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Open Access Article
1 - Antibacterial activity evaluation of Ephedra Major Host acetonic, aqueous and alcoholic extracts against standard strains of E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and S. pyogenes
P. Torabzadeh Khorasani پورداد Panahi, آذر Sabokbar علیرضا MokhtariAccording to WHO reports increase of antibacterial resistance is a growing problem in manycountries. Many efforts have been made to discover new antimicrobial compounds from variouskinds of sources such as micro-organisms, animals, and plants. One of such resources is f MoreAccording to WHO reports increase of antibacterial resistance is a growing problem in manycountries. Many efforts have been made to discover new antimicrobial compounds from variouskinds of sources such as micro-organisms, animals, and plants. One of such resources is folkmedicines. Systematic screening of them may result in the discovery of novel effectivecompounds. This study was undertaken to evaluate the growth inhibitory activity of Ephedramajor Host, an important medicinal plant with various biological activities, against pathogenicBacteria involved in common infection.Plant collection was made from district west Tehran,Iran. Extracts were obtained from arial part of plant using ethanol, acetone, methanol and water.Extract was evaporated under vacuum at 60° C. Antibacterial activities of extracts weredetermined by In Vitro bioassays using agar diffusion-method, MIC and MBC against standardstrains of Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853),Streptococcus pyogenes (PTCC 1447) and E. coli (ATCC 8739). E. coli exhibit sensitive only toacetone extract, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was resistance to water extract. Staphylococcusaureus and Streptococcus pyogenes were sensitive to all tested extracts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Effect of Aerobic and Anaerobic Composting on the Removal of Antibiotics of Enrofloxacin and Ciprofloxacin in Broiler Chicken Manure
mahsa mohammadzadeh forouzan Ghasemian Roudsari Akbar Hassani Abbasali ZamaniBackground and Objective: Many of the antibiotics used in poultry farms are excreted in their feces. This waste is used as organic fertilizer in agriculture and causes the release of animal antibiotics in the environment. These compounds may increase the antibiotic resi MoreBackground and Objective: Many of the antibiotics used in poultry farms are excreted in their feces. This waste is used as organic fertilizer in agriculture and causes the release of animal antibiotics in the environment. These compounds may increase the antibiotic resistance of microbial populations or damage plants grown in these soils. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of aerobic and anaerobic poultry manure composting on the amount of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin antibiotics in poultry manure at two levels of high and low concentration and compare them with each other. Method: Two samples of fresh broiler chicken manure were prepared after the end of the chicken treatment with antibiotic enrofloxacin. The two samples contained two levels of high and low concentrations of Enrofloxacin and Ciprofloxacin. The composting of chicken manure was done using a completely randomized design with 4 treatments of 1- aerobic treatments at a low concentration, 2- aerobic treatments at high concentration 3- anaerobic treatments at low concentration 4- anaerobic treatments at a high concentration in five replicates in 75 days. Samples were prepared at specific intervals and the concentration of Enrofloxacin and Ciprofloxacin was measured by HPLC method. The obtained data were fitted with the first-order kinetic equation and the half-life of the antibiotic degradation was calculated. Findings: The results showed that at the end of the period, in treatments 1 to 4, 54.2%, 64.3%, 65.3% and 69.7% of the Enrofloxacin and 41%, 57.8%, 57.8% and 61.8% Ciprofloxacin remained. The correlation coefficient (R2) obtained from the fitting of the first-order kinetic equation in treatments (from 0.71 to 0.92) showed that the data fit well with this equation. The half-life of the Enrofloxacin degradation was obtained between 96.27 and about 150.68 days. The half-life of degradation for Ciprofloxacin was also found to be between 57.28 and 117.48 days. Discussion