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Open Access Article
1 - ارزیابی اثر پرولین و گلایسینبتائین بر برخی خصوصیات مورفوفیزیولوژیک، آنزیمی، رشد و گلدهی شمعدانی(Pelargonium spp.) تحت تنش خشکی
مجید خدابخش الهام دانائی -
Open Access Article
2 - Effect of Dietary Administration of Betaine and Natozim Multi-Enzyme on Growth, Indices and Growth Hormone Gene (GH) in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio)
mohammad homyoni mohammad reza Imanpour roghieh safariInroduction & Objective: Enzymes and food attractants are the ingredients used to improve the nutritional status of fish in recent years. In this experiment the effect of dietary administration of betaine and Natozim multi-enzyme on growth indices (Weight gain, SGR and MoreInroduction & Objective: Enzymes and food attractants are the ingredients used to improve the nutritional status of fish in recent years. In this experiment the effect of dietary administration of betaine and Natozim multi-enzyme on growth indices (Weight gain, SGR and FCR) and growth hormone gene expression (GH) in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) were investigated. Materials and Methods: For this purpose 180 fish with average weight of 19.5±0.5 gr, were fed diets supplemented with 3 different levels of 0, 1 and 1.5% in combination with 0, 250 and 500 mg/l for 8 weeks. At the end of feeding trial, growth indices were assessed. RNA extracted from brain, cDNA synthesized using Suprime script RTase kit and Real-time PCR were done using GH primers.Results: Results showed no significant difference growth indices and GH expression gene in fish fed betaine (P>0.05). However, with increasing the amount of Natozim multi-enzyme from 250 to 500 mg in the non-betaine condition, there was a significant increase (P Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Effects of Glycine Betaine and Salicylic Acid Foliar Application on Yield and Yield Components of two Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Cultivars under Rainfed Conditions
Hadi Salek Mearaji Akram HatamiChickpea as one of the most promissing crop under dry farming in Razan, Hamadan where it is often confronted with terminal drought of growing season. Finding strategies to reduce the effects of terminal droughts of chickpea under dryland conditions in this area would be MoreChickpea as one of the most promissing crop under dry farming in Razan, Hamadan where it is often confronted with terminal drought of growing season. Finding strategies to reduce the effects of terminal droughts of chickpea under dryland conditions in this area would be very beneficial. To evaluate the effects of foliar application of glycine betaine (GB) and salicylic acid (SA) on yield and yield components of two chickpea cultivars under rainfed condition, a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted at Razan town of Hamedan province in 2017- 2018 year. In this experiment, treatments were the use of distilled water as control, three levels of glycine betaine (200, 400 and 600 mM) and three levels of salicylic acid (250, 500 and 750 µM) on two cultivars of chickpea (Hashem and Saral). The results showed that foliar applications of plants with GB and SA resulted in significant effect on all traits under study, except number of seed in pod. The highest of seed yield was observed in Hashem (168.05 g.m2) and Saral (178.55 g.m2) cultivars with foliar application of 600 mM glycine betaine. The treatment of 600 mM of glycine betaine increased seed yield of Hashem and Saral cultivars by 17.6 and 18.5 percents, respectively. There were significant differences between the two cultivars under study. Maximum of number of seed per plant, seed yield, biological yield and harvest index were belonged to Saral cultivar, while plant height, weight of 100 seed and percent of protein seed observed in Hashem cultivur. According to the results of this study, it can be concluded that the application of glycine betaine on yield and yield components of chickpea under rainfed conditions was more effective than using salicylic acid. It can be said that foliar application of chickpea with GB and SA would improve the performance of chickpea cultivars and rainfed conditions. Futher studies are sudgested to substantiate the results. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Effects of Seed Hydropriming and Nitrogen and Betaine Foliar Application on Yield Quality and Quantity of Adel Cultivar of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under Rainfed Conditions in Lorestan Province
Rasoul Babaeipour Khosro Azizi Hamid Reza Eisvand Mashala Daneshvar Omid Ali AkbarpourThis study was performed in a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications on Adel chickpea cultivar during 2017-2018. Seed priming consisted of two levels (non-priming and hydropriming) and spraying nitrogen and glycine betaine MoreThis study was performed in a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications on Adel chickpea cultivar during 2017-2018. Seed priming consisted of two levels (non-priming and hydropriming) and spraying nitrogen and glycine betaine with six levels (no spraying, as control, zero concentration (water spray), 3% urea, 100 mM glycine betaine, 200 mM glycine betaine, and glycine betaine 200 mM + urea 3%). Interaction of priming by foliar application on biological and grain yields was significant at 1%probabilitylevel.The highest biological yield (2668kg.ha-1) and grain yield (1301 kg.ha-1) were obtained with combined priming and consumption of 200 mM glycine + 3% urea and the lowest yield was related to non-priming and non-spraying priming. Priming also improved the harvest index, number of seeds per plant, number of pods per plant, 100-seed weight and number of active nodules. The effect of foliar application of plants by glycine betaine and urea on number of grains per pod and grain protein percentage was significant. The highest values of these traits belonged to foliar application of plants by glycine betaine with concentration of 200 mM + 3% urea. Hydropriming significantly increased grain yield, harvest index, grain weight, and number of seeds per plant. Hydropriming also allowed the plant to initiate flowering and pod forming earlier. According to the results of this study, the use of hydropriming treatment and spraying of nitrogen and glycine betaine respectively would be recommended to improve the quality and quantity of rainfed chickpea in Kuhdasht, Lorestan province. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Effect of betafin as a feed attractant on growth performance, survival, body composition and resistance to stress of Caspian Roach (Rutilus rutilus)
