Model of Urban Resilience in the Face of Flood Crisis: A Case Study of Khorramroud, Khorramabad City

Subject Areas : Urban Futurology

Amirreza Parvari ¹ , Keramatollah Ziari ² , Saeid Yazdani ³

1 - Department of Urbanism, Borujerd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Borujerd, Iran.
2 - Professor, Department of Human Geography and Planning, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
3 - Department of Urbanism, Hamedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, Iran.

Received: 2024-01-01 Accepted : 2024-01-08 Published : 2024-04-29

Keywords: Urban Resilience, Flooding, Khorramroud, Khorramabad City.,

Abstract :

Resilience is one of the significant concerns of cities today, especially risky cities. The weakness of urban crisis management in the face of risks leads to substantial human and financial losses. In this regard, the present study aims to provide a model for urban resilience against flood risk in Khorramabad city. The current research is applied in terms of its purpose, descriptive-analytical in terms of the method of data collection, and survey-based in terms of its execution. The research method employed is quantitative. SMART PLS software was utilized for data analysis. The findings of the research were validated using the Smart PLS software, indicating that the structure of communication arteries and river boundaries are fundamental factors in flood resilience for Khorramabad city. Khorramroud irrigation is currently facing a flood crisis. The primary cause of flooding in the Khorramroud River is the violation of its boundaries and a lack of respect for nature and the environment. Therefore, it can be inferred that until the natural resources in the country are violated and individuals don't equip and secure themselves against natural disasters, they have to experience such bitter calamities.

References:

منابع
اسماعیلیان، یونس، حسینی عسگرآبادی، سید نعمت.(1398).¬رتبه¬بندی مؤلفه‌های تاب¬آوری شهری (نمونه موردی: شهر خرم¬آباد)¬، پنجمین کنفرانس بین¬المللی پژوهش¬های نوین در عمران، معماری، مدیریت شهری و محیط‌زیست، کرج. https://civilica.com/doc/1000486/
پروری، امیررضا، زیاری، کرامت اله، یزدانی، سعید.(1402).¬¬تحلیل و ارزیابی ابعاد تاب¬آوری شهری در مواجهه با سیلاب (مورد مطالعه: رودخانه خرم رود شهر خرم¬آباد)¬، فصلنامه مطالعات جغرافیایی مناطق کوهستانی، سال چهارم، شماره اول (پیاپی 13)، بهار 1402: 47-68. https://gsma.lu.ac.ir/article-1-465-fa.pdf
پوراحمد، احمد، حاتمی، احمد.(1401).¬ارزیابی میزان تاب‌آوری بافت تاریخی شهر کرمان در برابر زلزله و ارائه راهبردهای ارتقا آن، مجله جغرافیا، شماره 72:-37-59. https://sid.ir/paper/957659/fa
حیدری زاده، خدیجه، رحیمی، سعید، زهراکار، ناهید، جودکی، رامین.(1398). بررسی حادثه سیل خرم¬آباد، نهمین کنگره بین¬المللی سلامت در حوادث و بلایا، تهران. https://civilica.com/doc/929493/
دهقانی، سید علی نادر، شرفی، سیامک، بیرانوندزاده، مریم، حاجی ملایری، پریسا.(1396).¬کاربرد سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی در مکان¬یابی و توزیع بهینه مراکز فرهنگی شهر خرم¬آباد، دانشگاه تهران، سومین همایش ملی، جغرافیای دانشجویی.
رضایی رشنو، طلوع، حقزاد، آمنه.(1394).¬¬برنامه¬ریزی شهری و مدیریت بحران بلایای طبیعی (سیل) نمونه موردی: شهر خرم¬آباد، اولین کنفرانس بین¬المللی علوم جغرافیایی، آباده. https://civilica.com/doc/562117/
شرکت مهندسین مشاور بعد تکنیک.(1383). طرح جامع خرم¬آباد. https://infosaba.com/companies/2230/%D8%B4%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%AA-%D9%85%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86-%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1-%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%AF-%D8%AA%DA%A9%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9
صفری احمدوند، مهدی.(1402).مدیریت بحران در برابر زلزله با تأکید بر رویکرد تاب‌آوری شهری (نمونه موردی: شهر الشتر استان لرستان)، فصلنامه علمی-تخصصی رویکردهای پژوهشی نوین در مدیریت و حسابداری، تابستان 1402، شماره 89 :¬814-822. https://majournal.ir/index.php/ma/article/view/2054
مودت، الیاس.(1402). طیف‌بندی و بهینه‌سازی پراکنش تاب¬آوری شهری با استفاده از شبیه‌سازی؛ نمونه موردی: شهر ایلام، فصلنامه تحقیقات کاربردی علوم جغرافیایی، دوره 21، شماره 61:¬37-56. https://jgs.khu.ac.ir/browse.php?a_id=2974&sid=1&slc_lang=fa&ftxt=0
موسوی میرنجف، جهانگیرزاده، جواد؛ بایرام‌زاده، نیما؛ و امیدوارفر سجاد. (1402). ارزیابی میزان تحقق‌پذیری تاب‌آوری شهری در مناطق ۵ گانه شهر ارومیه. مطالعات جغرافیایی مناطق کوهستانی. ۴(۱)، ۱۴۹-۱۶۸. http://dx.doi.org/Doi:10.52547/gsma.4.1.149
میمندی پاریزی، صدیقه و طالعی، محمد.(1400).ویژگی¬های مؤثر تاب¬آوری کالبدی شهر و تعیین میزان اهمیت آن¬ها در افزایش تاب¬آوری کالبدی شهر، هفتمین کنگره سالانه بین¬المللی عمران، معماری و توسعه شهری، تهران. https://civilica.com/doc/1373639/

