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Open Access Article
1 - Comparing Balami history literature and Tha'lebi history literature
Ashraf farajzadeh asghar rezaporian Amir Hosein HematiHistorical works can also be considered as literary works. On the other hand, the term of narrative is one of the most important aspects of literature that has involved the minds of many scholars in the field of literary criticism in recent decades. But in the history o MoreHistorical works can also be considered as literary works. On the other hand, the term of narrative is one of the most important aspects of literature that has involved the minds of many scholars in the field of literary criticism in recent decades. But in the history of Iranian literature, "historiography" and historical works were considered literary works per se. Because the secretaries, the scholars and the writers involved in writing history and one of the most important foundation of historiography for them has been familiarity with the art of writing and skill in literary techniques. From the middle of the fourth century onwards, independent of Arabic rhetorical treatises, Persian rhetoric books were gradually written. So historical treatises are also criticized.An important book on the history of Bal'ami related to the fourth century, written by Bal'ami and the history of Tha’alebi, apparently written by a theologian. In terms of the type of narrative, style and context, the use of narrative components is a clear example of the change or how the use of rhetorical industries has changed in this century. The present article analyzes the differences between the narratives in these two works in terms of narrative components, such as perspective, the extent of using dialogue as a driving component of the plot and metaphor, and other narrative components based on the opinions of new critics in the field of narrative Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Social Critique of "Neighbors" and in Comparison with Lukács’s Theory
Elaheh Poloei Monireh Ahamad Soltani Mohammad Homayoun SepehrDuring Mohammad Reza Pahlavi’s reign, the amount of oil sales to other countries increased and the country's financial situation improved compared to last years, and as a result, the purchase of paper, book publishing, etc. increased. On the other hand, strictness MoreDuring Mohammad Reza Pahlavi’s reign, the amount of oil sales to other countries increased and the country's financial situation improved compared to last years, and as a result, the purchase of paper, book publishing, etc. increased. On the other hand, strictness and censorship are less than Reza Shah's era. Therefore, during the second Pahlavi regime, storytelling became more popular and writers who were influenced by the conditions of society, began to create stories that express the conditions of society and the historical events of that period. One of these stories is "Neighbors" which describes the situation in southern (cities of) Iran at the time of the nationalization of oil. In this book, the political and social conditions of that period, the people’s lives and their thoughts and ideas and aspirations and problems, financial and cultural poverty and even the hidden layers of human life are expressed and the role of the Tudeh Party in creating this political movement is mentioned indirectly. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Characterization in "Crossings" Novel by Danielle Steel
Reyhaneh Nami Sharif Abad Reza AshrafzadehVarious nations' relationship and knowing their literature have always been a proper field to create cultural and social changes and evolution. The writers who know themselves as part of other people, social and cultural movements, may cause literature's growth and deve MoreVarious nations' relationship and knowing their literature have always been a proper field to create cultural and social changes and evolution. The writers who know themselves as part of other people, social and cultural movements, may cause literature's growth and development. One of the most important and key elements in story writing is character and characterization undoubtedly which determines form and process of the story. Character in a theatre and novel is the one who should have all psychological and behavioral qualities both verbally and moraly. The present research attempts to study character and characterization in "Crossings" Novel by Danielle Steel; the elements such as protypes, internal and external criterion and etc. Some tables are brought at the end of the research to simplify understanding the characters. The method is librarian and is done through taking notes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Dash Akol and the central characters in Hemingway’s stories
