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Open Access Article
1 - Feasibility of using geothermal energy in building in order to reduce carbon dioxide pollutant emissions in environment (Case Study: Hamedan)
mahdi shaabanian mohammadhadi kaboli ali dehghanbanadaki leila zareBackground and Objective: The thermal behavior of underground buildings is different from that of above ground buildings. The approaching temperature of the inner layers of the earth to the average annual outdoor temperature reduces the heat exchange of these buildings MoreBackground and Objective: The thermal behavior of underground buildings is different from that of above ground buildings. The approaching temperature of the inner layers of the earth to the average annual outdoor temperature reduces the heat exchange of these buildings compared to buildings on the ground. Reducing energy consumption reduces greenhouse gas emissions. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of using geothermal energy in buildings to reduce carbon dioxide emissions in the city of Hamedan with cold climatic conditions in 2019. Method: The simulation was performed by using version 8-1-0 of Energy Plus software. In the model, a standard 900 Ashrae sample space with residential usage was considered. At first the building was located on the ground as default and its energy consumption was set to 0/424 MWh /m2. In later stages, the sample is gradually placed in depth in successive steps equal to 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 and 3 meters. Findings: findings showed that in each depth, 14.51%, 28.38%, 44.56%, 57.25%, 74.70% and 79.07% of the annual energy requirements of the sample space has been reduced. On the other hand, in each scenario, the carbon dioxide pollutant emissions as the main greenhouse gas, has been declined to 0.65, 1.27, 1.99, 2.57, 3.35 and 3.55 percent, respectively. Discussion and Conclusion: Therefore, It was concluded that Placement of buildings under the ground reduces carbon dioxide pollutant emissions in environment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Modeling of acid gases separation via ionic liquids and membrane and performance comparison between two different membrane
Behnam Beigi Nadia EsfandiariBackground and Objective: Natural gas produced from oil and gas wells often contains hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide, which are so-called “sour gasses”. Carbon dioxide (in large quantities) and hydrogen sulfide (even in small quantities) cause many probl MoreBackground and Objective: Natural gas produced from oil and gas wells often contains hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide, which are so-called “sour gasses”. Carbon dioxide (in large quantities) and hydrogen sulfide (even in small quantities) cause many problems during the transmission and consumption of natural gas. In this study, mathematical model for the separation of carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide from helium has been investigated with two different membrane species including a ceramic modulus and PEEK-L II and ionic liquids.Material and Methodology: The effect of material, diameter, pressure and temperature on separation efficiency has been investigated. The ionic liquid used in this study is [hemim] [BF4]. The ceramic and PEEK-L II was studied. The pressure and concentration during absorption is investigated. The concentration variations of carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide in ionic fluid were investigated in time.Findings: For a ceramic modulus, about 50 to 60% of the pressure drop occurs in the first 100 to 120 seconds. For the PEEK-L II modulus, in the first 30 seconds, about 50 to 60% of the pressure drop occurs due to gas absorption. The effect of temperature on the concentration of carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide at three temperatures of 25, 50 and 100 °C was investigated. As the temperature rises in the ceramic modulus, the amounts of carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide, passing through the membrane, increase.Discussion and Conclusion: As the time increases, the concentrations of carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide in the ionic fluid are increasing. With increasing temperature from 25 to 100 ° C, the amount of absorbed acidic gases into ionic liquid was increased. The PEEK-L II modules removed more acidic gases than the ceramic modules. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Comparing and Analyzing the Impact of Financial Development Indicators on Carbon Dioxide Emission during the Iranian Recession and Boom