behruz ghabeliAbstract[1]Effect of dietary betain as a food attractant on growth, survival, body composition and resistance to stress in Caspian roach (Rutilus rutilus) were investigated for 8 weeks. 240 individuals of Caspian roach by the weight of 6.23±0.23 g and density of MoreAbstract[1]Effect of dietary betain as a food attractant on growth, survival, body composition and resistance to stress in Caspian roach (Rutilus rutilus) were investigated for 8 weeks. 240 individuals of Caspian roach by the weight of 6.23±0.23 g and density of 20/tank fed in fiberglass tanks. Four treatments of different levels of betain including 0 (control), 0. 5, 1.0 and 1.5 percent added to diet (contained 41.13% protein and 8.42% fat). At the end of the study, growth and feeding factors including final weight, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, specific growth rate, survival rate, body composition and resistance to environmental stressors including thermal (40 oC), alkalinity (pH=12), acidity (pH=2) and salinity stress (150 g/lit) were assessed. According to the results, there were no significant differences in growth, feeding parameters and survival rate between fish fed control and betain supplementation diets (P>0.05). No significance difference was observed in lipid and ash carcass (P>0.05), but the highest of carcass protein was obtained in 1% betain (P<0.05). The longest surviving time against thermal stress (P>0.05) and acidity stress (P<0.05) were due to 1% of betain and highest rate in salinity stress was due to control (P<0.05) and highest survival rate after alkalinity stress was due to 0.5% betafin (P<0.05). Totally considering no significant differences in most parameters betain is not recommended to improve the growth, surviving and resistance to stress in roach juveniles. * Corresponding Authors; Email: b.ghabeli@yahoo.com Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Effect of supplementing ascorbic acid, vitamin E and betaine on the performance, immune response and blood parameters in broiler
S.M MotamediIn order to investigate the effects of vitamins C and E and betaine on performance, immune response and blood parameters of broiler chickens, an experiment was conducted with completely randomized block design consisting of 6 treatments and 5 replicates with 30 chicks i MoreIn order to investigate the effects of vitamins C and E and betaine on performance, immune response and blood parameters of broiler chickens, an experiment was conducted with completely randomized block design consisting of 6 treatments and 5 replicates with 30 chicks in each replicate. The groups were assigned to receive the treatment diets as follows: diet with no feed additive (control); diet supplemented with vitamin C; diet supplemented with vitamin E; diet supplemented with betaine; diet supplemented with vitamin E and betaine; diet supplemented with vitamin E, vitamin C and betaine. Body weight, feed intake, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio and mortality were determined over the course of the experiment. At 35 days of age, two birds per replicate were randomly selected and 2 ml blood sample was collected to measure plasma concentration of T3 and T4 hormones. IgM and IgG antibody response to SRBC were also determined at 28 days of age. Body weight, FI and FCR were not affected by different treatments over the course of the study. Broilers fed diet supplemented with vitamin C, vitamin E and betaine showed the highest survival percentage and production index as compared with the other treatments. But it was not significantly different with the control group. IgM and IgG antibody response to SRBC, hematocrit percentage and plasma concentration of T3 and T4 also were not affected by different dietary treatments. The results of this experiment showed that there were no significant differences among the treatments in the performance, immune response and blood parameters of broiler chicken. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - The effects of soil salinity in three regions on growth and biochemical parameters of Halocnemum strobilaceum (Case study: southeastern edge of Urmia Lake)
Nader Ahadi Latifeh pourakbarSoil salinity is on the increase around the world and it is considered as one of the most important challenges for the agricultural practices in world. Research has shown that saline soils limit the plant growth. Halocnemum strobilaceum plant belongs to the family of Ch MoreSoil salinity is on the increase around the world and it is considered as one of the most important challenges for the agricultural practices in world. Research has shown that saline soils limit the plant growth. Halocnemum strobilaceum plant belongs to the family of Chenopodiaceae and is a halophyte. The drying of Urmia Lake has led to the growth of this plant in saline soils of the region. This study was to investigate the effect of soil salinity on growth factors and osmolytes of H.strobilaceum plant in three regions (Chipgloo, Tapeh Chahar Borj, and Sahra Jen) southeastern edge of Urmia Lake. Soil and plant samples were analyzed for evaluation of growth parameters and physiological indices. The results indicated that Tapeh Chahar Bborj with silt-loamy texture had the minimum salinity (3.5 dS/m) and Sahra Jen region with sandy-loamy soil had the maximum salinity (17/43 dS/m). Also, results showed that the length, fresh and dry weight of shoots and roots, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids significantly decreased with increasing salinity while the Malondi aldehyde and proline and glycine betaine increased. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - The effect of nano potassium fertilizer, potassium sulfate and salicylic acid on physiological characteristics of Calendula officinalis L. under water stress