Mazaher Mosaffa Shadman Shokravi Leyla Fatemi RadThe short story “Dash Akol” is of Sadegh Hedayat’s the most prominent stories and of the prominent stories of Iranian literature. In this story, Ernest Hemingway’s thinking in his Characterizations, which somehow forms his school o MoreThe short story “Dash Akol” is of Sadegh Hedayat’s the most prominent stories and of the prominent stories of Iranian literature. In this story, Ernest Hemingway’s thinking in his Characterizations, which somehow forms his school of thought, shows itself. Idealism, belonging to the minority, injury, bad appeal, painful submission and eventually the victory and at the same time defeat, are the most common characters of personalities in Dash Akol’s with the American author’s favorite ones. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - A comparative Study of themes and structure in “Oscar and lady in pink “and” Kiss the Lovely Face Of God”
Mahboubeh FahimkalamThe Study of contextual and structural similarities between the literary works of the authors in world attracts always the searchers. Mostafa Mastoor, author contemporary of our country is noun for Iranian searchers. His vision to mysticism excite to create his famous p MoreThe Study of contextual and structural similarities between the literary works of the authors in world attracts always the searchers. Mostafa Mastoor, author contemporary of our country is noun for Iranian searchers. His vision to mysticism excite to create his famous production, Kiss the Lovely Face Of God”. He chooses subjects that evolve man’s mentality. Eric-Emmanuel Schmitt, famous French author utilize theses techniques too. He reconciles his interlocutor to world spiritual by his novel. “Kiss the Lovely Face Of God”, Mastoor’s work and Oscar and lady in pink, Schmitt’s work although have different languages and different origin, but a they have a common themes. In this present paper, we want to study similarities in themes and characters between theses two works philosophique. We will try to analyse their content and structure with a comparative approach. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - In search of the utopia; A Comparative View at Selected Works by Harper Lee and Aldous Huxley
Saeed RahimipourAt anytime and anywhere in the world, intellectuals have sought to discover their eternity and their ideals, society and the ideal world. Hence, they have paid their attention to works of art and literature, which have been the main focus of their intellectual concerns MoreAt anytime and anywhere in the world, intellectuals have sought to discover their eternity and their ideals, society and the ideal world. Hence, they have paid their attention to works of art and literature, which have been the main focus of their intellectual concerns and inspirations. One of the previous and current attention of man and his long-standing desire was to achieve utopia and ideal that encompasses all the characters of his creation.Given the components of the story, such as thematic, staging, and characterization, the purpose of this article is to provide an analytical approach to Huxley's selected work "Donyaye Shegeft Angiz" and Harper Lee's work "Koshtane Morghe Mina", to answer the question of whether whether there is a commonality between these two works according to the research topic or not. Also, this article clearly demonstrates the fact that literature and its outstanding techniques cover a wide range of arts and sciences in reflecting and predicting the future of human beings in the world Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Study and analysis of confrontational characters in mystical and theological allegories
Mahnaz Mahdizad Farid Haydar QolizadehFictional allegory in literary terminology refers to an extended narrative that has multiple layers of other esoteric meanings behind the apparent meaning, that Each of these layers of meaning needs to be discovered, studied and recognized. Anything that is considered t MoreFictional allegory in literary terminology refers to an extended narrative that has multiple layers of other esoteric meanings behind the apparent meaning, that Each of these layers of meaning needs to be discovered, studied and recognized. Anything that is considered the center of gravity in this way of decoding and plays a major role in discovering and interpreting the mysteries and hidden images in the anecdotes is the analysis of one of the important elements of storytelling, namely the characterization in these anecdotes. The use of symbolic confrontational characters is one of the important types of these characters that play a significant role in the allegorical anecdotes of Persian literature to induce secondary meanings that arise in the context of cultural, religious, social, historical, etc. Investigating and analyzing the symbolic role of confrontational allegorical characters in