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Open Access Article
1 - The effect of corporate governance on financial risk of Iranian holding companies
Saeid Khodamoradi mohammad abrahim Raei EzabadiHolding companies are one of the main factors in economic development of each country. Corporate governance can affect these companies from different aspects. Financing plan as a related subject in implementing development plans is very important. Therefore, the aim of MoreHolding companies are one of the main factors in economic development of each country. Corporate governance can affect these companies from different aspects. Financing plan as a related subject in implementing development plans is very important. Therefore, the aim of this research is to investigate the relationship between corporate governance and financial risk of holding companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange during 2009-2013. For measuring corporate governance, we use ownership concentration, institutional ownership, size of board and board independency. For measuring financial risk we use debt ratio. The population of this research is 83 active holding companies listed in TSE. The results confirm a significant but negative relationship between institutional ownership and financial risk. Other variables didn’t have any significant relationship with financial risk. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Effective factors on abnormal return of IPO in Tehran stock exchange
منصور گرکز حمیدرضا وکیلی فرد اکتای یمرعلیIn this research, the effective factors on abnormal return of IPO companies inTehran Stock Exchange from 1990 until 2007 have been studied. So, for this westudied 73 qualified companies according to elimination method and studied them forperiods pf 12 and 24 months afte MoreIn this research, the effective factors on abnormal return of IPO companies inTehran Stock Exchange from 1990 until 2007 have been studied. So, for this westudied 73 qualified companies according to elimination method and studied them forperiods pf 12 and 24 months after entrance to stock exchange. Amazing six variablesof firm size, ownership type forecast error of earnings per share return on equity netprofit margin ratio and debt to net assets ratio , just return on equity (adversely) anddebt to net assets ratio (directly) had a meaning full relationship with abnormal return.But, in general, the analysis of multivariate regression showed that every sixindependent variable have the ability of justifying the 13.7 percent of abnormal returnat the time. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - The relationship between futures and cash market price of gold coins
بهزاد فکاری سردهایی اکبر میرزاپور علی صیامی مصطفی کجوریAbstractThe aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between spot and futures priceof gold coins in Iran and how market information spread between these markets, andanalysis between changes in cash and futures price volatility is the daily gold coins. Dailyd MoreAbstractThe aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between spot and futures priceof gold coins in Iran and how market information spread between these markets, andanalysis between changes in cash and futures price volatility is the daily gold coins. Dailydata for the future price of gold coins collected in 2012 from Iran Mercantile Exchange,has been used. To examine the relationship between spot price and futures price of goldcoins multiple regression models, vector Autoregressive , GARCH and Granger causalitytest is used. The results showed that changes in futures and spot coin price does not havea significant relation in the VAR model and multiple regression , But the spot and futuresprice volatility have an effective relationship. Granger causality tests also showed there isa relation from the spot price to the futures price changes. But the spot price and futuresprice volatility results indicate that this is Duplex relationship between markets, there isinformation flow between the two markets as a perfect. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
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بهنام قربانی فرد -
Open Access Article
5 - The Influence of Organizational Climate’s Dimensions on Fulfilling of the Brand Promise(Case Study: Maskan Bank)
