List of Articles سیاره

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  1 - Dynamic Analysis of the Role of Stratospheric Large Scale Circulation on the Stratospheric Ozone Depletion, Part II; Dynamical Mechanisms
  عباس Mofidi
  In order to recognize and understand the mechanism governing on variations and decrease ofstratospheric ozone, the dynamical Principles which are governing on the stratosphere layerwere investigated. In this case, links between the most important dynamical components, i More

  In order to recognize and understand the mechanism governing on variations and decrease ofstratospheric ozone, the dynamical Principles which are governing on the stratosphere layerwere investigated. In this case, links between the most important dynamical components, i.e.Polar Vortex, Planetary Scale Waves, Stratospheric Sudden Warming (SSW), QBO andvariations and depletion of stratospheric ozone, illustrated.The results indicate that Stratospheric Polar Vortex has a key role in interannualvariability of Total ozone and account a necessary precondition for ozone depletion andformation of stratospheric ozone hole. Therefore, Shape, Area, intensity and Persistence ofPolar Vortex in two hemisphere is determining ozone decrease rate and the maximum arealcoverage of ozone hole.The results shows that dynamical forcing from troposphere is the major source ofstratospheric variations and upward propagation of planetary waves in addition to theoccurance Brewer-Dobson circulation and SSW, is controlling the temporal and spatialdistribution of total ozone and decrease and increase of stratospheric ozone. Hence, thecirculation of the winter stratosphere is strongly influenced by vertically propagating forcedplanetary waves and rate of planetary waves activity in stratosphere and their interaction withdynamical components such as QBO and Polar Vortex, additionally control of Brewer-Dobson circulation and temperature ratio, is determining transport and interannual variabilityof stratospheric ozone.The Stratospheric Sudden Warming (SSW) is the most dramatic meteorologicalphenomenon to take place in stratosphere. The breakup of the polar vortex during a majorSSW, or during a Final Warming, leads to the greatest mixing of polar and low-latitude air,bringing, for instance, ozone-poor air from the polar vortex to mid-latitude.The dominant source of variability in the tropical stratosphere is the QBO, which involvesthe quasi-periodic reversal of zonal winds from westerly to easterly and back again. The resultsshows that the zonal-wind structure in the stratosphere affects the propagation of planetarywaves from the troposphere. When the QBO is in its westerly phase throughout the tropicallower stratosphere, the waves are refracted away from polar regions towards the tropics. Thestratosphere polar vortex should therefore be cold and strong, with less intense SSWs. When,on the other hand, the QBO is in its easterly phase, the waves are more confined to middle andpolar latitudes. The polar vortex should be warmer and weaker and therefore more susceptibleto breakdown by SSWs. In such cases, ozone depletion is less in the Polar Regions and thus,the ozone hole would be smaller. Manuscript profile
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  2 - Dynamical Analysis of the Role of Stratospheric Large Scale Circulation on the Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
  Abbas Mofidi
  In order to recognize and understand the mechanism governing on variations anddecrease of stratospheric ozone, the dynamical characteristics of Middle atmospherespecially,atmospheric circulation and mass transport in the stratosphere wereinvestigated.The first, characte More