Somayeh Erfani Mohammadali Rezaei Farhad Farahvash Mehrali MahmoudjanloAbstract: Lack of water is one of the limiting factors for growth, and oxidative stress is a secondary stress resulting from drought and dehydration. In order to study the levels of potassium nanoclat fertilizers, potassium sulfate and salicylic acid in reducing water e MoreAbstract: Lack of water is one of the limiting factors for growth, and oxidative stress is a secondary stress resulting from drought and dehydration. In order to study the levels of potassium nanoclat fertilizers, potassium sulfate and salicylic acid in reducing water effects on a number of physiological indicators of evergreen plants, experimental spring was performed as a factorial based on a completely randomized design with three replications in 1398 in the research greenhouse of Islamic Azad University, Gorgan Branch. Factors involved included irrigation at two levels, consumption of potassium fertilizer at two levels of potassium nanocat and potassium sulfate, and salicylic acid at three levels of zero, one and two milliliters. Physiological traits such as photosynthetic pigments, proline, phenol total, superoxide dismutase, catalase enzyme, soluble sugar, protein and glycine betaine were evaluated. Based on the results of this study, dehydration stress significantly increased the levels of proline, the enzyme peroxidase, the enzyme catalase, glycine betaine and sugar, and reduced the levels of chlorophyll a, b, whole leaves and total protein. The use of salicylic acid leaf in conditions of dehydration stress in concentrations significantly increased sugar, total protein, glycine betaine and total phenol. The use of potassium nanocatalysts and potassium sulfate improved plant tolerance in drought stress conditions and increased physiological traits compared to control. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Effect of salicylic acid application on some physiological characteristics and essential oil production of lemon verbena (Lippia citrodora L.) under salinity stress
Mohammad Moghaddam Leila Mehdizade Sara FarsariThe aim of this research was to study the effect of salicylic acid (SA) usage on some physiological characteristics and essential oil production of lemon verbena (Lippia citrodora L.) under salinity stress. For this purpose, a pot factorial experiment was performed base MoreThe aim of this research was to study the effect of salicylic acid (SA) usage on some physiological characteristics and essential oil production of lemon verbena (Lippia citrodora L.) under salinity stress. For this purpose, a pot factorial experiment was performed based on a completely randomized design with 4 salinity levels (0, 50, 100 and 150 mM NaCl), 4 SA levels (0, 150, 300 and 450 mg/L) and three replications. The measured traits included total soluble protein, malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide, glycine betaine, some antioxidant enzyme activities, and essential oil production. The interaction effect of the treatments on all of the studied traits were significant at 1% P value. The results showed that the highest amount of total soluble protein, MDA, hydrogen peroxide, glycine betaine, ascorbate peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities were observed at 150 mM salinity level and application of SA at 300 mg/L causes to decrease total soluble protein and glycine betaine, and 150 mg/L of SA causes to decrease MDA. But application of this plant growth regulator had no significant effect on hydrogen peroxide. Also, the results showed that catalase enzyme activity and essential oil content at the highest salinity level (150 mM) reached to the lowest amounts. In total, the results of this study indicated that the SA application especially at 300 mg/L causes to improve the studied traits in this experiment and its usage under stress conditions is recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Osmolytes changes for resistance in two cultivars of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Plants.
Mohammad Ali RezaeiThis study aims at the evaluation of physiological aspects of two cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L) cultivars, Siokra and Sahel to salin soil salinity [EC=12.3] collected from natural environment of Golestan province. Field tests in three stages, consist of two, four and si MoreThis study aims at the evaluation of physiological aspects of two cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L) cultivars, Siokra and Sahel to salin soil salinity [EC=12.3] collected from natural environment of Golestan province. Field tests in three stages, consist of two, four and six foliair seedlings were performed. In leaves of both cultivars, from 1st to 3rd salinity stress, increased Na+, Cl- concentrations noticeably , indicating that salinity resistance was not associated with the ability of the plants to restrict ions uptake and accumulation. During the three vegetative growth stages, from 1st to 3rd, CGR, NAR K+ and Mg++ uptake in both cultivars decreased but increased production of proline and was higher in siokra cultivar. Effect of high salinity, was accompanied by increasing soluble sugars and decreasing insoluble sugars contents, in both cultivars. The content of glycine betaine decreased partialy from two to six foliair stage. Results determined that cotton is among plants that having production and accumulation sterategies of proline-glycine betaine spontaneously. High salinity of soil increased the importance of proline and soluble sugars for resistance of plant and decreased nonsoluble sugar content during growth stages. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - The study of salty stresses (NaCl & CaCl2) and ascorbic acid on physiological charecterestics of Carpobrotus edulis L.