and Conclusion: Overall, the results showed that the process of composting reduced the concentration of antibiotics and prevented its entry into the environment. The rate and total amount of antibiotic degradation in aerobic conditions was higher than anaerobic. The rate of degradation of both antibiotics at a high initial concentration was lower than its rate of degradation at low concentrations. The rate of ciprofloxacin degradation was also higher than Enrofloxacin. The results of this study can help to create relevant laws and regulations in relevant institutions, in order to reduce the release of veterinary antibiotics into the environment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Veterinary Antibiotics, Release in the Environment and its Impact on Soil, Plant and Human Health
Mahsa Mohammadzadeh Forouzan Ghasemian Roudsari Akbar Hassani Abbasali ZamaniBackground and Objective: Veterinary Antibiotics are widely used in Iran and elsewhere in the world to deal with livestock and poultry diseases, due to increased demand for meat and dairy products in the community. Most of these antibiotics are excreted in the urine and MoreBackground and Objective: Veterinary Antibiotics are widely used in Iran and elsewhere in the world to deal with livestock and poultry diseases, due to increased demand for meat and dairy products in the community. Most of these antibiotics are excreted in the urine and feces of livestock and poultry and these excrements are used as manure by farmers in fields and gardens. This issue has raised concerns about the release of antibiotics in the environment. Increasing the concentration of these compounds in agricultural environments may lead to antibiotic-resistant bacteria and genes, and ultimately affect the health of soil, plant, and humans. Method: In this article, a brief overview of the use of antibiotics in the world and Iran, ways to release it in the environment by livestock and poultry manure, its effect on the microbial community of the soil, the accumulation of antibiotics in the edible parts of plants and its impact on the health of human has been studied. Also, the effect of composting livestock and poultry manure before entering the fields and gardens as a suitable strategy to prevent the occurrence of these compounds into the soil has also been studied. Finally, existing research gaps and suggestions for a more accurate understanding of this issue in Iran has been declared. Findings: Most Veterinary antibiotics added to agricultural land are absorbed by plant roots. This leads to their bioaccumulation in plant tissues and toxicity to plants. The type of treatments performed before the introduction of livestock manure into the field determines the final concentration of antibiotics introduced into the environment. Discussion and Conclusions: There are significant research gaps in the release of antibiotics into the environment. In Iran, the concentration of various antibiotics in manure and poultry as well as their fate in soil, plants and humans should be investigated. Key words: Veterinary antibiotics (VAs), Agricultural soil, Manure fertilizer, Antibiotic resistance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Investigating the treatment of wastewater containing antibiotics by nanophotocatalytic method
Alieh Mohammadi Shaghayegh Laleh Mohammadreza DoostiToday, along with the progress of the industry, water pollution is also increasing. Pollutants enter the underground sources and surface waters from various routes and become a potential threat to human health and other organisms in the life cycle. Although various meth MoreToday, along with the progress of the industry, water pollution is also increasing. Pollutants enter the underground sources and surface waters from various routes and become a potential threat to human health and other organisms in the life cycle. Although various methods have been used to purify water and wastewater, most of these methods are not effective enough to remove many persistent organic pollutants, such as dyes, drugs, solvents, pesticides, etc. Antibiotics are among persistent organic pollutants that are rarely completely metabolized in the body after consumption, and 30 to 90% of them remain as active pollutants in the environment after elimination. Therefore, the use of new methods such as photocatalytic processes for antibiotics treatment have attracted