sara marashi aliabadi fatemeh zandi khalil saeidi maryam lashkarizadeh bijan safaviBackground and Objective: Protecting the environment and providing solutions to improve the quality of the environment has required countries to conduct studies to study the factors affecting the environment. One of these factors is the financial development of countrie MoreBackground and Objective: Protecting the environment and providing solutions to improve the quality of the environment has required countries to conduct studies to study the factors affecting the environment. One of these factors is the financial development of countries, because economists have considered financial development as an important factor influencing environmental preferences, which varies according to business cycles.Method: The present study uses Markov-Switching method and time series data over the period 1394-1349 (1970- 2015) the effects of financial development using depth financial index, financial development efficiency index (privy) and fundamental financial development index (bank) has studied the environment in the economic periods of the Iranian economy.Findings: In this regard, the economic periods of the Iranian economy are extracted using the Markov-Swichig model and then in the framework of econometric models using ARDL, the effects of recession and boom in the economy. The relationship with financial development on environmental quality has been examined.Discussion and Conclusion: The results show that liquidity (financial depth index), in conditions of economic boom and recession, has led to reduction of environmental pollution in the country. Private-sector facilities (financial development efficiency index) have a positive and significant impact on the environment in terms of boom conditions, but under recessionary conditions, private-sector facilities do not have a significant impact on environmental pollution. Finally, the creditworthiness of banks (the underlying indicator of financial development) increases pollution in times of boom, but in a recession has reduced environmental pollution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Analysis of Ecological Carbon Footprint Resulting from Gasoline and Diesel Consumption in the Transportation Sector of Bandar Abbas
masoomeh shahnoori Rokhshad Hejazi Seyed Ali Jozi Seyed Mohammad Shobeiri Yousefali ZiariBackground and Objective: There is a disproportionate increase in the use of non-renewable fuel sources such as fossil fuels. Under such circumstances, a large amount of these fuels are consumed undesirable and wasted. The aim of this study is to determine the carbon fo MoreBackground and Objective: There is a disproportionate increase in the use of non-renewable fuel sources such as fossil fuels. Under such circumstances, a large amount of these fuels are consumed undesirable and wasted. The aim of this study is to determine the carbon footprint of gasoline and diesel consumption during 2016 in transportation sector in Bandar Abbas. Material and Methodology: Initially, the per capita fuel consumption of gasoline and diesel in the transportation sector in Bandar Abbas was estimated for one year. Fuel consumption in all vehicles was obtained through the energy balance sheet for 2016. Gasoline and diesel consumption in the transportation sector was measured in hectares of land needed to compensate for the pollution caused by it. After obtaining the ecological footprint, the required amount of forest land was multiplied by the equilibrium coefficient (1.26). Findings: One-year consumption of gasoline was 448.36 million liters and diesel consumption was 351.8 million liters. Carbon released from gasoline consumption is 286,496 and Carbon released from diesel consumption is equal to 257,193 tons. One hectare of forest land is needed to absorb every 1.8 tons of carbon Ecological footprint of gasoline consumption is 200,549 and per capita is 0.295 global hectares and ecological footprint of diesel consumption of Bandar Abbas population at the rate of 180,035 and per capita 0.265 global hectares. Discussion and Conclusion: According to the population of the city and its size, 1.488 hectares of land is allocated to each resident of the city. Land consumption of Bandar Abbas residents is 0.2 times more than the area of the city. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
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سیدمحمود خردمند اسماعیل اسماعیل زاده -
Open Access Article
6 - Studying the environmental pollution of industries in Iran using an input-output approach (Special Ccase: CO2)
Taghi Torabi Mohsen VaresiCurrent patterns of production and energy consumption depend heavily on combustion of fossil fuels. All the services and commodities produced in an economy are related -- directly or indirectly -- to energy consumption and therefore to the emission of air pollutants suc MoreCurrent patterns of production and energy consumption depend heavily on combustion of fossil fuels. All the services and commodities produced in an economy are related -- directly or indirectly -- to energy consumption and therefore to the emission of air pollutants such as carbon dioxide (the main cause of greenhouse effect and climatic changes). Generally speaking, the amount of CO2 emission depends on such factors as CO2 intensity, energy intensity, interactions between and among economy sectors, production-technology nexus, and the structure and level of final demand for the commodities of different sectors. The aim of this article is to identify the