Rezaei M.A S.Z Hosseini, مریم Safaei, فریبا AmirlatifiIn order to study of effects of salinity stress on Ice plant (Carpobrotus edulis L.), three kind of soil with 1, 8 and 12ds/m selected for poted experiments. Before NaCl and CaCl2 treatments and after vegetative generation, ascorbate was treated in two concentrations of MoreIn order to study of effects of salinity stress on Ice plant (Carpobrotus edulis L.), three kind of soil with 1, 8 and 12ds/m selected for poted experiments. Before NaCl and CaCl2 treatments and after vegetative generation, ascorbate was treated in two concentrations of 2.5 and 5 mmol. CaCl2 treatments supplemented as 25 and 50 percent of salt treatment. Results indicated that with increasing of salinity (EC), calcium and ascorbate treatments, Na+, Cl-, Ca+2 and K+ of leaves increased significantly, in comparison with control. CaCl2 and ascorbate treatments have no diminishing effects on salinity stress intensity and Na+ absorption. Plant did not use soluble sugar and proline as an osmolyte for increasing osmotic pressure. Glycine betaine and total protein contents increased with increasing of salinity stress and plant got included among plants with the strategy of production and accumulation of glycine betaine and did not use proline. Suitable need of calcium for amelioration of peroxidase activity for scavenging of reactive oxygen species was different in salinities. Calcium oxalate and raphide morphology and raphide bundles number in cross section of leaves and raphides needles number in volume unit had no specific physiological trend and did not change significantly and was not affected by soil salinity, calcium concentration and ascorbate treatments. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - The effect of soil salinity on Anthocyanine, Proline and Glycine betain in commercial cotton cultivars (Gossypium hirsutum L.)
S.J Mirghasemi M.A Rezaei عمران Alishah معصومه Shabdin,In order to studying the effect of soil salinity on physiological characteristics of Cotton genotypes this experiment was conducted in 1386 with potted cottons in phytotron condition and carried out as factorial in completely randomized design with 4 replications. One f MoreIn order to studying the effect of soil salinity on physiological characteristics of Cotton genotypes this experiment was conducted in 1386 with potted cottons in phytotron condition and carried out as factorial in completely randomized design with 4 replications. One factor was Cotton cultivars and the other was levels of salinity at rate of 0.6, 7.6, 15.2 and 29.9ds/m. The results showed that the effect of salinity on physiological characteristics of Cotton plant such as anthocynanine, proline and glycinebetain were significant at 1% probability within cultivars. There were significant diffrences at 5% probability in relation to praline and glycinebetain. No significant difference was found between cultivars in regard to anthocyanine. By increasing the salinity in the soil the amount of anthocyanine, proline and glycine betain increased in Cotton plant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - اثر تیمار گلایسین بتائین در کاهش آسیب سرما بر میوه انار در طول انبارمانی
پرویز ملک زاده علی اصغر حاتم نیا -
Open Access Article
14 - Effects of exogenous glycine betaine on morphophysiological characteristics and yield of soybean (Glycine max L.)
