبود یافته است. تکنیک روش تطبیقی شاخص کارایی را تا حد ممکن افزایش می‌دهد. روشهای جدید بدون مشتق ارائه شده دارای مرتبه همگرایی  7/99315  و 7/46315  هستند و از اطلاعات دو تکرار گذشته استفاده می کنند. در نهایت، تجزیه و تحلیل همگرایی و مثالهای عددی را ارائه میدهیم تا کارایی و کاربرد روشهای پیشنهادی را نشان دهیم. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article