List of Articles Disposition

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  1 - The Effect of Anchoring Bias and Disposition Effect on Momentum Profit with Regard to the Role of Retail Investors
  Fatemeh Soltani Afsaneh Soroushyar Masoud Fooladi
  10.30495/jfksa.2022.19836
  With the growth of financial-behavioral hypotheses and conducting numerous studies to identify the effect of behavioral biases, one of the areas that has been considered by researchers is the field of research related to momentum strategy.The purpose of this study is in More

  With the growth of financial-behavioral hypotheses and conducting numerous studies to identify the effect of behavioral biases, one of the areas that has been considered by researchers is the field of research related to momentum strategy.The purpose of this study is investigating the disposition effect and anchoring bias separately and in combination with each other to impact momentum profits ad the role of retail investors in this relationship. The statistical population of the study includes companies listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange and the statistical sample includes 136 companies during the years 2007 to 2020. In this study, the effect of disposition effect has been calculated using the approach of Greenblatt and Han (2005) and Frazzini (2006) and the anchorage bias according to the method of George and Hwang (2004). The methodology of Jegadeesh and Titman (1993) has also been used to calculate momentum profits.To test the research hypotheses, the five-factor model of Fama and French (2015) has been used. The results of testing the research hypotheses show that the disposition effect increases the momentum profit. Anchoring bias also leads to an increase in momentum profit. Another result of the research indicates that the interaction effect of anchoring bias and the disposition effect while these two reinforce each other, is also associated with an increase in momentum profit. Finally, when anchoring bias and disposition effect work together, the presence of a high percentage of retail investors increases momentum profits. Manuscript profile
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  2 - Analysis on trading behavior of individual and institutional investors in Tehran Stock Exchange From the perspective of behavioral bias and factors affecting it
  Naser Jamshidi Hassan Ghalibaf Asl
  The aim of this study is to investigate the behavior of individual and institutional investors in Tehran Stock Exchange. For this purpose, we examined the portfolio statement of individual and institutional investors during a five-year period from 2012 to 2016. The resu More

  The aim of this study is to investigate the behavior of individual and institutional investors in Tehran Stock Exchange. For this purpose, we examined the portfolio statement of individual and institutional investors during a five-year period from 2012 to 2016. The result show that Investors’ behavior reflects some behavioral biases. Specifically, both individual and institutional investors tend to sell stocks that have appreciated in price, but not those that have depreciated in price (consistent with a disposition effect), although this tendency is more for individual investors. They also appear to believe that past returns are indicative of future returns (a representativeness bias), and their trading behavior shows that they are overconfidence. In the following, to investigate the effect of characteristics of investors on the cognitive errors, behavioral biases and trading error are investigated based on characteristics of investors. Manuscript profile
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  3 - Aristotle’s Essentialism and Brian Ellis’s Scientific Essentialism
  مریم معیرزاده
  Essentialism like many philosophical subjects is rooted in the ideas ofGreek philosophers. This theory is related to the stability, motion andchange. In fact, a reasonable explanation of the motion and change wasinterest of philosophers. Aristotle's theory is in this fi More

  Essentialism like many philosophical subjects is rooted in the ideas ofGreek philosophers. This theory is related to the stability, motion andchange. In fact, a reasonable explanation of the motion and change wasinterest of philosophers. Aristotle's theory is in this field. This theorythat concerns to laws of nature was the most notable philosophicalachievements and metaphysical foundation for the science of that time.Aristotle was able to study species of plants and animals as a naturalkind because of variety and apparent difference between them. In hisview, any natural kind acts in goal-oriented. From this perspective,Aristotle’s essentialism has been criticism, so was not a serious activityon this topic till 20 century. Brian Ellis is formulated his scientificessentialism with offers to natural kinds and dispositional properties.He offers a variety of criteria for natural kind but he does not acceptbiological kind because it does not satisfy some of the criteria. Heclaims that his scientific essentialism is realistic. The natural kinds ofthis theory are in transition and interact to each other. What appearsdepends on a variety of roles of natural kinds that participating in theprocess. The paper presents two ideas of Aristotle and Ellis'essentialism and pays to new essentialism functionality. This studypresents why Ellis does not accept natural kind in biology even geneticstructure and unlike the traditional view, according to close relationshipbetween the definition and explanation, there is no such connection inEllis’s essentialism. Manuscript profile
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  4 - Laws and Necessity
  امیر کرباسی زاده
  In this paper, I offer a view of laws as descriptions oranalyses of fundamental dispositions. As analyses of dispositions,laws are metaphysically necessary truths. In the first section Iexplain what I mean by laws being property description. In thesecond section, I cons More