the attention of researchers. The use of heterogeneous semiconductor nano photocatalysts as one of the advanced oxidation processes is considered due to their advantages including short-time procedure for synthesis of nano photocatalysts, nano photocatalyst ability to recycle and reuse, the formation of harmless products during the reaction, economic efficiency and compatibility with the environment. So, this approach can be an effective and efficient way to deal with environmental pollution caused by antibiotics. In this article, in addition to introducing the advanced oxidation method, recent studies on using of heterogeneous nano photocatalysts and most effective factors on photocatalytic reaction in water and wastewater treatment containing antibiotics have been reviewed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - ارزیابی ماندگاری آنتیبیوتیکهای بیمارستانی تخلیه شده به رودخانه کارون در بازه اهواز (مطالعه موردی: دو بیمارستان امام خمینی و سینا)
بیتا باهری ابراهیم رجب زاده قطر میبا توجه به خطرات گسترش مقاومت آنتی­بیوتیک­ها در محیط زیست، هدف از پژوهش حاضر محاسبه میزان ماندگاری آنتی­بیوتیک­های ورودی دو بیمارستان امام خمینی و سینا به رودخانه کارون و تعیین خطرناکترین نوع آنتی بیوتیک در فواصل خروجی فاضلاب، 500، 1000، 1500، 2000 و 300 Moreبا توجه به خطرات گسترش مقاومت آنتی­بیوتیک­ها در محیط زیست، هدف از پژوهش حاضر محاسبه میزان ماندگاری آنتی­بیوتیک­های ورودی دو بیمارستان امام خمینی و سینا به رودخانه کارون و تعیین خطرناکترین نوع آنتی بیوتیک در فواصل خروجی فاضلاب، 500، 1000، 1500، 2000 و 3000 متری از خروجی بیمارستان­ها در تابستان و زمستان 1398 بود. نمونه­برداری در بطری­های تیره­ درب سمباده­ای انجام شد و غلظت ۵ آنتی بیوتیک (پنی­سیلین­جی، سفتریاکسون، سفیکسیم، اریترومایسین و آموکسی­سیلین) که از جدول فراوانی پر مصرف­ترین آنها از مقالات مختلف در بیمارستان­ها انتخاب شده بودند با استفاده از دستگاه HPLC سنجش شد. نتایج نشان داد غلظت کلی ۵ آنتی­بیوتیک در مجموع در خروجی بیمارستان امام خمینی و سینا بین 27/80- 68/0 نانوگرم در لیتر در تابستان و 49/84-3/6 نانوگرم در لیتر زمستان بود. در تابستان و زمستان ایستگاه خروجی هر دو بیمارستان بالاترین غلظت آنتی­بیوتیک را داشتند و با فاصله گرفتن از محل خروجی بیمارستان و در فاصله 2000 متری، 32/10-56/0 درصد آنتی­بیوتیک همچنان در آب باقی مانده بود. آموکسی سیلین و پنی­سیلین جی به ترتیب در محل تخلیه­ فاضلاب، 1000 و 2000 متری بیشترین و کمترین غلظت آنتی­بیوتیک­ را در آب رودخانه­ی کارون داشتند. در هر دو بیمارستان، درصد بازماندگی آنتی­بیوتیک­ها در دو فصل تابستان و زمستان به جز در مورد پنی­سیلین جی، در سایر آنتی­بیوتیک­ها اختلاف معنی­داری نداشت (05/0<P ). در فاصله­ی 2500 متری فقط بازماندگی آنتی بیوتیک­های سفیکسیم (زمستان هر دو بیمارستان)، سفتریاکسون (زمستان و تابستان هر دو بیمارستان) و پنی سیلین جی (تابستان در بیمارستان امام خمینی) صفر درصد بود که نشان دهنده­ی ماندگاری و خطر زیست محیطی و انسانی بالاتر این دو آنتی­بیوتیک در مقایسه با سه آنتی­بیوتیک دیگر است. مقایسه مقادیر آنتی­بیوتیک­های رودخانه­ی کارون با استانداردهای PNEC و Lowest MIC، نشان داد که مقادیر تمامی انتی­بیوتیک­ها از استانداردهای در نظر گرفته شده، بالاتر بود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Identification of Lavasan Soil Streptomyces and Their Antagonistic Potential
Seyed Hesam Tavabe Ghavami Abul Qasem Ghasemi Samin SeddighStreptomyces are a group of wild-type bacteria and generally saprophytic, more than 400 species have been described and few species are pathogenic. These bacteria exist in many natural environments and antibiotic production is one of the most prominent properties. Few s MoreStreptomyces are a group of wild-type bacteria and generally saprophytic, more than 400 species have been described and few species are pathogenic. These bacteria exist in many natural environments and antibiotic production is one of the most prominent properties. Few species have parasitic relation with animals and plants, including potato common scab disease. In this research, soil samples were gathered from fields and gardens of Lavasan region at depths of 10-30 cm. After drying and sieving, samples were diluted and cultured in casein-glycerin-agar (CGA). After a week, spored colonies with characteristics of Streptomyces were selected and transferred to the new media. The isolates were classified into three main groups based on phenytoin characteristics including color and form of spore, colony color and melanin production, consumption of hydrocarbons and antibiotic production in culture media. Some strains of each group were identified using 16sRNA sequencing and their phylogeny was investigated. In totally, 38 strains were isolated from 20 soil samples. The results showed that the strains belonged to S. kanamyceticus, S. violascens, S. akiyoshiensis and S. ambofaciens, with a similarity of more than 99%. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Efflux Systems in plant-associated Bacteria and their Role in Multiple Drug Resistance