the form of three types of single, double and triple confrontation and discovering the hidden relationships of these characters with other narrative elements and matching them throughout the story with the main theme of the story can lead to the discovery of secondary meanings. And new anecdotes for the audience. The results of this division show the special functions of this type of contrast for specific topics that the authors have assigned each of these contrasts to specific topics related to that contrast. This article tries to analyze the confrontational characters in mystical and theological allegories with a (descriptive-analytical) method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Personalization practices in Barrey gomshodey Raii
yadolah Bahmani MotlaghThe main character of the story is one of the pillars without which it is not possible to create the story, but the story is one of the mechanisms capable of processing the element in the creation of an indelible mark shows author. Golshiri one of the outstanding works MoreThe main character of the story is one of the pillars without which it is not possible to create the story, but the story is one of the mechanisms capable of processing the element in the creation of an indelible mark shows author. Golshiri one of the outstanding works of contemporary novelists Sahbsbk is left behind.Barrey gomshodey Raei is one of tall tales, his effective elastic and which reflects the frustration of intellectuals in the late fifty's. This effect is prominent character in literature, this paper is to explore methods of characterization analytical methods the author has tried to achieve this effect. The results indicated that different methods Golshiri with familiar characters and story of each size and convenience and space is used. Old often choose names that are prominent religious color.Characterization, setting, dialogue and serve the story. Stream of consciousness style is evident in all parts of the story. Rmzgvngy of the main points of the story and the author has tried truth behind the contemporary socio-political atmosphere of the past have been perceived symbolic. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Sociology of characters in the novel The Blind Owl by Sadegh Hedayat
Farhad Tahmasebi -
Open Access Article
10 - The evolution of personality and characterizations in the three novels selected by the war (holy defense) of the sixties to ninety
Ali Mohammadian Jahanger Safari Esmail SadegeWith the outbreak of the imposed war, a literary style especially war novel was attained, which has experienced a lot of ups and downs during 60-90 decades. As during these 3 decades having a positive thinking view, suspicion and in between by their authors to the pheno MoreWith the outbreak of the imposed war, a literary style especially war novel was attained, which has experienced a lot of ups and downs during 60-90 decades. As during these 3 decades having a positive thinking view, suspicion and in between by their authors to the phenomenon of war, considering the element of the story, especially characters’ technique and characterization has evolved through a changing trend. With an eye to the significance of the important story element and studying its changing trend, resurrection machine" in the essay, which each represent a decade, this story element has been analyzed. The authors of the novels choosing the considered characters and people as the story characters, creating the story coherence, has tangibly shown hidden points of these characters and their society they have taken advantage of 2 direct descriptive or indirect performing methods or both in speech, behavior, description, appearance and name, as well. Findings show the characters in the story in the first decade are more stereotypical and typical. Meanwhile the characters in the story, in the next 2 decades have enjoyed dynamism and comprehensiveness. The war novels in 80 decades have been more successful in characterization and have paid more attention to the elements of speech and behavior in indirect characterization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Characterization in the Story of Foroud
Mahsa Komaraj Meysam Mohajer -
Open Access Article
12 - Characteristics of characterization in three stories of the great Alavi, Jamalzadeh, Al-Ahmad