  In order to recognize and understand the mechanism governing on variations anddecrease of stratospheric ozone, the dynamical characteristics of Middle atmospherespecially,atmospheric circulation and mass transport in the stratosphere wereinvestigated.The first, characteristics of stratospheric ozone such as it’s production andtemporal and spatial distribution of it has been noticed. Then, considering the veryimportant role of stratospheric circulation in distribution, variation and decrease ofstratospheric ozone, with presentation of a division of stratospheric circulation; meancharacteristics of zonal(consist of Polar Vortex, Surf Zone, QBO and summerhemisphere circulation) and meridional circulation(Brewer-Dobson circulation) hasbeen illustrated.In following, in order to explanation of stratospheric ozone depletion, trend oftemporal and spatial ozone decreasing were investigated. Finally, links between themost important dynamical components, i.e. Polar Vortex, Planetary Scale RossbyWaves, Stratospheric Sudden Warming, QBO and variations and depletion ofstratospheric ozone, illustrated.The results indicate that since 1980, the global mean of ozone decrease was about3% and the largest decreases have been observed over the polar regions of twohemispheres in spring.Stratospheric Polar Vortex has a key role in interannual variability of Total Ozoneand account a necessary precondition for ozone depletion and formation ofstratospheric ozone hole. Therefore, Shape, Area, intensity and Persistence of PolarVortex in two hemisphere is determining ozone decrease rate and the maximum arealcoverage of ozone hole.Dynamical forcing from troposphere is the major source of stratospheric variationsand upward propagation of planetary waves in addition to the occurance Brewer-Dobson circulation and Stratospheric Sudden Warming, is controlling the temporal andspatial distribution of total ozone and decrease and increase of stratospheric ozone.Hence, the circulation of the winter stratosphere is strongly influenced by verticallypropagating forced planetary waves and rate of planetary waves activity in stratosphereand their interaction with dynamical components such as QBO and Polar Vortex,additionally control of Brewer-Dobson circulation and temperature ratio, isdetermining transport and interannual variability of stratospheric ozone. Manuscript profile
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  3 - Investigation on Adsorption of Ni, Cu and Cd by Nano-Zeolite
  HosseHossein Kamran Haghighi Mehdi Irannajad
  10.30495/jest.2023.76082.5933
  Background and Objective: In this paper, the preparation of nano zeolite was carried out at different grinding times using a dry planetary ball mill. Sodium Hexa Meta Phosphate (SHMP) was introduced as the dispersant in the milling of natural zeolite adsorbent. In the n More

  Background and Objective: In this paper, the preparation of nano zeolite was carried out at different grinding times using a dry planetary ball mill. Sodium Hexa Meta Phosphate (SHMP) was introduced as the dispersant in the milling of natural zeolite adsorbent. In the next step, to remove and adsorb heavy metal ions such as nickel, copper, and cadmium, the application of nano zeolite was studied in batch mode. Material and Methodology: In this paper, zeolite nanoparticles were produced using planetary and ball mills. Adsorption experiments were conducted to investigate the adsorption of nickel, copper, and cadmium using new nano zeolite adsorbent.  Findings: The effect of Sodium Hexa Meta Phosphate (SHMP) on grinding and adsorption of ion metals by nano zeolite was investigated and results showed that the application of SHMP led to lower energy consumption in grinding and had a positive effect on nickel and cadmium removal from aqueous solution by nano zeolite particles. Discussion and Conclusions: The effect of sodium hexametaphosphate on the absorption of nickel, cadmium, and copper metals showed that this reagent had a positive effect on the absorption of nickel and cadmium ions on nanozeolite particles, but it did not affect the absorption of copper ions. Nano-zeolites have a larger external surface area and a shorter diffusion path length due to having nano-sized particles, so their absorption capacity is very high.  Manuscript profile
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  4 - Optimization of the parameters affecting the removal of Acid Orange 7 using magnetite nanoparticles via response surface modeling method and Minitab 16 software
  Ezatolah Mozafari Amin Saki Aref Faghihi Siavash Fathinia
  10.22034/jest.2017.11265
  Background and Objective: Textile and dyeing industry are the largest consumers of drinking water. Therefore, colored wastewaters that generated by the textile and dyeing industry, if discharged into the environment without treatment, can adversely affect aquatic ecosys More