B. Ghorbanifard Sh. Hashemnia S. Sh. MosaviThe Customers loyalty on a brand is dependent on their trust. Also the customers trust influenced by fulfilling the promises which brand owners deliver to their customers. According to importance of the subject, this study reviews the influence of organizational climate MoreThe Customers loyalty on a brand is dependent on their trust. Also the customers trust influenced by fulfilling the promises which brand owners deliver to their customers. According to importance of the subject, this study reviews the influence of organizational climate’s dimensions on fulfilling of the brand promise. The purpose of this study is identifying the effective organizational climate variables on fulfilling the promises which brand owners deliver to their customers. The statistical population of this study comprised the entire Maskan Bank’s employees in Alborz province which were selected some people among them randomly. In order to collect data the standard questioners are used. The data analyzed by Spearman Correlation Coefficient and Multiple Regression. The finding of study showed that the organizational commitment, employees received bonuses, teamwork in organizations, organizational structure and organizational communication have significant relationship to fulfill the promises and among these variables of the three variables such as: organizational commitment, employees received bonuses and organizational communication can entry into the regression equation, which can impact on this variable directly. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Estimation of Forest Canopy Using Remote Sensing and Geostatistics (Case Study: Marivan Baghan Forests)
Sasan Vafaei Rahim Maleknia Hamed Naghavi Omid FathizadehBackground and Objective: Updated information in quantitative and qualitative properties of forests are useful in describing ecosystem sustainability, and designing management and conservative plans. According to importance of canopy cover parameter in the Zagros region MoreBackground and Objective: Updated information in quantitative and qualitative properties of forests are useful in describing ecosystem sustainability, and designing management and conservative plans. According to importance of canopy cover parameter in the Zagros region and cost and time consuming processes of field measurement methods, in this study performance of remote sensing and geostatistics techniques to estimate forest canopy cover of Baghan region, Marivan city, were investigated.Material and Methodology: First, the number of 89 plots (each 0.1 Hectare) were selected based on random sampling method. In each plot, information of tree crown and center geographic coordinates of that plot were recorded. Remote sensing method was carried out using Landsat satellite images (TM) and multiple linear regression model. After image processing, spectral values of the corresponding field plots were extracted from the original images and synthetic bands composed of vegetation indices and principle component analysis. In geostatistic method, the estimation was performed using ordinary kriging from a fitted exponential model to the semivariogram.Findings: The calculated variograms of canopy cover showed relatively strong spatial autocorrelation fitted by exponential models and cross-validation results showed an unbiased estimation of canopy estimation. Compared with the remote sensing method (with R2= 0/52 and RMSE= 16/47), the results indicated that Kriging model (RMSE= 9.21, R2= 0.69) showed a more accurate estimation of forest canopy cover.Discussion and Conclusion: The results showed that geostatistics techniques can be used as an efficient tool for mapping the forest canopy in the same regions (Zagros Forest). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Evaluation of Artificial Neural Network and Multiple Nonlinear Regression Modeling for the determination of Dissolved Organic Carbon
Taher Ahmadzadeh Naser Mehrdadi Mojtaba Ardestani Akbar BaghvandAbstract Background and Objective: Monitoring of organic carbon in water resources is a critical quality index in environmental management, water quality monitoring and drinking water projects. In this study, the performance and applicability of artificial neural networ MoreAbstract Background and Objective: Monitoring of organic carbon in water resources is a critical quality index in environmental management, water quality monitoring and drinking water projects. In this study, the performance and applicability of artificial neural network and multiple nonlinear regression modeling were investigated and optimized for the prediction of dissolved organic carbon. Method: Optimization was performed using backward elimination method with the highest probable correlation coefficient and minimum number of input parameters. Findings: Model verification showed a good agreement between the predicted organic carbon and actual observations. Results showed the acceptable performance of neural network model with the mean absolute error percentage of 7.6% and correlation coefficient of 0.91. Discussion and Conclusion: Further investigations unveiled that although the multiple regression model, with mean absolute error percentage of 8.4% and correlation coefficient of 0.89, seems to be less appealing but its fast run-time and better performance in critical conditions makes it a better choice for the prediction of organic carbon in aqueous solotions with high range of qualitative changes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - ارتقای کیفیت فضاهای عمومی شهری راهبردی در شکلگیری همبستگی اجتماعی (نمونهموردی: محوطه پیرامونی ارگ کریمخان، شهر شیراز)