interactions between productive activities of the country’s industries in a given period of time (year 2001), intensity of energy consumption by these activities, and the resulting environmental impacts (specifically CO2 emissions). To this end, the input-output approach has been used to formulate a model for the calculation of the energy vector and CO2 intensity of industries so that one can rank industries by their level of pollution. The findings of the present article can be used for policy making regarding energy conservation, pollution control, and choice of appropriate production technique(s) for industries, considering environmental impacts. Furthermore, suitable prices could be set to control the final demand for the products of more pollutant sectors and thereby control air pollution with CO2. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Impact of Population Ageing on Environmental Pollution in Iran
Navid Kargar Dehbidi * Mohammad Hassan TarazkarAbstract Background and Objective: The world’s population is ageing and virtually every country in the world is experiencing growth in the number and proportion of older persons in its population. It is predicted that old population will double from 2015 to 2030 i MoreAbstract Background and Objective: The world’s population is ageing and virtually every country in the world is experiencing growth in the number and proportion of older persons in its population. It is predicted that old population will double from 2015 to 2030 in Iran. Actually, more than half of the world’s population lives in urban areas, and urbanization rate is over 70% in Iran. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of population ageing and urbanization on air pollution over the period of 1971 to 2013 in Iran. Method: In this study, based on the results of variables stationary, the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach was applied. Findings: The results revealed that the relationship between old population and CO2 emission per capita is inverted U-shaped and statistically significant, and CO2 emission initially increases with the increase of old population and then drops with the increase of old population. Moreover, the results imply that a relative increase in urbanization in the short and long terms is associated with the increase of CO2 emissions per capita. It was also found that gross domestic production and energy consumption per capita positively affect CO2 emissions per capita in the short and long terms. Technological advances have a significant positive effect on per capita CO2 emissions in the long term. Discussion and Conclusion: In this study, according to the urbanization coefficient which has the greatest influence on pollution emissions (3.63 in the long term), the measures should be taken by policymakers to minimize the damage of urbanization growth to the environment. In other words, urban development plans should be designed in harmony with the environmental issues. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - An approach towards designing a new sanitary landfill system for treatment of emissions from decomposition in urban gas network
mohammad javad zoqi Mohammad Reza DoostiBackground and Objective: The main components of landfill biogas are methane and carbon dioxide, both of which are greenhouse gases. Methane is a greenhouse gas with global warming potential of 21 times greater compared to CO2. In this paper, a new method is proposed fo MoreBackground and Objective: The main components of landfill biogas are methane and carbon dioxide, both of which are greenhouse gases. Methane is a greenhouse gas with global warming potential of 21 times greater compared to CO2. In this paper, a new method is proposed for landfilling to reduce landfill gas emissions and to prevent entry of air into the landfill. Method: This paper presents a new landfill design and system for air ingress prevention and landfill gas containment. In addition, in this paper Aspen Hysyssoftware was used for the dynamic simulation of separation of CO2 from landfill gas by adsorption process in the ethanolamine solution. Findings: The new system proffers more control over the biogas extraction and processes of anaerobic digestion than conventional landfills. In the new system, the landfill gas purification process becomes cheaper due to reduction of air ingress. Conclusion: The new system can be applied on tipycal landfills. Using this new system, biogas purification and exploitation will become economical in more landfills, and the increased use of biogas will result in greater use of renewable energy sources and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - The Effect of population growth, human capital and petroleum products on environmental pollution in Iran