  Background and Objective: Textile and dyeing industry are the largest consumers of drinking water. Therefore, colored wastewaters that generated by the textile and dyeing industry, if discharged into the environment without treatment, can adversely affect aquatic ecosystems. In this study, magnetite nanoparticles are used to remove the dye (Acid Orange 7) from aqueous solution. Method: The magnetite nanoparticles were produced by a mechanical method using a planetary ball milling, and then the related physical properties were obtained and the chemical analysis was done by XRF, XRD and SEM images. The Heterogeneous Fenton process optimization was performance by response surface modeling with the help of Minitab16 software. The parameters of the initial concentration of the dye (5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 mg/L), the initial concentration of catalyst (0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7 and 0.8 g/L), the initial concentration of hydrogen peroxide (5, 6.75, 8.50, 10.25, 12 mmol/L) and time of the process (8, 10, 24, 32 and 40 minutes) were selected as the factors involved in response surface modeling procedure. Findings: Dimensions of magnetite nanoparticles were determined as less than 50 nm. The amounts of magnetite (Fe3O4) and hematite (Fe2O3) were measured to be 21/68 and 31/22 respectively. Conditions for the initial concentration of the dye (X1), the initial concentration of catalyst (X2), the initial concentration of hydrogen peroxide (X3) and the process time (X4) were obtained as 10 mg / L, 0.7 g / L,  10.25mmol / L, 32 min respectively. ANOVA high correlation coefficients for the proposed model was also obtained (adjusted-R2=0.945 and R2=0.897). Conclusion: In optimal conditions, the removal efficiency of the dye (Acid Orange 7) by magnetite nanoparticles is 100%.  Manuscript profile
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  5 - The role of Shia scholars in the development of Soltaniyeh’s schools in the period of Uljaito(1303 – 1316)
  Hosein Arian Mehdi Afzali
  10.30495/hstr.2023.1996392.1877
  At the height of the flourishing of culture and art in the age of Ilkhans, one of the institutions that had a great contribution to these cultural and artistic developments were the new schools established in this period.Among the most important schools of this period a More

  At the height of the flourishing of culture and art in the age of Ilkhans, one of the institutions that had a great contribution to these cultural and artistic developments were the new schools established in this period.Among the most important schools of this period are the schools of Soltaniyeh, which were established during the election of this city as the capital of Iran and flourished with the efforts of Shia scholars who came to this city at the invitation of the Mughal Sultan and continued their activities for a long time. During their presence in these schools, these scholars trained many students and authored valuable works. One of these schools is the "Seyareh School"(mobile School), which was headed by “al-Allama al-Hilli”, and it is considered a unique example of such schools and has made a significant contribution to the development of religious education at the beginning of the 14th century. In this research, while examining the history of these schools, teachers and works written by Shia scholars have been identified and remembered in them Manuscript profile
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  6 - Detection of Climate Change in Dez River Basin using Dynamical Downscaling
  SIMA RAHIMI BONDARABADI Massoud Goodarzi Tayeb raziei
  Any changes in the concentrations of greenhouse gases are causing imbalance status in system components. However, these changes along whit their effects the future should be simulated. There are different methods for the use of climate models is the most reliable.Here i More

  Any changes in the concentrations of greenhouse gases are causing imbalance status in system components. However, these changes along whit their effects the future should be simulated. There are different methods for the use of climate models is the most reliable.Here in this research, climate change status in Dez river basin where a major basin for water and agricultural yields is studied. For this purpose, the PRECIS model was used. PRECIS is an exponential dynamics downscaling model used to estimate the temperature and precipitation rates for the period of 2070 to 2100 under A2 and B2 scenarios. According to the results of climate change assessment under scenario A2 for Dez river basin, precipitation would decrease up to 22% and up to 5 degrees centigrade would rise in average maximum and minimum temperature while concerning B2 scenario, a decrease in precipitation up to 33% and a rise in temperature rise up to 3°C are estimated. Manuscript profile
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  7 - Electromechanical Analysis of Coupled Motor-Gearbox Vibrations with Planetary Gears
  Seyed Ehsan Masalegoo Ali Soleimani
  Gearbox and vibrations are two inseparable components of each other. In other words, the nature of the gear meshing in the gearbox has inevitable vibrations due to the impact during the meshing of the teeth. These unavoidable vibrations in some cases cause the gearbox t More