علیرضا عبدالهزاده فرد -
Open Access Article
9 - Investigating vegetation of saline lands around Urmia Lake using satellite images
Ahmad Ahmadi Mohammad Reza Tatian Reza Tamrtash Hassan Yeganeh Younes AsriTThis study aims to survey vegetation canopy cover of saline lands around Urmia lake using satellites data in 2014. This study was conducted in the area about 353150 hectares in saline lands around Urmia lake. In this study, various pre-processing including geometric co MoreTThis study aims to survey vegetation canopy cover of saline lands around Urmia lake using satellites data in 2014. This study was conducted in the area about 353150 hectares in saline lands around Urmia lake. In this study, various pre-processing including geometric correction using topographic maps and atmospheric correction was the dark object subtraction. Field data was collected in 1393.Samplings were done in plant units with stratified random sampling method. In this study, multiple regression was used to examine the relationship between variables. In this model, first by calculating the correlation matrix, the presence or absence of collinearity between the independent variables (vegetation indices and bonds) was studied. In this study, the best model was chosen due to the higher value of R2.On the selected model several variables have been chosen from among all independent variables and were introduced as the most important factors in determinig the vegetation cover map of the study area. Finally the produced maps and sampling points were controlled in order to validate the accuracy of results. The results showed that the indices of MIRVI, PD312, PD322, TVI, VNIRI, INFRARED, MID-IR-INDEX and bounds of b2, b3, b5, b6 have significant correlation at the 5% level with the field data and by using backward regression models the canopy cover map of vegetation was estimated. According to results much of saline lands around Urmia lake have canopy cover of 0-20 percent therefore we concluded that the rangelands in the region are not in good condition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Evaluating effects of various physiographic factors and distance from road on timber marking using multiple linear regression model
Hamid Jalilvand Maryam Niknejad Mohammad HejazianOne of the forest management tools which has a direct impact on the qualitative and quantitative characteristics is timber marking. In order to evaluate the effects of physiographic factors of land and road forms on timber marking for the logging, the multiple linear re MoreOne of the forest management tools which has a direct impact on the qualitative and quantitative characteristics is timber marking. In order to evaluate the effects of physiographic factors of land and road forms on timber marking for the logging, the multiple linear regression model was used in the Forestry Plan Series 2 in the seventh zone of forestry plans of Nekachoub Company, Mazandaran province. For this purpose, the location of marked trees was determined using GPS in a plot with an area of 215 hectares. Then, maps of marked trees, altitude, aspect and slope percent, soil and distance from the road were prepared in GIS environment using these points and digital elevation model of study area. To understand the relationship between factors and marked trees, the multiple linear model was used. So, maps of mentioned factors and marked tree's location were entered into the regression model as independent and dependent variables, respectively. The model results showed that the timber marking activity was done more in the areas with low altitude, gentle slope and deep soils on northern and eastern directions near the forest road as compared to the other areas. Timber marking is affected by some physiographic factors, and such elements as slope or adjacency to the road may make the timber marker to interfere in these areas and avoid working in the areas with higher slope or away from the road; it leads to an uneven interventions throughout the forest as well as an unbalanced reclamation of forest structure. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - تحلیل عوامل مؤثر بر رضایتمندی شهروندان از مدیریت شهری با استفاده از روشهای تحلیل عاملی و رگریسون چندگانه(مطالعه موردی: شهر سقز)
علی زنگی آبادی محسن ییلاقی بهزاد محمدی -
Open Access Article
12 - آنالیز منطقه ای جریانهای کمینه در حوزههای آبخیز کرخه و کارون