M.A RezaeiSince plants confront to kinds of environment stresses in life cycle, exogenous glycine betaine (EGB) applications on crop plants that unable to synthesis glycine betaine is a possible approach to overcome the environmental limitations. In order to study of different tr MoreSince plants confront to kinds of environment stresses in life cycle, exogenous glycine betaine (EGB) applications on crop plants that unable to synthesis glycine betaine is a possible approach to overcome the environmental limitations. In order to study of different treatments of EGB on physiological and morphological characteristics of soybean (Glycine max var PER and DPX), experiments were performed in field condition as factorial with completely randomized design in four replication. Treatments consist of 0 (as control), 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10kg per hectar EGB in six-leaf and near the flowering stages. During the growth period the amount of chlorophyll and soluble sugar levels in leaves and proline, GB and total protein in leaves and seeds and morphological factors, including number of branches, pods, seed number in pods, thousands seed weight were measured. The results showed that chlorophyll content had no change by application of EGB. Regard to EGB, proline and soluble sugar content not observed significant different in ten foliare stage. All EGB concentrations increased number of lateral branch and number of seeds per pod significantly, but not abserved significant different in number of seed per pod and thousands seed weight. EGB application enhanced yield of soybean by increase in number of lateral branch and number of pod per plant. Increased EGB concentrations enhanced yield of soybean significantly, especially in DPX cultivar by optimum concentration of 7.5, 10 and 5 Kg/hec and 5. Total protein content, germination percent and rate in harvested seeds in different treatments of EGB have no significant different. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Effect of symbiosis with vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM) on physiological characteristics of sorghum under salt stress
مریم Ehsany عباسعلی Nourinia gh Bakhshi khanikiSymbiosis with VAM under salt stress can affect on yield and growth parameters. In order to evaluate the effect of salinity (NaCl) and symbiosis of VAM on growth parameters and yield of sorghum (c.v.speed feed). The factorial experiment conducted based on complete block MoreSymbiosis with VAM under salt stress can affect on yield and growth parameters. In order to evaluate the effect of salinity (NaCl) and symbiosis of VAM on growth parameters and yield of sorghum (c.v.speed feed). The factorial experiment conducted based on complete block design with three replication and two levels of VAM. (Control (M0) and VAM (M1)) and three levels of salinity (0/8, 7, 14dS/m NaCl). Sorghum seedlings inoculation with Glomus intradices. Until emergence irrigated with (0/8dS/m) water and then treatment with saline water. Result showed that above ground length ,leaf area, dry weight stem and root, and shoot/root dry weight were significant (P<0.01), (P<0.05). Glycine betain (GB) content of leaf under different salinity and VAM levels was not significant but GB in root under salinity levels was significant (p<0.01) and VAM symbiosis and VAM*salinity interaction was not significant. VAM had not impact on GB content Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - بررسی تغییرات فصلی دو اسمولیت پرولین و گلیسین بتائین در 3 گونه Nepeta persica Boiss. و Salvia leriifolia BENTH. و Teucrium polium L. از رویشگاه طبیعی استان خراسان رضوی
مه لقا قربانلی فاطمه اسدالهی -
Open Access Article
17 - تاثیر شوری و آسکوربات بر درصد جوانهزنی، پارامترهای رشد و محتوی پرولین و گلیسین بتائین دو رقم گیاه گلرنگ (Carthamus tinctorius L.)
حمیده عرب احمدی حسین عباسپور مه لقا قربانلی -
Open Access Article
18 - بررسی آسکوربات و گلیسین بتائین و اثر توام آنها بر روی رنگیزههای فتوسنتزی، پروتئین، قندهای محلول و فعالیت آنزیم کاتالاز در گیاه نخود (.Cicer arietinum L) تحت تنش شوری خاک
ماریه عارف محمد علی رضایی -
Open Access Article
19 - تأثیر مکملسازی بتائین و اسید فولیک بر عملکرد، مقدار فولات تخم و تولید تخم بلدرچین ژاپنی