fatemeh kaabasl navazollah farhadi The character as the most important element of the story from the past has had significant changes in terms of features and how to introduce it in the story. In the post-Constitutional literature, the short story was created with the presence of real More The character as the most important element of the story from the past has had significant changes in terms of features and how to introduce it in the story. In the post-Constitutional literature, the short story was created with the presence of real characters and not the legendary heroes, and the novices chose their story from ordinary people and created a significant transformation in storytelling. In this study, three stories of Mirza, Vilean al-Dawlah and Aftabe labe bam were reviewed for characterization, and we concluded that Alavi and Jamalzadeh introduced the characters through the description, but glory of other techniques such as action and dialogue use he does. Also, the characters of Jalal Al-Ahmad are more familiar to the reader than the characters of Alavi and Jamalzadeh. Alawi has created a political personality that has a behavioral complexity and is typical of the type. Vilean al-Dawla Jamalzadeh can also be considered a symbol of displaced people, but the characters are simple glories. The other result is that the character of Mirza and the characters of Al-Ahmad is apart from the mother of the family,are static , but Vilanah Al-Dula Jamalzadeh and mother of the story of Jalal are dynamic. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - The Function of Language in Characterization as Applied in Sadeq Hedayat’s Short Stories
Fateme Heydari Nasrin NaseriOne of the touchstones to appraise the value and the durability of literary fiction is the appropriateness between the function of language and its users, i.e. fictional characters. Language has a close relationship with the paralinguistic and social propositions such a MoreOne of the touchstones to appraise the value and the durability of literary fiction is the appropriateness between the function of language and its users, i.e. fictional characters. Language has a close relationship with the paralinguistic and social propositions such as social status, age, gender, education, environment, job and hierarchy of authority. Sadeq Hedayat’s works are the inherent part of Iranian contemporary fiction. As the title of this paper may suggest, his works are worth to be studied in that sense. This paper explores, through an analytic-descriptive approach, the relationship between the function of language and Hedayat’s characters while considering the paralinguistic and social propositions. It also argues that Hedayat has been aware of the paralinguistic and social propositions and successful in applying them in characterization of his stories. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - “ Molanas gonsis removals from khoran story elements of ololazm prophets in masnavi “
Mohmmad Reza Sangari Leyla hajikh -
Open Access Article
15 - Investigation, analysis and allegorical reading of the main characters of Suvashoon novel by Simin Daneshvar
Zahra Shooriabi mahdi novrooz batool Fakhre Eslam Farzad AbbasiAllegory is used as one of the most important literary tools to express various lyrical, didactic, epic, mystical and ... concepts. This level of flexibility has led to the persistence of the role of allegory in the field of literature, so that we see its use in the fie MoreAllegory is used as one of the most important literary tools to express various lyrical, didactic, epic, mystical and ... concepts. This level of flexibility has led to the persistence of the role of allegory in the field of literature, so that we see its use in the field of contemporary Persian fiction. In the meantime, Simin Daneshvar's novel Suvashoon has mystical and allegorical layers that have added to its semantic complexities. In this research, with reference to library sources and descriptive-analytical method, an attempt has been made to study and explore the primary and secondary intentions of Simin Daneshvar in the novel Suvashoon to answer the question that the characters Zari, Yousef, Sir Jenet Zinger and Sohrab Malek, What are allegories of people and what concepts were created to explain them? The results of the research show that in this novel, the golden character is an allegory of Simin Daneshvar, the female gender and the country of Iran. Yusuf's character is an allegory of the intellectual class, especially Jalal Al-Ahmad, Mohammad Mosaddegh, Imam Hussein and Siavash. Also, the character of Sir Jenet Zinger is an allegory of colonialism and the character of Sohrab Malek is an allegory of confrontation with patriarchal society. The use of Persian and Semitic myths to cultivate allegories has been prominent. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Investigating Simorgh Characterization in Epic and Gnosticism