هدایت الله زرین فرود شریفی مهدی وفاخواهدر طراحی و اجرای پروژههای آبی کوچک در کشور، عمدتا به برآورد سیل توجه شده است و به مساله خشک سالی در برنامه ریزی منابع آب، کمتر اهمیت داده شده است. در این تحقیق به منظور برآورد جریان کمینه، از آمار موجود 28 ایستگاه هیدرومتری در حوزههای کرخه و کارون که دارای شرایط مناسب Moreدر طراحی و اجرای پروژههای آبی کوچک در کشور، عمدتا به برآورد سیل توجه شده است و به مساله خشک سالی در برنامه ریزی منابع آب، کمتر اهمیت داده شده است. در این تحقیق به منظور برآورد جریان کمینه، از آمار موجود 28 ایستگاه هیدرومتری در حوزههای کرخه و کارون که دارای شرایط مناسب از نظر طول دوره آماری بودند، استفاده شد. سپس منحنی تداوم جریان برای هر کدام از ایستگاهها ترسیم گردید ومقادیر دبی جریانهای کمینه مورد نیاز آنها استخراج گردید. به منظور تعیین مهمترین عوامل مؤثر بر جریان کمینه، 21 پارامتر مؤثر بر جریان کمینه مانند پارامترهای فیزیوگرافی، اقلیمی و زمین شناسی به وسیله سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی برآورد گردید. با استفاده از روش تجزیه و تحلیل عاملی، عواملی که کمترین هم بستگی را با هم نشان دادند، انتخاب شدند. این عوامل به ترتیب اهمیت، شامل شیب متوسط حوزه، مساحت، ارتفاع متوسط حوزه، ضریب گراولیوس و شیب آبراهه اصلی بوند، که 1/80 درصد از تغییرات در دادههای اصلی را توضیح می دهند. در ادامه، تحلیل منطقه ای به روش رگرسیون چند گانه برای به دست آوردن روابطی بین جریان کمینه و ویژگیهای حوزه آبخیز صورت گرفت. در نهایت به منظور مقایسه و ارزیابی صحت مدلهای برآوردی، اطلاعات 9 ایستگاه شاهد مورد استفاده قرار گرفت و مقادیر دبی جریان کمینه بر اساس مدلهای به دست آمده و با مقادیر متکی بر ایستگاههای شاهد، مقایسه گردید و در نهایت، نتایج نشان دادند که مدلهای به دست آمده در این منطقه، در سطح معنی داری 99 درصد، قابل قبول می باشند. در نهایت بررسی جریانهای کمینه و تهیه مدلهای منطقه ای جریانهای کمینه، در مقیاس سراسری، برای برنامه ریزی مدیریت آبی کشور و استفاده از سایر خصوصیات مؤثر بر روی جریانهای کمینه، مانند درصد پوشش گیاهی یا شاخصهای مربوط به خاک شناسی و کاربری اراضی و در نهایت بررسی اثرات تغییر اقلیم بر جریانهای کمینه، پیشنهاد می گردد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - The Perspective of Female National Hero Athlete about Gender Inequality in Sport
Masoumeh Nazari azad Akbar Talebpour Majid KashaniConsideration of gender inequality among female athletes is considered as one of the grounds for discovering women's interest in sports.The present study uses theories in this field such as theories; gender socialization, gender inequalities, sociology in the form of co MoreConsideration of gender inequality among female athletes is considered as one of the grounds for discovering women's interest in sports.The present study uses theories in this field such as theories; gender socialization, gender inequalities, sociology in the form of consciousness of the thirty Wright Mills, Collins Contradiction Theory, Bloomberg Gender Inequality Theory, Chapters Gender Equality Theory, Gender Equity Theory and Physiological Barriers Theory is based on an analytical model to explain the perception of gender inequality in sport. Based on research model, independent variables, socio- Economic, values and norms Social, pattern of parents, type of exercise, women, women's education, using the media as dependent variables affecting the perception of inequality in sports were selected. The method of this study was to use a survey method among female athletes at the national and transnational level as a statistical population. 200 of them were selected as a statistical sample by random sampling. The research instrument was a questionnaire and its reliability was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha. The findings of the research were analyzed using multiple regression analysis and path analysis. Results of multiple regression analysis showed variables; socio-economic status, social values and norms, parental modeling, women's education and media use respectively The most effect on the dependent variable has been investigated and, in total, more than 48% of the variations of the function variable have been explained. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Analysis of Socio-economic Factors Affecting Happiness and Individual Labor Force Productivity: the case of Kermanshah Manufacturing Establishments
Shahram Fatahi Jahanghir Karami Mansour MohammadiradThe aim of this research is to study the socio-economic factors affecting happiness and its relationship with individual labor force productivity. The statistical population includes all of the employees who are working in the Kermanshah manufacturing establishments wit MoreThe aim of this research is to study the socio-economic factors affecting happiness and its relationship with individual labor force productivity. The statistical population includes all of the employees who are working in the Kermanshah manufacturing establishments with 50 employees or more. Each establishment was assigned as a layer, and the simple random sampling method was used. The data were gathered through the Oxford Happiness, individual and demographic produativity questionnaires and were analyzed using the software SPSS and Eviews. The results showed that the variables productivity, the number of children, psychological health, optimism, and ‘interest in work’ have a positive and significant relationship with happiness, but the variable monthly income has a negative relationship with happiness. Furthermore, it has been recognized that factors such as happiness, attending training classes, job satisfaction, job security, accepting job among family members, and faith in God have a positive and significant relationship with productivity. Finally, the hypothesis of equality of the means for the variables happiness and productivity has been accepted with regard to gender difference (male/female). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Economic Evaluation LTT-100A skidding system in upward