ر. صادقی مجرد پ. فرهومند م. دانشیاراین مطالعه به منظور بررسی اثرات سطوح مختلف بتائین (0، 5/0 و 1 گرم در کیلوگرم) و اسید فولیک (0، 4 و 8 میلی­گرم در کیلوگرم) بر عملکرد، غلظت اسید فولیک تخم و تولید تخم در بلدرچین ژاپنی انجام گرفت. آزمایش با 288 بلدرچین ژاپنی 42 روزه در قالب یک آزمایش فاکتوریل 3 × Moreاین مطالعه به منظور بررسی اثرات سطوح مختلف بتائین (0، 5/0 و 1 گرم در کیلوگرم) و اسید فولیک (0، 4 و 8 میلی­گرم در کیلوگرم) بر عملکرد، غلظت اسید فولیک تخم و تولید تخم در بلدرچین ژاپنی انجام گرفت. آزمایش با 288 بلدرچین ژاپنی 42 روزه در قالب یک آزمایش فاکتوریل 3 × 3 بر پایه طرح کاملاَ تصادفی انجام گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که هیچکدام از صفات عملکردی بجز مصرف خوراک تحت تأثیر تیمارهای آزمایشی قرار نگرفت. عدم تأثیر مکمل­سازی اسید فولیک و بتائین بر چگالی مخصوص تخم مشاهده گردید اما شاخص شکل تخم در کل دوره آزمایش تحت تأثیر تیمارهای آزمایشی قرار گرفت. تفاوت معنی­داری بین تیمارهای آزمایشی برای pH، وزن و نسبت سفیده تخم مشاهده نشد اما واحد هاو به طور معنی­داری تحت تأثیر مکمل­سازی اسید فولیک قرار گرفت. سطح بالای مکمل­سازی اسید فولیک (8 میلی­گرم در کیلوگرم) واحد هاو را کاهش داد. به علاوه، اثر متقابل بین اسید فولیک و بتائین برای واحد هاو معنی­دار بود و افزایش بتائین واحد هاو را در سطوح پایین و متوسط اسید فولیک تحت تأثیر قرار نداد در حالیکه واحد هاو را در سطح بالای اسید فولیک (8 میلی­گرم در کیلوگرم) کاهش داد. عدم تأثیر اسید فولیک یا بتائین برای pH، شاخص زرده و درصد زرده تخم مشاهده گردید در حالیکه محتوای اسید فولیک و رنگ زرده تخم تحت تأثیر مکمل­سازی اسید فولیک قرار گرفت. غلظت اسید فولیک زرده از سطح پایین 37/843 میکروگرم در کیلوگرم برای پرندگان تغذیه شده با جیره پایه و بدون اسید فولیک مکمل­سازی شده به 25/1456 میکروگرم در کیلوگرم برای پرندگان دریافتکننده جیره­های حاوی 8 میلی­گرم در کیلوگرم اسید فولیک رسید. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - تأثیر مصرف مکمل بتائین در آخر دوره آبستنی بر غلظت متابولیت های خونی، هموسیستئین و پراکسیداسیون لیپیدی در میش های آبستن و نتاج آنها
ح.ر. صحرائی ع. کیانی آ. آذرفر ح. خمیس آبادیبتائین (تری ­متیل گلیسین) یک ترکیب دهنده گروه متیل است که در بسیاری از فرایندهای مهم فیزیولوژیک از قبیل سنتز هموسیستئین، کاهش استرس اکسیداتیو و کاهش پراکسیداسیون چربی نقش دارد. در مطالعه حاضر، اثر افزودن بتائین بر غلظت خونی بتاهیدروکسی بوتیرات، هموسیستئین، گلوتاتیون Moreبتائین (تری ­متیل گلیسین) یک ترکیب دهنده گروه متیل است که در بسیاری از فرایندهای مهم فیزیولوژیک از قبیل سنتز هموسیستئین، کاهش استرس اکسیداتیو و کاهش پراکسیداسیون چربی نقش دارد. در مطالعه حاضر، اثر افزودن بتائین بر غلظت خونی بتاهیدروکسی بوتیرات، هموسیستئین، گلوتاتیون پراکسیداز، کاتالاز و مالون دی آلدئید و غلظت گلوکز، اوره و پروتئین کل سرم خون در میشهای آبستن بررسی شد. علاوه بر این اثر افزودن پیش از زایش بتائین بر غلظت گلوکز، اوره و انسولین سرم خون بره­ ها مطالعه شد. در طول ماه آخر آبستنی 20 رأس میش چند شکم زایش سنجابی با جیره پایه (شاهد: 3.6±71.2 کیلوگرم) و یا جیره پایه به علاوه 5 گرم بتائین به ازای هر رأس در روز (بتائین: 3.8±71.6 کیلوگرم) تغذیه شد. نمونه خون از میشها در روز زایش و از برهها در روز تولد، 14 و 28 روزگی گرفته شد. میشهای گروه بتائین مقادیر کمتری از بتاهیدروکسی بوتیرات (0.18±0.55 در مقابل 0.37±1.88 میلی­مول در لیتر) و مالونیل آلدئید (0.51±8.1 در مقابل 0.61±9.1 میکرومول در لیتر) را نسبت به میشهای گروه شاهد داشتند، اما غلظت خونی هموسیستئین، آنزیمهای آنتیاکسیدانی، گلوکز، اوره و پروتئین کل تفاوتی نداشت. برههای گروه بتائین وزن تولد بیشتری را نسبت به برههای گروه شاهد داشتند (0.18±4.41 در مقابل 0.18±3.95 کیلوگرم؛ P=0.06). برههای هر دو گروه عملکرد رشد یکسانی را تا 60 روزگی داشتند. افزودن بتائین در ماه آخر آبستنی تأثیری بر غظت خونی گلوکز، انسولین و اوره برهها نداشت. نتیجه کلی اینکه، افزودن بتائین به جیره میشهای آبستن سبب کاهش غلظت خونی بتاهیدروکسی بوتیرات احتمالا از طریق کاهش اکسیداسیون چربی شد و منجر به وزن تولد سنگینتر برهها شد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - A comparison on effects of different concentrations of sodium chloride on activeness of anti oxidant enzymes, smolites and photosynthetic pigments in Dunaliella salina
A.S. Borhani Sabzevar A. Sateie M. GhorbanliThe present study evaluated the effects of concentration of sodium chloride in medium culture on fluctuations of activeness of anti oxidant enzymes (such as catalase, scorbate peroxidase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase), fluctuations of smolites contents (such as MoreThe present study evaluated the effects of concentration of sodium chloride in medium culture on fluctuations of activeness of anti oxidant enzymes (such as catalase, scorbate peroxidase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase), fluctuations of smolites contents (such as glycine betaine, and proline) and fluctuations of quantity of pigments. The experimental strain was grown in three treatments with 2.5, 7.5 and 12.5 percent sodium chloride and was subject to evaluation of the target parameters. The strain grown in 7.5 percent treatment showed most growth compared to other