Farahnaz Farhadi ali asghar halabiPersian myths, represented in the traditional, epic and gnostic texts for years, serve as the best model for analysis of characters due to their undergoing remarkable changes, their genuineness and their justifying power. “Simorgh” should be considered as th MorePersian myths, represented in the traditional, epic and gnostic texts for years, serve as the best model for analysis of characters due to their undergoing remarkable changes, their genuineness and their justifying power. “Simorgh” should be considered as the most distinguished example that fully reflects Iranian myths due to its sacred, mysterious and multifaceted nature: Contemporary mythologist, Joseph Campbell, believes that phoenix will change into a creature to be so easily followed by human beings. The study at hand focuses on the chronology of changes in personality of phoenix in transition from epic to Gnosticism. Hence, the elements of personality and the words and deeds of the legendary bird was investigated, while contemplating on what is attributed to it or the way it is described. The findings of this research introduce simorgh as a multifaceted personality, which can be called as the “Fertility-Renaissance” hero or Goddess.Keywords: Simorgh, Epic, Gnosticism, Elements of Characterization Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Investigation of the aesthetics of the element of imagination in the characterization of the giant based on 2 fantasy fiction works "Asrar al-Ghulan DVD" "Kind Giant" based on Freud's theory
nazita barzegar Shahrokh Hekmat alisarvar yaghobiAbstract: In the fiction literature of children and teenagers, the importance of fantasy and the influence of imagination has a special place. Considering the beauty of the components of imagination in creating an effective work, it shows the mental ability and the powe MoreAbstract: In the fiction literature of children and teenagers, the importance of fantasy and the influence of imagination has a special place. Considering the beauty of the components of imagination in creating an effective work, it shows the mental ability and the power of visualization in creating artistic effects that the author uses audience knowledge in the process of imagination to plan challenging and attractive situations through characterizations and The staging deals with it.In processing the imagination in the work of art, writers will be successful if they choose wisely and act purposefully.In this research, the author aims to analyze the aesthetics of imagination components in the characterization of the giant in two novels, The Great Kind Ghul by Roald Dahl and DVD Asrar al-Ghul by Mohammad Reza Marzouqi, in the form of content analysis and based on the psychological theory of imagination and characterization. Freud and with a documentary-library method, investigate and deal with the effect and importance of the role of imagination in the story and it can be concluded that the authors who have paid attention to the aesthetics of the imagination components in their work by increasing the quality of the story, attract the audience. have also been successful. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Characterization of Women in “Herus” Novel
Monireh Heydari Hossein Parsaei Hesam ZiaeeThe purpose of this study was to review the characterizations of women in “Herus” novels. Choosing the right characters, with their unique traits and abilities, is one of the most important storytelling techniques. The characters in the novel or the story ar MoreThe purpose of this study was to review the characterizations of women in “Herus” novels. Choosing the right characters, with their unique traits and abilities, is one of the most important storytelling techniques. The characters in the novel or the story are the people who play a role in their actions and speech. This paper, in a descriptive-analytic way, examined the personalities and characterizations of women in the “Herus” novel of Nasim Marashi, in their various dimensions. In this story, Marashi narrated the fate of a war-torn family over a long period of time (from the beginning of the war and after) using multiple narrative spaces. The results suggested that the mental space reflected the characters and the pain they felt in their minds and hearts through the irreparable damage of war. Most female characters in this story were dynamic because during the events of war, life's hopes and excitement, and the energies of constructive and creativity, lost their color in the characters, and caused changes in them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Indirect characterization techniques in the novel "Kiss God on the Moon"