References:
Adger, W.C. (2000).Social and ecological resilience are they related? Progress in Human Geography,3(24): 347-364. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1191/030913200701540465
Aroca-Jiménez, E., Bodoque, J. M., & García, J. A. (2023). An Integrated Multidimensional Resilience for urban areas prone to flash floods: Development and validation, Science of The Total Environment, 164935. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0048969723035581
Brown, D. & Kulig, J. (1996/1997). The concept of resilience: Theoretical lesson from community research. Health and Canadian Society, 4(1), 29-50. https://opus.uleth.ca/handle/10133/1275
Buckle, P. (2006). Assessing social resilience. In D. Paton & D. Johnston. Disaster resilience: An integrated approach (pp.88-103). Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas https://researchers.cdu.edu.au/en/publications/disaster-resilience-an-integrated-approach
Chen, Y., Su, X., & Zhou, Q. (2020). Study on the spatiotemporal evolution and influencing factors of urban resilience in the Yellow River basin. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(19), 10231. https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/19/10231
Cutter, S. L. et al.(2008).¬A place-based model for understanding community resilience to natural disasters, Global Environmental Change:1-9. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0959378008000666
Davidson, M.A. (2006). Designing for disasters. Massachusetts coastal hazards commission, NOAA coastal services center. https://www.town.duxbury.ma.us/sites/g/files/vyhlif10506/f/uploads/coastal_hazards_final_report_2007.pdf
Dehghani, Seyed Ali Nader, Sharfi, Siamak, Biranvandzadeh, Maryam, Haji Malairi, Parisa. (2016). Application of geographic information system in locating and optimal distribution of cultural centers of Khorram Abad city, University of Tehran, Third National Conference, Student Geography. (In Persian)
DFID (1999). Department for international development. Sustainable livelihoods guide sheets. London, DFID. https://www.livelihoodscentre.org/documents/114097690/114438878/Sustainable+livelihoods+guidance+sheets.pdf/594e5ea6-99a9-2a4e-f288-cbb4ae4bea8b?t=1569512091877
Dictionary, M. W. (2002). Merriam-Webster. https://www.merriam-webster.com/
Esmailian, Yunus, Hosseini Asgarabadi, Seyed Nemat. (2018). Ranking of urban resilience components (case example: Khorramabad city), 5th international conference on modern researches in civil engineering, architecture, urban management and environment, Karaj. (In Persian) https://civilica.com/doc/1000486/
Faude, B. (2020). International Institutions in Hard Times: How Institutional Complexity Increases Resilience, Global Governance in Complex Times: Exploring New Concepts and Theories on Institutional Complexity, p. 46-54. http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/108663/1/Faude_International_institutions_in_hard_times.pdf
Foster, K. A. (2006). A case study approach to understanding regional resilience. A working paper for building resilience network. Institute of urban regional development. University of California. https://www.econstor.eu/obitstream/10419/59413/1/592535347.pdf
Garschagen, M. (2013). Resilience and organizational institutionalism from a cross-cultural perspective: an exploration based on urban climate change adaptation in Vietnam, Nat. Hazards, 67: 25–46. https://ideas.repec.org/a/spr/nathaz/v67y2013i1p25-46.html
Govindarajulu, D. (2020). Strengthening institutional and financial mechanisms for building urban resilience in India. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 47, 101549. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2212420919306557
Heidarizadeh, Khadija, Rahimi, Saeed, Zahrakar, Nahid, Jodki, Ramin. (2018). Investigation of Khorramabad flood incident, 9th International Health Congress in Accidents and Disasters, Tehran. (In Persian) https://civilica.com/l/10063/pgn-2/
Maguire, B.; Hagan, P. (2007). Disasters and communities: understanding social resilience, the Australlian journal of emergency management, 22 (2), pp. 16-19. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/27257187_Disasters_and_Communities_Understanding_Social_Resilience
Manyena, S. B. (2006). The concept of resilience revisited. Disasters, 30(4), 433-450. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.0361-3666.2006.00331.x
Mavadat, Elias. (2023). Spectrification and optimization of distribution of urban resilience using simulation; Case example: Ilam city, Geographical Sciences Quarterly, Volume 21, Number 61: 37-56. (In Persian) https://jgs.khu.ac.ir/browse.php?a_id=2974&sid=1&slc_lang=fa&ftxt=0
Meerow, S., Newell, J. P., & Stults, M. (2016). De fining urban resilience: A review, Landscape and Urban Planning, 147, 38-49. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0169204615002418