  In this paper, I offer a view of laws as descriptions oranalyses of fundamental dispositions. As analyses of dispositions,laws are metaphysically necessary truths. In the first section Iexplain what I mean by laws being property description. In thesecond section, I consider the possibility of being some necessarytruth can be known a posteriori and I claim laws of nature have thisepistemic status. In the last two sections, I try to accommodate myview on laws of nature with the modal intuitions about physicalnecessity that have lead many to reject necessary laws. Manuscript profile
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  5 - The Relation of Mystical Journey and the Rejection of Disposition in the Teachings of Ibn ‘Aṭa’ Allah Iskandaranī
  Reza Elahi manesh نعیمه Ibrahimi
    Ib ‘Aṭa’ Allah Iskandaranī is the first Shādhlī mystic who compiled and wrote the teaching of Shādhlī order. These teachings are entirely based on the concept of Rejection of Disposition (isqaṭ tadbīr). For Ibn ‘Aṭa’ the novice, in the ea More

    Ib ‘Aṭa’ Allah Iskandaranī is the first Shādhlī mystic who compiled and wrote the teaching of Shādhlī order. These teachings are entirely based on the concept of Rejection of Disposition (isqaṭ tadbīr). For Ibn ‘Aṭa’ the novice, in the early stage of his spiritual journey, should reject to make any disposition because God’s will is all-inclusive, so man’s disposition is a hindrance in the path to God. There are nine stations in this path: penance, asceticism, patience, gratitude, fear, hope, cheerful submission, trust in God, compassion. In the seventh station the Rejection of Disposition is more evident than the others. Moreover there are five states: affability, compression, dilation, annihilation, abiding. For Ibn ‘Aṭa’ good deed is the fruit of good state and good state is the fruit of good station. The final phase of spiritual journey is the knowledge of God, which is the fruit of good station, good state and good deed. Manuscript profile
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  6 - A comparative survey on behavioral factors on financial assets investment
  Hamidreza Kordlouie Nader Dashti Razieh Seifollahi
  Since 1980s by appearing behavioral finance literature, logically investment hypothesis and also efficient market ruined. The mentioned literature states that some biases cause on decision making while trading shares. This study investigates the effect of some behaviora More

  Since 1980s by appearing behavioral finance literature, logically investment hypothesis and also efficient market ruined. The mentioned literature states that some biases cause on decision making while trading shares. This study investigates the effect of some behavioral elements on security investment. The aforesaid elements are Regret aversion, Disposition effect, Mental accounting, over confidence, Representativeness, Herding behavior, Conservatism and Endowment effect. In order to do the study, a sample of 385 investors in stock market was chosen and data was gathered through a questionnaire. Statistical tests examined the research hypotheses. Results show that all factors have a significant effect on investors'' decision-making exclude over-confidence. Due to different affection, the elements were rated. Rating indicates that the sequence of them is as follow:  1-Mental accounting, 2-Disposition effect, 3- Conservatism, 4- Herding behavior, 5- Representativeness, 6-Endowment effect, 7- Regret aversion. Manuscript profile
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  7 - Investigation of tendency toward critical thinking in secondary school teachers and its role on their teaching style
  MORTEZA KARAMI MALIHE RAJAEI MARZIEH NAMKHAH
  Recently, studying on critical thinking disposition and its related factors as one of the teacher’s professional competences has attracted many education experts. The present study investigated the trend of critical thinking in high school teachers and its role in More

  Recently, studying on critical thinking disposition and its related factors as one of the teacher’s professional competences has attracted many education experts. The present study investigated the trend of critical thinking in high school teachers and its role in their preferred teaching style. The study was descriptive and correlation. The study population included all of 4115 female high school teachers in the city of Mashhad in 2012-2013 academic year. Kukran formula and cluster random sampling of 110 teachers were selected. Research tools were the questionnaire of teaching style (Mousa Poor, 1998) and critical thinking disposition criteria of Ricketts (2003). The findings from this study showed a significant meaning (r = 0.48, p < 0.001) and teachers tendency toward active teaching style was more than passive and the overall critical thinking disposition of teachers was desirable. Manuscript profile
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  8 - The Effects of Bono’s Six Hats Technique on Students’ Critical Thinking and Creativity
  Eskandar Fat’hi Azar Rahim Badri Gargari Ghafour Ahrari
    Background: Critical thinking, critical disposition and creativity skills are regarded to be as important output of any educational system. The rapid changes of todays' world in all aspects of life, information explosion and lack of thinking skills e.g. critical More