treatments. Also greatest values for chlorophyll A (10.3 milligram per gram wet weight of algae), chlorophyll B (0.753 milligram per gram wet weight of algae), and beta-carotene (0.211 milligram per gram wet weight of algae); but an increase in chlorophyll B was seen in other treatments. Results of enzyme evaluations showed that activeness of peroxydase and ascorbic peroxydase increased significantly in the two other sodium chloride treatments (p<0.05). Moreover, glycine betain concentration in optimum condition was more than the other two treatments (P<0.05). In non optimum condition, concentration of proline increased significantly (P<0.05). Growth in 7.5 percent sodium chloride was greatest; it is likely that cells in order to eliminate stress of salinity change components of photosynthetic antennae to increase photo system 2 combined with synthesizing proline and anti oxidative enzyme proteins. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - The effects of glycine betaine on yield and yield components of sunflower(Helianthus annuus L.) in saline condition
M. ArminTo evaluate the effects of glycine betaine (GB) on yield and yield components of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in saline condition, a field experiment was conducted in Sabzevar Branch, Islamic Azad university on 2011. The experiment was in factorial arrangement on th MoreTo evaluate the effects of glycine betaine (GB) on yield and yield components of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in saline condition, a field experiment was conducted in Sabzevar Branch, Islamic Azad university on 2011. The experiment was in factorial arrangement on the basis of a randomized complete blocks design with 3 replications. Factors were time of GB application at 3 stage (V5( 5 leaves), R1 (forming of terminal bud)and R5(beginning of flowering) and 4 GB rate (0, 50,100 and 150 mM).The results showed that foliar application of GB at V3 had the highest economic yield, biological yield and grain number in capitul. Delay in GB application was increased potassium level in leaf. 100 seed weight was not affected by GB time application, although V5 had the highest 100 seed weight. Increasing of GB rate increased linearly yield and yield components. 150 mM foliar application of GB had maximum yield and yield components. There was not significant difference between 100 and 150 mM foliar application of GB. Na content increased 5.75% by increased GB from 100 to 150 mM. Overall in saline conditions, 100 mM foliar application of GB at V5 was found be the best treatment for achievement of maximum grain yield. �� bd������e:AR-SA;mso-ansi-font-weight:bold'> بود. مقایسه میانگین تیمارها نشان داد که بیشترین عملکرد دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیک، تعداد دانه در طبق و درصد پتاسیم برگ در محلول پاشی در هنگام 5 برگی به دست آمد، در صورتی که تأخیر در زمان محلول پاشی سبب افزایش مقدار پتاسیم در برگ آفتابگردان شد. وزن صد دانه تحت تأثیر زمان محلول پاشی قرار نگرفت، اگرچه بیشترین وزن صد دانه در محلول پاشی در زمان 5 برگی مشاهده شد. با افزایش مقدار مصرف ﮔﻼﻳﺴﻴﻦﺑﺘﺎﺋﻴﻦ عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد به صورت خطی افزایش یافت و بیشترین مقدار این صفات در محلول پاشی به مقدار 150 میلی مولار به دست آمد که تفاوت آماری معنی داری با مصرف 100 میلی مولار نداشت. افزایش میزان محلول پاشی از 100 به 150 میلی گرم سبب افزایش 75/5% میزان سدیم در گیاه شد. در مجموع میتوان محلول پاشی در زمان 5 برگی به مقدار 100 میلی مولار را مناسبترین تیمار برای حصول مناسبترین عملکرد در شرایط شور توصیه کرد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - تاثیر سطوح مختلف بتائین جیره بر مقاومت بچه ماهی قزل آلای رنگین کمان (Oncorhynchus mykiss) در برابر استرس های محیطی
محمد نیرومند میرمسعود سجادی مازیار یحیوی محمد اسدی -
Open Access Article
24 - اثرات محافظتی بتائین بر سکته قلبی ناشی از ایزوپرنالین از طریق apoE، Bcl-2 و عوامل آنتی اکسیداتیو در مدل موش صحرایی