Ali salmanpourAbstract Background and Objective: Survey environmental pollution is an important issue of environmental economics. Environmental pollution is the most important problem facing humanity in the present age. With increasing population, the rate of changes in the environme MoreAbstract Background and Objective: Survey environmental pollution is an important issue of environmental economics. Environmental pollution is the most important problem facing humanity in the present age. With increasing population, the rate of changes in the environment intensifies especially if the population does not have knowledge of how to protect the environment, this problem increases. The role of human resources in the production process and therefore the quality of the environment from the perspective of economic theory, have been significant changes over time. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of petroleum products, human capital and the population on environmental pollution in the Iranian economy during the 1357 to 1393. Method: In this study, Environmental pollution model is estimated by using an Auto Regressive Distributed Lag Model (ARDL), this model, CO2 emissions are considered as indicators of environmental pollution. Findings: The findings of the long-term model show Banerjee, Dorado and Master t-test, for models was -3.35 and long-term relationship between variables was confirmed. Including error correction model coefficients showed that 41.53 percent of imbalance is a period of adjustment in the next period. The model tries to adjust its medium speed. Discussion and Conclusion: The results show a positive relationship between oil consumption, population and national income on environmental pollution. The results showed a negative relationship between human capital and environmental pollution as well. Therefore, it is suggested by reducing the consumption of petroleum products subsidies and to encourage consumers to use clean energy reduce the amount of environmental pollution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Earth-Sheltered Building, an Idea Compatible with Environment
Fatemeh Akrami AbarghuieChemical pollution caused by the production of building materials, carbon dioxide emissions and particulate matter released into the air, including the major environmental pollution affecting the construction industry. Also a lot of fuel and natural resources consumes t MoreChemical pollution caused by the production of building materials, carbon dioxide emissions and particulate matter released into the air, including the major environmental pollution affecting the construction industry. Also a lot of fuel and natural resources consumes to provide heating and cooling of buildings, financing future of generations and the environment at risk. Moreover, the removal part of virgin land in certain areas and replace it with a special mass, disrupts the ecosystem of the region. Therefore, it is essential to design strategies in new buildings, with the aim of environmental harmony. So to achieve this aim, the design of the building with the idea of compatibility with the environment has long been considered among different communities. Earth-Sheltered Building such examples that follows energy idea for reducing building energy consumption. This study discusses how to organize the building and its environmental impacts associated with the environment is concerned. Depending on the capabilities this type of architecture to reduce the consumption of fuel and energy, as well as environmental compatibility, it can propose for contemporary architectural and urban purposes Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - THE EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF ENERGY ABSORBED AND MORPHOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF ABS.
احسان صائمیAbstract The Microcellular foams are a group of foams which have a lot of micro cells in the size of about 10 microns. In these foams, neutral gases (Nitrogen or Carbon dioxide) are used as a foaming material. Because of their small sizes, these foams have better mecha MoreAbstract The Microcellular foams are a group of foams which have a lot of micro cells in the size of about 10 microns. In these foams, neutral gases (Nitrogen or Carbon dioxide) are used as a foaming material. Because of their small sizes, these foams have better mechanical and physical properties (such as fatigue strength, yield strength and de-electrical and thermal properties) than non-foamed plastics. In this study, the mechanical properties of polystyrene microcellular foams have been studied. The rate of relative density, the size of the cells, the structure of the foams and yield and fatigue strength have been studied and measured. To achieve an optimal structure, the results show that temperature and time of foaming should be controlled carefully. This condition is in the temperature of about 100° c and the time of 100 second. Also, the tensile strength of the foamed sample has been reduced and the rate of energy absorption has been significantly increased. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - A review of the effects of drought stress on plants and some effective strategies in crop management