    Background: Critical thinking, critical disposition and creativity skills are regarded to be as important output of any educational system. The rapid changes of todays' world in all aspects of life, information explosion and lack of thinking skills e.g. critical thinking and creativity in students to cope with future problems have emphasized the crucial of these skills. Purpose:This study intended to help students to develop their mental skills by de Bono’s six thinking hats technique. This technique covers every topics and problems from different points and dimensions. Six colorful hats e.g. positive, negative, affection, creative, impartial, and control specifies six points of view. Method:Pre–post, test control group design was applied to gain these aims. California Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory (CCTDI) - Farsi Version- and Abedi’s Creativity test were used to examine the effects. Since the groups were intact (school classes), Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) for total scores of scales and their subscales were carried out after the intervention. Result(s): The results show significant difference (higher) of disposition in experimental group, but no significant difference in creativity among the groups. Conclusion: The direct instruction of thinking skills by six thinking hats technique can boost student's critical thinking disposition, but not creativity.   Manuscript profile
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  9 - بسوی ارائه تعریف عملیاتی از تفکر نقادانه
  پرویز بیرجندی محمدباقر باقری پرویز مفتون
  10.30495/jal.2019.671910
  ین مقاله با پیشنهاد تعریفی عملی و بروز از تفکر نقادانه زمینه لازم برای ارائه تعریفی عملیاتی از این انگاره پیچیده را فراهم می آورد. پس از بررسی دقیق تعریفها والگوهای پیشنهاد شده توسط صاحب نظران این رشته، مشخصه های اصلی این مفهوم گسترده شناسایی و دسته بندی گردید وتعریفی ع More

  ین مقاله با پیشنهاد تعریفی عملی و بروز از تفکر نقادانه زمینه لازم برای ارائه تعریفی عملیاتی از این انگاره پیچیده را فراهم می آورد. پس از بررسی دقیق تعریفها والگوهای پیشنهاد شده توسط صاحب نظران این رشته، مشخصه های اصلی این مفهوم گسترده شناسایی و دسته بندی گردید وتعریفی عملی مطابق با توصیفگرهای اصلی بدست آمده پیشنهاد شد.این تعریف دارای سه مولفه اصلی است که عبارتند از: تجزیه و تحلیل ذهن، ارزیابی داده ها و تفکردرآموزش. سپس عناصرتشکیل دهنده هر یک ازاین سه مولفه شناسایی و دسته بندی شد به گونه ای که پیچیدگی موجود دراین انگاره را بتوان درقالب یک الگو به تصویر کشید. دراین مقاله عناصر سازنده تفکر نقادانه به گونه ای صورت بندی شده است که بتوان تعریفی عملیاتی از آن ارائه کرد. دو دلیل اصلی برای انجام این پژوهش وجود داشت. نخست اینکه انگاره تفکر نقادانه درطول زمان رشد کرده وبه صورت مفهومی چند لایه درآمده که مجموعه ای از توانایی های ذهنی و خصلت های فکری را در بر می گیرد. دوم اینکه علیرغم به رسمیت شناخته شدن نقش بی بدیل تفکر نقادانه در آموزش، از قابلیت های آن برای رسیدن به اهداف آموزشی بهره لازم برده نمی شود.    Manuscript profile
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  10 - The Effect of Teaching Critical Thinking Strategies on Students’ Academic Writing, Critical Thinking Ability, and Critical Thinking Dispositions
  Ali Taghinezhad Mohammad Javad Riasati Fatemeh Behjat
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  11 - اندازه گیری هویت ارزیابی معلمان زبان انگلیسی ساخت و اعتباریابی پرسشنامه هویت ارزیابی معلمان
  Qotboddin Jan-nesar Moqaddam Hossein Khodabakhshzadeh Khalil Motallebzadeh Gholam Hassan Khajavy
  10.30495/ttlt.2021.679444
  مقاله حاضر گزارشی است از مرحله دوم یک پژوهش اکتشافی ترکیبی, که با هدف تهیه و اعتبارسنجی پرسشنامه هویت ارزیابی معلمان زبان انگلیسی بر اساس ابعاد و عوامل موجود در قسمت اول این پژوهش انجام شده است. فاکتورهای استخراج شده از مصاحبه به همراه چارچوب نظری ، پایه و اساس ایجاد مج More