سروش قدرتی زاده قلی نژاد قلی نژاد محمد حسن خادم انصاری یوسف رسمیبتائین، یک مولکول چند عملکردی که دارای ویژگی حفاظت قلبی است ولی مکانیسم آن به خوبی مشخص نیست. لذا در این مطالعه ما به بررسی اثر بتائین بر بافت قلب و بیومارکرهای سرمی پرداختیم. بتائین در دوز های 50، 150 و 250 میلی گرم بر کیلوگرم بدن به موش های صحرایی آلبینو داده شد. سکته Moreبتائین، یک مولکول چند عملکردی که دارای ویژگی حفاظت قلبی است ولی مکانیسم آن به خوبی مشخص نیست. لذا در این مطالعه ما به بررسی اثر بتائین بر بافت قلب و بیومارکرهای سرمی پرداختیم. بتائین در دوز های 50، 150 و 250 میلی گرم بر کیلوگرم بدن به موش های صحرایی آلبینو داده شد. سکته قلبی با تزریق 100 میلی گرم بر وزن رت القا شد. تست تانل و تست ایمنوهیستوشیمی به ترتیب برای بررسی آپوپتوز و سطح پروتئین نیتریک اکسید انجام شد. پراکسیداسیون لیپیدی و مقادیر آنزیم سوپر اکسید دیسموتاز با روش کالریمتری انجام شد. بیان ژن های آپوE و Bcl-2 در سلول های تک هسته ای خون محیطی با روش RT-PCR تعیین شد. نتایج نشان داد که تجویز بتائین در دوز 250 میلی گرم بر وزن بدن به مدت 60 روز سبب کاهش آپوپتوز پس از سکته قلبی می شود (0/038>P). ژن Bcl-2 در بافت قلب در دوز 150 میلی گرم بر وزن بدن القا شده و نتایج مشابهی برای آپوE مشاهده شد. در حالیکه تغیراتی در مقادیر نیتریک اکسید مشاهده نشد اما پراکسیداسیون لیپیدی و سطوح آنزیم سوپر اکسید دیسموتاز کاهش یافت. نتایج مطالعه ما حاکی از آن است که بتائین به کمک Bcl-2 و ویژگی ضد استرس اکسیداتیو، سبب حفاظت قلب می شود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - The effects of foliar application of Glycine Betaine on yield and physiological variables of rapeseed (Brassica Nupus L.) under different irrigation regimes
Mohsen Bourboor meysam oveysi Mohammad NasriThe aim of current study was to study the effect of glycine betaine spraying under different levels of available water on agronomical and physiological attributes of rapeseed (Brassica unpus L.) plants. In this respect an experiment was conducted in randomized complete MoreThe aim of current study was to study the effect of glycine betaine spraying under different levels of available water on agronomical and physiological attributes of rapeseed (Brassica unpus L.) plants. In this respect an experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design in three replications as split plot in research field of Varamin Islamic Azad University. The factors included irrigation at three levels (I1-normal irrigation, 60 mm tub evaporation, I2-mild stress, 90 mm tub evaporation and I3 – sever stress, 120 mm tub evaporation) and glycine betaine (GB) at four levels (B1 – pure water (without GB), B2 – 1.5 /1000, B3 – 2/1000, and B4 – 2.5 /1000). The interaction between two factor on grain yield, content of chlorophyll a and b, glycine betaine, malon dealdehyde (MDA) was significant. In general, higher concentration of GB as foliar spray especially under lower soil moisture level led to higher grain yield and higher content of measured variables (except MDA). The interaction effect on prolin content and relative water content (RWC) wasn’t significant but simple effects of irrigation and foliar GB were significant. The highest values of RWC (80.87 %) and prolin (15.7 µmol.g.FW) respectively were observed by using 2.5/1000 and 1.5/1000 concentrations of GB. The lowest values proline was showed by using 2.5 / 1000 concentration of GB. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - The effect of priming and glycine betaine spraying on some morph-physiological and germination characteristics of bean var Derakhshan under salinity stress
Muna Mirzaie Farshad Qushchi Payman AziziIn order to study of glycine betaine application on germination and morph physiological characteristics of bean under salinity stress an experiment was conducted in physiology laboratory of department of agronomy in Islamic Azad University, Varamin, Iran in summer 2016. MoreIn order to study of glycine betaine application on germination and morph physiological characteristics of bean under salinity stress an experiment was conducted in physiology laboratory of department of agronomy in Islamic Azad University, Varamin, Iran in summer 2016. The experiment was installed in a completely randomized design, with treatments arranged in a factorial scheme with four levels of Salinity (0, 2, 4 & 6 mmol Nacl) by Three levels glycine betaine application (0, 5& 10 ppm), with three replicates. The results showed that salinity stress effect treatment significantly for germination index, radicle dry weight, total chlorophyll, leaf protein percentage, leaf proline content, the cell membrane stability and relative water content. Also the results showed that glycine betaine application effect was significant for all experimental traits except for the cell membrane stability. The interaction between salinity stress and glycine betaine was significant for germination index, total chlorophyll, protein percentage and leaf proline content. In generally the result demonstrated that the best treatment for salinity stress was control which improves the measured traits except radicle dry weight in red bean. Also glycine betaine application could be improved the negative salinity stress. Manuscript profile
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