Sina Nourizadeh Reza KhakvarPlant Associated Bacteria are one of the most important elements of plant ecosystems. These bacteria live internally (endophytes) or externally (epiphytes) in different plants organs and have various effects on the life cycle of plants. These bacteria are constantly exp MorePlant Associated Bacteria are one of the most important elements of plant ecosystems. These bacteria live internally (endophytes) or externally (epiphytes) in different plants organs and have various effects on the life cycle of plants. These bacteria are constantly exposed to different antibacterial compounds which are secreted from plants and other epiphytic microorganisms in their natural habitat. Plant-associated bacteria deal with these toxic compounds in a variety of ways, one of which is the use of efflux systems. An active efflux mechanism is responsible for the transportation of antibacterial compounds out of the cell. This process is associated with energy consumption which is provided from ATP hydrolysis or electrochemical gradient. These pumps are protein vectors that express from chromosome or plasmid and not only have critical rule in drug resistance, also have other physiological proceeds. The rule of efflux systems in plant-associated bacteria and their relation with transcription regulatory are discuss in this article. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Synthesis and evaluation of antibacterial properties of green copper oxide nanoparticles from Hypericum perforatum plant extract and Marrubium Vulgare
Ashkan Farazin Shirin KavezadehIn the present study, copper oxide nanoparticles were synthesized using Hypericum perforatum plant extract from the Malpican family and Marrubium Vulgare plant from the mint family. Since it is believed that the antioxidants in the plant reduce the reduction of metal io MoreIn the present study, copper oxide nanoparticles were synthesized using Hypericum perforatum plant extract from the Malpican family and Marrubium Vulgare plant from the mint family. Since it is believed that the antioxidants in the plant reduce the reduction of metal ions to nanoparticles as reducing agents, these two plants were tested for their antioxidant properties by the free radical scavenging method, and the IC50 quantity was measured. Hypericum perforatum plant with IC50 equivalent to 0.413 had more antioxidant content than Marrubium Vulgare plant with IC50 equivalent to 1.562, so it was superior in the process of green synthesis. The properties of the synthesized nanoparticles were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), and Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Visible). The presence of a metal-oxygen bond was confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). X-ray energy diffraction spectra showed the purity of the synthesized nanoparticles. The synthesized nanoparticles were observed with spherical morphology and size distribution of 30 to 40 nm and with uniform size distribution. The results of the XRD spectrum showed that pH adjustment did not affect the synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles. The nanoparticles synthesized against the two bacteria used in this present study did not show significant antibacterial properties compared to industrial antibiotics. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Evaluation of Medicinal infusions signs in cattle slaughtered at the abattoir Sari