safoura moslehiEvery novice or skilled writer while writing a story, in order to create their own fictional characters and also to identify them, consciously or unconsciously turns to characterization and with the help of its various methods, features and It depicts the inner and oute MoreEvery novice or skilled writer while writing a story, in order to create their own fictional characters and also to identify them, consciously or unconsciously turns to characterization and with the help of its various methods, features and It depicts the inner and outer characteristics of the characters in their story.The novel "Kiss God on the Moon" is one of the outstanding works that has been written in recent years. The purpose of this article was to investigate the indirect characterization methods in the mentioned novel. The research method is descriptive-analytical and the data have been analyzed using content analysis method. The findings of this study indicate that in this work, the element of dialogue and in the following categories of description of "behavior and actions" and "appearance", "tone and environment" play the most important role in indirect characterization. SlowlyKeywords: characterization, novel, kiss God on the moon..Keywords: characterization, novel, kiss God on the moon.. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Comparative Study of Characterization and Theme in Missing Slouch and The Grapes of Wrath
Sayed Reza EbrahimiEconomical predicaments have always been a suitable basis for social changes and transformations. Literary authors who have not recognized themselves apart from people and society‟s progress for change have tried to record the social events and serve their duty as a so MoreEconomical predicaments have always been a suitable basis for social changes and transformations. Literary authors who have not recognized themselves apart from people and society‟s progress for change have tried to record the social events and serve their duty as a social writer. The important point in studying the relationship between literature and society is similarities in which different authors from different cultures have responded the same reaction to the similar social upheavals. White Revolution in Iran, for example, and its unsuccessful results has been depicted by Mahmud Dollatabadi, famous Iranian novelist. He shows a realistic literary account of this social-economical change to reflect its unsuccessful consequences in his novel Missing Slouch. On the other hand, John Steinbeck, well-known American novelist and literature noble prize winner, has written a novel in a very critical period of American history called The Great Depression. His novel is one the best literary record of this social-economical process. Social, economical and political similarities of these two events, White Revolution and The Great Depression, prove the similar way of thinking and approaching among writers to mirror the hidden realities of their society. Also, it proves the collective unconscious of human beings in dealing with ups and downs. This paper aims at, first, studying the common social and political origins of above mentioned events. Second, the common themes and characterization in Missing Slouch and The Grapes of Wrath are studied from Marxist point of view to prove the similarities found in two novels resulted from the common viewpoint and collective unconscious of the writers. The paper focuses on appreciating common themes, similarities in creating and developing the characters, changes in traditional structure of social unions to show the role of literature in recording and illustrating social processes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Stylish Study of “The Eagle” by Khanlari, from the View Point of Language Literature and Thought Characteristics
Nafise Nik KhahPaviz Natel Khanlari is one of the prominent faces of the persio culture and literature in the contemporary periods. The most selected poetical collection of Khanlari is "The Moon in lagoon" and the most well-known his poem is a poetical song with the title of "eagle" i MorePaviz Natel Khanlari is one of the prominent faces of the persio culture and literature in the contemporary periods. The most selected poetical collection of Khanlari is "The Moon in lagoon" and the most well-known his poem is a poetical song with the title of "eagle" in 1318 which consists of new understanding from the old narrative in form of Mathnavi (couplet poet) pattern. This poem possesses eloquence and lingual characteristics and unique characterization which has distinguished that from other poems. Furthermore, the mental atmosphere dominant on this work includes expressing powers which had ever been in struggle within Khanlari and sometimes one had preference over the other, but he couldn’t t never reject truth and humanity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - The Comparative Survey of Social Utopia in Gholamhossein Saeidi’s Tatar-e-Khandan and Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World from Chaos Theory Viewpoint