نجیبه Gilanipour حمید AryaIt is necessary to review and evaluate the operation of the system and determine appropriate methods forests due to topographic conditions are significant operational activities, products, transportation, and the road making the destructive activities of the Forest as t MoreIt is necessary to review and evaluate the operation of the system and determine appropriate methods forests due to topographic conditions are significant operational activities, products, transportation, and the road making the destructive activities of the Forest as the most expensive. In this study, Economic Evaluation to be considered LTT-100A skidding system upward. After field operation and time study, using the regression model, the model is proposed to predict skidding time. Among the components of each cycle skidding in Zetor, moving with load and moving empty most of the time per cycle and in the form of delays, technical delays included the most time. The model predicted the skidding time Zetor have meaningful skidding distance and slope. hourly production rate of 12/5 cubic meters per hour and the cost of producing these systems is achieved 119,795 rials per cubic meter. Because of the speed and its efficiency Zetor is low, thus in long intervals and in places where travel time is limited, use of this system is not recommended for skidding operations. But since the power of this machine is its high and rapid stabilization is done, the application of this system, is recommended to be combined with other systems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - ارتقای کیفیت فضاهای عمومی شهری راهبردی در شکلگیری همبستگی اجتماعی (نمونهموردی: محوطه پیرامونی ارگ کریمخان، شهر شیراز)
علیرضا عبدالهزاده فرد -
Open Access Article
17 - مقایسه کارآیی شبکه عصبی مصنوعی و رگرسیون چندگانه در پیشبینی وزن دنبه گوسفند
م.ع. نوروزیان م. وکیلی علویجهدر این مطالعه ارتباط بین وزن­های تولد، از شیرگیری و پایان پروار با وزن دنبه 69 رأس گوسفند بلوچی توسط روش­های شبکه عصبی مصنوعی و رگرسیون چندگانه بررسی شد. هر دو روش با دقت بالایی وزن دنبه را پیش­بینی کردند. هر چند که میانگین خطا به صورت معنی­داری در روش ش Moreدر این مطالعه ارتباط بین وزن­های تولد، از شیرگیری و پایان پروار با وزن دنبه 69 رأس گوسفند بلوچی توسط روش­های شبکه عصبی مصنوعی و رگرسیون چندگانه بررسی شد. هر دو روش با دقت بالایی وزن دنبه را پیش­بینی کردند. هر چند که میانگین خطا به صورت معنی­داری در روش شبکه عصبی مصنوعی کمتر از رگرسیون چندگانه بود. ضریب تعیین برآورد شده در روش شبکه عصبی مصنوعی (93/0) بالاتر از رگرسیون چندگانه (81/0) به دست آمد. استفاده از شبکه عصبی مصنوعی میانگین خطای استاندارد را 59 و ضریب تعیین را 15 درصد بهبود داد. به نظر می­رسد که بتوان با استفاده از شبکه عصبی مصنوعی وزن دنبه را از صفات وزن بدن پیش­بینی کرد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Analysis of Relationship between Rural Participation and Poverty (Case Study: Villages of Saravan District, Rasht County)
Majid Yasouri Seyedeh Fatemeh EmamiThe aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between rural partnership and poverty situation (in different social, economic and political aspects) in the rural district of Saravan, located in city of Rasht in Gilan province. Predictor variables in this sturd MoreThe aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between rural partnership and poverty situation (in different social, economic and political aspects) in the rural district of Saravan, located in city of Rasht in Gilan province. Predictor variables in this sturdy include partnership (in different social, political and physical service aspects), attitude towards partnership, the approach to partnership and criterion variable includes poverty in political aspects. The type of research is applied-developmental and the study method is documentary, analytical and survey.In order to complete the information, a questionnaire is used. In analytical method, each desired component is introduced according to the proposed theory. Accordingly, each component with multi-reagents identify the degree of partnership and its role in rural development; then, components of poverty in political, economic and social aspects and the relationship between these two variables of partnership and poverty is investigated using multiple regression model in SPSS software. The statistical population of the study is all rural households in Saravan. 