mohsen yadollahi Nasrollah Vahedi Nouri Yazdan KhodabakhshSummary: Today, Antibiotics are mainly used to treat and also stimulate the growth of livestock in the diet. In the event of uncontrolled consumption of drugs especially antibiotics and lack of observance Contraception time (Withdrawal time), Causes harmful effects such MoreSummary: Today, Antibiotics are mainly used to treat and also stimulate the growth of livestock in the diet. In the event of uncontrolled consumption of drugs especially antibiotics and lack of observance Contraception time (Withdrawal time), Causes harmful effects such as: Bacterial resistance, allergic reactions, poisoning, Carcinogenicity and disturb the natural microflora of the intestines in the body of the consumer. This study was conducted to determine the rate of injection of drugs and its effects on cows' carcasses. This study is descriptive-cross sectional. Within six months, From June to December 2016, a total of 8630 cow carcasses were surveyed from Sari industrial slaughterhouse. For this purpose, carcasses were examined (Effects of Injection, Smell the drug odor) daily at the slaughterhouse. Of the 8630 carcasses examined, 1,500 carcasses (17.38 %) had injectable effects. The results of the research show that there the difference between males and females in terms of the effects of drug injections is statistically significant in both summer and autumn (P‹0.05).But between summer and autumn, the difference is not statistically significant(P›0.05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Effects of metal oxide catalysts on the photodegradation of antibiotics effluent
Chaimaa EL Bekkali Habiba Bouyarmane Said Laasri Abdelaziz Laghzizil Ahmed Saoiabi -
Open Access Article
11 - Probiotics Improve Productive Performance and Carcass Ultrasonographic Quality of Steers under Grazing during Dry-Water Transition Season
N.F. Neves C.A. Pedrini E.R. Oliveira O.F.C. Marques J.T. Silva R.A.S. Becker W.S. Gouvea A.R.M. Fernandes J.R. Gandra -
Open Access Article
12 - Effects of Sodium Butyrate and Rosemary Leaf Meal on General Performance, Carcass Traits, Organ Sizes and Nutrient Digestibility of Broiler Chickens
M.C. Ogwuegbu C.E. Oyeagu H.O. Edeh C.E. Dim A.O. Ani F.B. Lewu -
Open Access Article
13 - Live Yeast Supplementation for Heifers (F1 Angus × Nellore) in Intensive Grazing Finishing System
C.A. Pedrini J.R. Gandra E.R. Oliveira A.R.M. Fernandes F.S. Machado E.R.S. Gandra -
Open Access Article
14 - Effect of Linear and Cyclic Lysine-Lysine-Tryptophan- Tryptophan -Lysine-Phenylalanine Antimicrobial Peptide on Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Micelle as Cell Membrane Mimetic: Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study
S. Hassan Mortazavi Mohammad Reza Bozorgmehr Mohammad Momen Heravi -
Open Access Article
15 - Antibacterial and Antioxidant Properties of Colorant Extracted from Red Onion Skin
Sara Moosazad Peyman Ghajarbeigi Razzagh Mahmoudi Saeed Shahsavari Roghayeh Vahidi Ali Soltani -
Open Access Article
16 - Investigate the frequency of genes sul and investigate the relationship between genes sul and Class I integrons in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates resistant to sulfonamides isolated from clinical cases in Shahrekord
Marziyeh Farsinejad Maryam Reisi JAMSHID Alibabaeishahraki Hossein Khodabandeh shahrakiAntimicrobial resistance is a common problem throughout the world. Acquire integrons is one One of the main causes multi- resistance in gram-negative microorganisms. The purpose of this study, Investigate the frequency of genes sul and investigate the relationship betw MoreAntimicrobial resistance is a common problem throughout the world. Acquire integrons is one One of the main causes multi- resistance in gram-negative microorganisms. The purpose of this study, Investigate the frequency of genes sul and investigate the relationship between genes sul and Class I integrons in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates resistant to sulfonamides isolated from clinical cases in Shahrekord. In this study, antibiotic resistance 90 isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from clinical cases of Shahrekord,disk diffusion method was performed. In order to investigate resistance to sulfonamides of the antibiotic cotrimoxazole was used. Then using specific primers was performed tracing genes sul1, sul2 and sul3 and intI. After PCR reaction of 33 isolates resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole sul1 gene in 15 isolates (45/45%), sul2 gene in 20 isolates (60/60%), gene Sul3 in 2 isolates (6/06%) and the gene intI 27 isolates was found. The statistical analysis between genes sul1and IntI significant relationship was observed. The results of this study show that is a strong correlation between carry integrons and increased resistance to a number of different classes of antibiotics. Manuscript profile
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