Meimandi Parisian, Siddiqa and Talei, Mohammad. (2021). the effective characteristics of the physical resilience of the city and determining their importance in increasing the physical resilience of the city, the 7th annual international congress on civil engineering, architecture and urban development. Tehran. (In Persian) https://civilica.com/doc/1373639/
Mousavi, M. N., Jahangirzadeh, J., Bayramzadeh, N. & Omidvarfar, S. (2023). Evaluation of the feasibility of urban resilience in 5 regions of Urmia city. Geographical studies of mountainous regions. 4(1), 168-149. http://dx.doi.org/Doi:10.52547/gsma.4.1.149 (In Persian)
Norris, F.H., Stevens, S.P., Pfefferbaum, B., Wyche, K.F., & Pfefferbaum, R. L. (2008). Community resilience as a metaphor, theory, set of capacities, and strategy for disaster readiness, American Journal of Community Psychology, 41(1-2): 127-150. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10464-007-9156-6
Parvari, Amirreza, Ziyari, Karamat Elah, Yazdani, Saeed. (2023). Analyzing and evaluating the dimensions of urban resilience in the face of floods (Study case: Khorramroud, Khorram Abad city), Quarterly Journal of Geographical Studies of Mountainous Regions. Fourth year, first issue (13 in a row), spring 1402: 47-68. (In Persian) https://gsma.lu.ac.ir/article-1-465-fa.pdf
Pourahmad, Ahmad, Hatami, Ahmad. (2022). Evaluation of the resilience of the historic fabric of Kerman city against earthquakes and presenting strategies for its improvement, Geography Magazine, No. 72: 37-59. (In Persian) https://sid.ir/paper/957659/fa
Rezaei Reshno, Toloe, Haqzad, Amane. (2014). Urban planning and crisis management of natural disasters (floods) case study: Khorramabad city, First International Conference of Geographical Sciences, Abadah. (In Persian) https://civilica.com/doc/562117/
Safari Ahmadvand, Mahdi. (2023). Crisis Management against Earthquakes with an emphasis on urban Resilience approach (case example: Aleshtar city, Lorestan province), scientific-specialist quarterly of new research approaches in management and accounting, summer 2023, number 89: 814 -822. https://majournal.ir/index.php/ma/article/view/2054
Technical Consulting Engineers Co. (2004). Comprehensive plan of Khorramabad. (In Persian) https://infosaba.com/companies/2230/%D8%B4%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%AA-%D9%85%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86-%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1-%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%AF-%D8%AA%DA%A9%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9
Thomson, G., & Newman, P. (2018). Urban fabrics and urban metabolism–from sustainable to Regenerative, cities, Resources, Conservation and Recycling (132), 218-229. https://sustainability.curtin.edu.au/wp-content/uploads/sites/31/2018/03/UrbanFabricsandUrbanMetabolism.pdf
Tierney, K. (2007). The importance of social resilience. The USC School of Policy, Planning, and Development, University of South Carolina, SPPD Community Connection. https://www.academia.edu/43104330/Community_resilience_planning_for_emergency_preparedness
Tobin, G.A. (1999).Sustainability and community resilience: The holy grail of hazards Planning, Environmental Hazards, 1, 13–25. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1464286799000029
Wang, B., Loo, B. P., Zhen, F., & Xi, G. (2020). Urban resilience from the lens of social media data: Responses to urban flooding in Nanjing, China. Cities, 106, 102884. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343586911_Urban_resilience_from_the_lens_of_social_media_data_Responses_to_urban_flooding_in_Nanjing_China
Wasileski, G., Rodriguez, H. and Diaz, W. (2011). Business closure and relocation: a comparative analysis of the Loma Prieta earthquake and Hurricane Andrew, Disasters, 35(1):102-129. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/45719045_Business_closure_and_relocation_Acomparative_analysis_of_the_Loma_Prieta_earthquake_and_Hurricane_Andrew
Yates. D and Paquette. S. (2011). Emergency knowledge management social media technologies: A case study of the 2010 Haitian earthquake, International Journal of Information Management. vol. 31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2010.10.001
Yu, R., Cheng, J., Su, X., & Liang, L. (2023).¬Tourism smallholders’ perceived risks, resilience, and response strategies in the upper reaches of the Yihe River, China. Ecological Indicators, 154, 110491. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X23006337
Zollie, A., Healy, A. (2012). Resilience why things bounce back, New York. The Free press.325p. https://books.google.com/books/about/Resilience.html?id=1jSdGYHbSQ0C