  مقاله حاضر گزارشی است از مرحله دوم یک پژوهش اکتشافی ترکیبی, که با هدف تهیه و اعتبارسنجی پرسشنامه هویت ارزیابی معلمان زبان انگلیسی بر اساس ابعاد و عوامل موجود در قسمت اول این پژوهش انجام شده است. فاکتورهای استخراج شده از مصاحبه به همراه چارچوب نظری ، پایه و اساس ایجاد مجموعه ای از اقلام را تشکیل دادند که بعداً مبنای  46 سوال پرسشنامه قرار گرفت . پیش نویس اولیه پرسشنامه بر اساس اظهارات کارشناسان و استادان حیطه ی سنجش و ارزیابی و اصلاح و بازنویسی شد. سپس پرسشنامه طراحی شده بین 384 معلم زبان انگلیسی توزیع شد. نرمال بودن و پایایی داده ها با استفاده از نرم افزار آماری SPSS مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. روایی ساختاری مقیاس طراحی شده ، از طریق CFA با AMOS 24 مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج حاصل از تجزیه و تحلیل آماری نشان داد که پرسشنامه هویت ارزیابی از مدل-داده مناسب برخوردار است ،  تحلیل عاملی و مقادیر پایایی آن در سطح مطلوبی است. نتیجه این که پرسشنامه ی حاضر (متشکل از سه بعد: هویت ارزیابی، گرایشهای ارزیابی وعوامل محیطی) می تواند به عنوان یک مقیاس معتبر و قابل اعتماد برای ارزیابی  هویت ارزیابی معلمان به کار گرفته شود. در انتها، کاربردهای مختلف مطالعه مورد بحث قرار گرفته است.    Manuscript profile
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  12 - Cognitive exhaustion and solving cognitive problems:testing the moderating effect model of dispositional optimism
  Hosein Zare Ali Khodaei Omid Shokri
  he aim of the present study was to investigate the moderating effect of dispositional optimism in the relationship between cognitive exhaustion and solving cognitive problems. Three hundred university students completed the Life Orientation Test- Revised (LOT-R, Schie More

  he aim of the present study was to investigate the moderating effect of dispositional optimism in the relationship between cognitive exhaustion and solving cognitive problems. Three hundred university students completed the Life Orientation Test- Revised (LOT-R, Schier, Carver & Bridges, 1994). Forty students whose scores on the dispositional optimism were two standard deviations above or below the mean score were selected and randomly assigned into four groups each including ten participants. In the first phase of the experiment, experimental and control groups confronted with uncontrollable and controllable discriminative tasks, respectively. In the second phase of the experiment, all participants in the problem solving situation, replied to the anagram task. The data were analyzed using the two-way between subjects analysis of variance. The results indicated that there was a significant main effect of group and dispositional optimism but there was no significant interaction between group and dispositional optimism. Therefore, the relationship between cognitive exhaustion and solving cognitive problems was not moderated by dispositional optimism. These findings suggested the role of cognitive exhaustion variability and dispositional optimism in predicting problem solving and that the causal relation between cognitive exhaustion and problem solving is not a function of dispositional optimism variation. Manuscript profile
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  13 - The Effect of Momentum on the Disposition Effect and Expected Stock Returns in the Framework of Prospect Theory and Mental Accounting Theory
  Mahshid Allami Afsane Soroshyar
  10.30495/afi.2022.1945172.1064
  The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of momentum on the disposition effect and expected stock returns in the framework of the prospect theory of Kahneman and Tversky (1979) and the mental accounting theory of Thaler (1985). The statistical population More

  The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of momentum on the disposition effect and expected stock returns in the framework of the prospect theory of Kahneman and Tversky (1979) and the mental accounting theory of Thaler (1985). The statistical population of this research included all companies incorporated in Tehran Stock Exchange between 2008 and 2019 from which102 companies were selected as the sample using the systematic elimination method. Multiple regressions were used to test the hypotheses of the research. The results of testing the research hypotheses indicated that momentum influenced the disposition effect. Another result showed that momentum affects the expected stock returns. Moreover, after controlling the disposition effect, the impact of momentum on the expected stock returns was reduced. In other words, the short-term, medium-term and long-term momentum coefficients are lower when the disposition effect is controlled, which means that by controlling the inclination effect of stocks, the momentum effect on the expected stock decreases Manuscript profile
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  14 - Studying the Mohammadean Creation and Disposition in the Mathnavies of PersianPoetry ( from Sanaee to Sheikh Mahmud Shabestari )
  Rogayyeh Hadi Pour Maryam Mohammad Zadeh Ramin Sadeghi Nejad
  Abstract         Studying the different corners of prophet Mohammad's character, behavior and life is of great importance. The present research, by descriptive – analytic method, and with the help of documents from the text stud More

  Abstract         Studying the different corners of prophet Mohammad's character, behavior and life is of great importance. The present research, by descriptive – analytic method, and with the help of documents from the text studies the creation and disposition of prophet Mohammad in the mathnavies of Persian poetry from Sanaee to Sheikh Mahmud Shabestari. The findings show that, in these mathnavies, they have talked about the prophet's disposition and international aspects more than his appearance and physical traits. In Sanaee and Nezami's poetry more attention has been paid to prophet's physical description till the end of the sixth century and there is no sign of it in the 7th and 8th centuries in the Mathnavi, Sa'di, and Sheikh Mahmud Shabestari. Sanaee and Attar had the most intention to the disposition of the messenger specifications such as shadelessness illiteracy, having priority to the other prophets' inherent traits which have been praised in the mathnavies of this era, but emphasis on his superiority on all the universe has been dealt with more than other aspects and can be found in the poetry of all other poets. Manuscript profile