Saeid RahimipourComparative literature by placing the individuals together, their thoughts and works have made intellectuality beyond the boundaries of literature. In this research, two works of two authors from two far away parts of the world hinging on novel elements have been compar MoreComparative literature by placing the individuals together, their thoughts and works have made intellectuality beyond the boundaries of literature. In this research, two works of two authors from two far away parts of the world hinging on novel elements have been compared with regard to characterization and setting to come up with the commonalities and differences regarding the existential utopia and its illustration. Saeidi deploying a character threatened by hues and cries of cities take refuge in Tatar-e-khandan village and Huxley’s hero takes back from the complex welfare life style to the real world. They both from the view point of utopia among the pains and sufferings create heroes on the line of achieving their intended themes. The introduction of mental images, setting, and existential philosophy of the characters and their settings as well as their inner and outer struggle and their revelation from the chaos theory viewpoint has been the target of this research to introduce their commonalities through the dominant novel genre and the go togetherness of the west and the east writers. The research reveals the social utopia of the two writers from chaos theory view point. Manuscript profile -
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23 - شرح زبانشناختی تحول قهرمان خوشه های خشم
بهرام بهین زهرا صادقیرمان به عنوان ژانر ادبی مدرن معمولاً تجلی سیر شخصیت اصلی اثر از نابالغی به بلوغ تلقی می شود. شخصیت اصلی رمان که در ابتدا فرد ساده ای است که در مقابله با پیچیدگی های زندگی ناتوان است به تدریج فهم و ادراک حاصل می کند تا متعاقباً به شکلی درخور عمل کند. عموماً در نقد ادبی و Moreرمان به عنوان ژانر ادبی مدرن معمولاً تجلی سیر شخصیت اصلی اثر از نابالغی به بلوغ تلقی می شود. شخصیت اصلی رمان که در ابتدا فرد ساده ای است که در مقابله با پیچیدگی های زندگی ناتوان است به تدریج فهم و ادراک حاصل می کند تا متعاقباً به شکلی درخور عمل کند. عموماً در نقد ادبی و نقد زبانشناختی ادبیات اتفاق نظر وجود دارد که شناخت شخصیت می بایست با توجه به عناصر متن رمان صورت گیرد (برای مثال ر.ک. فاولر 1977 و 1996، پک و کویل 2002). در این مقاله، زبان تام جود یعنی شخصیت اصلی رمان خوشه های خشم جان استاین بک تجزیه و تحلیل می شود تا روشن شود که چگونه وی از یک کارگر مزرعه ی سهل انگار جوان به مصلح اجتماعی آینده نگر بدل می شود. به دلیل رویکرد زبانشناختی به مطالعه ی ادبیات در این مقاله، زبانشناسی نقشگرای هلیدی چارچوب تحلیل بوده است. نتایج حاصل از این مطالعه می تواند در تدریس زبان انگلیسی از طریق ادبیات مفید باشد. Manuscript profile -
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24 - تحلیل استعاره در شاهنامه: دیدگاه های زیبایی شناختی، تصویری، بلاغی و زبان شناختی
Roghayeh Karimzadeh Naghshineh Lucie Ghazaryanفردوسی، شاعر ایرانی اهل توس، با استفاده از ابزار تصویر، شرایط، لحظه ها، رفتارها، زیبایی های جسمانی و جنبه های مختلف طبیعت و زندگی را آن گونه که هست به تصویر می کشد. ته رنگ حماسی در بیشتر این تصاویر قابل تشخیص است. بر این اساس، هدف این مقاله بررسی انواع استعاره در شاهنام Moreفردوسی، شاعر ایرانی اهل توس، با استفاده از ابزار تصویر، شرایط، لحظه ها، رفتارها، زیبایی های جسمانی و جنبه های مختلف طبیعت و زندگی را آن گونه که هست به تصویر می کشد. ته رنگ حماسی در بیشتر این تصاویر قابل تشخیص است. بر این اساس، هدف این مقاله بررسی انواع استعاره در شاهنامه فردوسی است. واژه ها و عبارات خاصی مانند ماه، سرو، نرگس، گل، شیر، پلنگ، غبارآلود کردن چیزی، دو نیم کردن قلب و جوش در معانی استعاری آنها به کرات به کار می رود. پس از جایگاه آنها در شاهنامه، دیگران کمتر مورد استفاده قرار می گیرند، به عنوان مثال، گورخر درنده، دیو غول پیکر، فندق، خرمای سرخ، مرجان های گرانبها، و بدهی به خرد. این مقاله به تبیین معانی این واژه ها و اصطلاحات و نوع استعاره در هر مورد می پردازد تا شاهنامه را از دیدگاه های مختلف از جمله زیبایی شناسی، تصویرسازی، فصاحت و زبان شناسی بیشتر روشن کند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Types of Characterization in Shahnameh Ferdowsi
Yousef Nikrouz Mohammad Hadi AhmadianiCharacter and plot are the most important elements of fiction. The fundamental corner stone of every literary work both in old and new fiction is character. In other words in a fiction without a character there would be no actions. In stories characters are dealt with i MoreCharacter and plot are the most important elements of fiction. The fundamental corner stone of every literary work both in old and new fiction is character. In other words in a fiction without a character there would be no actions. In stories characters are dealt with in two ways direct or indirect. Shahnameh can be regarded as a fictional work teemed with characters and its uniqueness owes itself largely to the fact that Ferdowsi paid his utmost attention to create characters. Through characterization, the characteristics, temperaments, ideologies and other features of a character is revealed to the reader. This research therefore is an attempt to analyze Ferdowsi’s point of view towards characters and study types of characterization employed by him. Manuscript profile
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