  Gearbox and vibrations are two inseparable components of each other. In other words, the nature of the gear meshing in the gearbox has inevitable vibrations due to the impact during the meshing of the teeth. These unavoidable vibrations in some cases cause the gearbox to malfunction, so vibration analyzes are very important and efficient in analyzing gearbox performance and optimizing them. A planetary gearbox has a main gear of the sun as the actuator in the center, several planetary gears around it and a ring gear in which this set rotates and an arm is attached to the planetary gears and acts as the output for the planetary gearbox. In this paper, first to express the desired vibration relations in the planetary gearbox. Then to investigate and apply the relations governing the electric motor in MATLAB software. In the following, the vibration model of the planetary gearbox motor coupling model is simulated in order to observe and analyze the interaction between the electric motor and the planetary gearbox. Frequency spectrum are analyzed to investigate the interaction of motor and planetary gearbox. It should be noted that dynamic modeling and analysis has been performed in ABAQUS software to extract the mesh stiffness of time-varying engagement between the teeth of the two gears involved in the planetary gearbox. Manuscript profile
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  8 - Criticism of the article "Planet and Star" by Paolo Konitch
  ali tardast
  Abstract: The scientific references of the Holy Quran have long been of interest to Muslim and non-Muslim Quran scholars, especially Orientalists. It seems that their extensive studies are based on scientific assumptions that have not yet been fully confirmed. In the a More

  Abstract: The scientific references of the Holy Quran have long been of interest to Muslim and non-Muslim Quran scholars, especially Orientalists. It seems that their extensive studies are based on scientific assumptions that have not yet been fully confirmed. In the article "Stars and Planets" by Paulo Konitch, he mentioned several verses about stars and planets and the seven heavens, but on the other hand, alienation from Scientific issues and lack of proper understanding of the appearance of the verses and ignoring linguistics and words in the interpretation and explanation of the verses have led to wrong conclusions. With the use of interpretive knowledge and the evolution of the precise tools of experimental and definitive science, the secrets of the divine verses and their wonders are revealed, and a correct insight and understanding of the verses of the Holy Qur'an emerges. In this article, an attempt has been made to criticize this orientalist's point of view. Manuscript profile
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  9 - Personality Analysis in Saadi's Gulestān and Bustān Based on the Seven Planetary Types of William Ben Ham
  Mohammad Hossein Nikdarasl Isa Bahmanyar
  10.30495/pars.2021.685483
  One of the valuable and important aspects of Saadi's works is his thoughtful attitude towards human personality and Its characteristics. Saadi's view of man, his personality, and its manifestations in different strata of society exposed in Saadi's Gulestān and Bustān, h More

  One of the valuable and important aspects of Saadi's works is his thoughtful attitude towards human personality and Its characteristics. Saadi's view of man, his personality, and its manifestations in different strata of society exposed in Saadi's Gulestān and Bustān, have significant for research. As a master psychologist and psychoanalyst, Saadi sometimes speaks as the ruler and sometimes as dervish, child, woman, thief, scholar, etc., represented the types of personality in society. William Ben Ham is a contemporary psychologist who has studied the personality of human beings in a special way. By using the beliefs of people in different civilizations and territories on the efficiency of the sky and constellations on human life and attributing human characteristics such as courage, love, knowledge, etc. to them, has provided a special perspective in the analysis of human personality. In this research, we try to show the homogeneity or heterogeneity of Saadi and William Ben Ham's works in the personality discourse by comparative reading, and to answer what is prominent similarity and alignment what is the prominent similarity and alignment of Saadi's work with Ben Ham personality method? It can be said that the remarkable frequency of this comparative research showed that the nature of Jupiter, which deals with the king-ruler, is reflected in Saadi's writings.           Manuscript profile