Amin Fathi Abbas Maleki Rahim NaseriThe world is facing major challenges such as climate change, floods, population growth and a variety of environmental stress. All of this can directly or indirectly affect agriculture. Drought is one of the most important abiotic stresses and a limiting factor in the su MoreThe world is facing major challenges such as climate change, floods, population growth and a variety of environmental stress. All of this can directly or indirectly affect agriculture. Drought is one of the most important abiotic stresses and a limiting factor in the successful production of plant products around the world and has adverse effects on the morphological and physiological activities of plants. Adaptation to the effects of drought stress is the result of changes in growth, physiological and biochemical mechanisms that cause changes in growth rate, stomatal conductance, photosynthetic process and enzymatic activities of plants. Drought stress disrupts photosynthesis in plants and gradually reduces carbon dioxide uptake due to closed pores. In addition, drought stress affects the stability of cell membranes and disrupts plant water relationships by reducing water use efficiency. Plants adopt different mechanisms to deal with these conditions. Proper management is very important to prevent the adverse effects of drought stress. Today, researchers are trying to reduce the effects of drought stress by spraying with hormones or hormone-like, growth-promoting bacteria, mycorrhizae, and resistant cultivars. In this paper, we investigate the effects of drought stress on some morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics of plants. Also, some crop management methods have been proposed to overcome the destructive effects of drought stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Compensate for reduced yield due to late water stress by using growth enhancers in the tillering stage of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Mehrnoush Eskandari Torbaghan sayd fazel fazeli kakhki Mohammad JoleiniThe application of foliar spraying can be practical in critical stages for alleviating plant nutritional needs in the short term. To investigate the effect of growth enhancers in the tillering stage of wheat on the compensation of required compounds from storage sources MoreThe application of foliar spraying can be practical in critical stages for alleviating plant nutritional needs in the short term. To investigate the effect of growth enhancers in the tillering stage of wheat on the compensation of required compounds from storage sources to grain in the remobilization process in the stopping last irrigation, an experiment was carried out in a split-plot arrangement based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at the farm of Kashmar research station in 2020-2021. The main plots were two variety of wheat: V1: Sirvan and V2: Rakhshan, the subplots were growth enhancers including (T1: Control, T2: Urea phosphate (10 kg.ha-1) + solopotas (8 kg.ha-1) + amino acid (2:1000); T3: Urea phosphate (10 kg.ha-1) + solopotas (8 kg.ha-1) + micronutrient (2:1000); T4: Urea phosphate (10 kg.ha-1) + solopotas (8 kg.ha-1) + humic acid (2:1000). The results showed that the highest plant height was obtained from T3 treatment in the Sirvan cultivar. In both Sirvan and Rakhshan varieties, the highest peduncle length was recorded from a foliar spray of T3. The highest plant dry weight (1290 g.m-2) per square meter was also obtained from T2 in Sirvan. Grain weight per square meter in the Sirvan cultivar was 651, 582, and 462 g.m-2 from the application of T2, T3, and T4, respectively, which was higher than the Rakhshan cultivar in these treatments. The highest amount of photosynthesis was 19.1 μCO2mol.m-2. s-1, stomatal conductance, and intercellular CO2 (Ci) were obtained in the Sirvan cultivar by T2 application. In general, the effect of T2 treatment on photosynthesis and yield indicates compensation for the lack of grain yield (52% increase) and biomass (51%) due to the last water stop in the Sirvan cultivar. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - The Effect of Manufacturing Products and Foreign Direct Investment on Co2 Emission in D8 Countries
Mohammad mehdi Barghi oskoee Firooz fallahi Sona zhendeh khatibiIn this research, we will study the effects of different variables such as energy consumption, manufacturing products, foreign direct investment (FDI) and economic development on the emission of Co2 in D8 countries during 1990-2007 as an econometric model estimated by u MoreIn this research, we will study the effects of different variables such as energy consumption, manufacturing products, foreign direct investment (FDI) and economic development on the emission of Co2 in D8 countries during 1990-2007 as an econometric model estimated by using Panel Data and GMM. The results represent that, in Fixed Effect method, all variables under the examination except FDI have a positive and significant effect on Co2 emission. In GMM, all variables estimated are positive and significant too. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - بررسی اثر افزودن گاز دی اکسید کربن به گاز محافظ بر خواص جوش در جوشکاری لیزر پالسی Nd:YAG
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