370 samples were chosen using Morgan table. The results indicate that the issue of poverty in different dimensions and levels of partnership are related.It means that each unit increase in partnership, 0/728 units reduce in political dimensions of poverty, respectively. In other words, by increasing each of the partnership indexes, the partnership approach and attitude towards partnership in social, political and economic dimensions of poverty reduce too. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Investigating the Role of Enablers to Achieve Organizational Agility using Multiple Regression
Reza Ehtesham Rasi Omid Mehri NamakavaraniThe current study is aimed at investigating the role of agile enablers to achieve agility in Pegah Tehran Dairy Co. using multiple regression. In this study, a regression model was employed to achieve the ideal agility level, as well as analyze the effect of indicators MoreThe current study is aimed at investigating the role of agile enablers to achieve agility in Pegah Tehran Dairy Co. using multiple regression. In this study, a regression model was employed to achieve the ideal agility level, as well as analyze the effect of indicators and provide an optimal path to achieve agility. To this end, 96 questionnaires were distributed among the managers of Pegah Tehran Dairy Co., and the research tests were carried out by means of SPSS and Smart PLS software. The validity tests used in this research were average variance extracted (AVE) and the Lawshe test, respectively, with coefficients more than 0.5 and 0.8 for research variables. In fact, the resulting coefficients indicate the sufficient validity of the investigated questionnaire. Moreover, Cronbach’s alpha test was utilized to measure its reliability, with a coefficient of more than 0.7 for all dimensions of the questionnaire, exhibiting its reliability. The results revealed that the variables of automation and employees had the most effect, and the technology variable had the least one. Besides, to achieve an acceptable level of each of the dimensions of agility attributes, the key variable(s) extracted from the analysis of this research should be identified, and the desired results would be achieved by making changes to them. In this case, maximum efficiency can be achieved, and the agility level can be improved with minimum time and cost. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - ارائه مدلی برای شناسایی عوامل موثر بر قیمت آتی سکه به روش شبکه عصبی مصنوعی و مقایسه آن با مدلهای رگرسیونی
میلاد گودرزی بهزاد امیری -
Open Access Article
21 - Designing an entrepreneurship education model for the success of small and medium businesses
ali Shabani Kalate Molla Mohammadgholi Fereydoon azma parviz saeidi Tayebeh tajariThe main objective of this research is providing an entrepreneurship education model for small and medium-sized businesses. To this end, the dimensions and indicators were identified and the initial model was developed by examining the models and theories related to the MoreThe main objective of this research is providing an entrepreneurship education model for small and medium-sized businesses. To this end, the dimensions and indicators were identified and the initial model was developed by examining the models and theories related to the factors affecting the creation of entrepreneurship and exploratory interview with some experts. Then, the Delphi panel consisting of 20 experts was formed. The questionnaires were distributed and their opinions were analyzed. The result showed that entrepreneurship education for small and medium enterprises consists of the skill dimensions of IT, technical, entrepreneurial, and management. These dimensions consist of 47 indicators. Reliability of the questionnaire was obtained equal to 0.89 using SPSS software and Cronbach's alpha. Express Choice Software was used to determine the priority of each of the dimensions and indicators of the paired comparison technique. The results showed that entrepreneurial skills play the most important role in creating small and medium-sized businesses. In order to determine the effectiveness of the model, 384 samples were selected from the graduates and the final questionnaire was provided to them. In this case, the difference between the scores before and after training was considered as a dependent variable. Using SPSS software and multiple regression analysis, the positive relationship of entrepreneurship education was confirmed with IT, technical, entrepreneurship, and management skills. The results of modeling with Amos software also showed a positive and significant relationship between skills and entrepreneurship education. Manuscript profile
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