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        1 - The effect of putrescine foliar application on physiologic characteristics of wheat Tiriticum aestivum var sw-82-9 under cut irrigation stress
        zahra Karimi Hamid Reza Tohidi Moghadam Pourang Kasraee
        This experiment was conducted to effect of putrescine foliar application on physiologic characteristics of wheat (Tiriticum aestivum var sw-82-9) under water deficit stress as split pilot arrangement and randomized complete block design with three replication ( 12 plots More
        This experiment was conducted to effect of putrescine foliar application on physiologic characteristics of wheat (Tiriticum aestivum var sw-82-9) under water deficit stress as split pilot arrangement and randomized complete block design with three replication ( 12 plots) at Islamic Azad University farm. The main split including four irrigation levels: normal irrigation, withholding irrigation in stem elongation , withholding irrigation in flowering and withholding irrigation in grain filling and the secondary plot including foliar application  with purred water, Putrescine foliar applications with 75 and 150 ppm.The maximum protein yield and percent was in grain filling and foliar application of putrescine (150 ppm) with 509.8 kg.ha-1  and 8.61% whereas minimum protein yield was in withholding irrigation in flowering with 387.03 and 6.5 % .Withholding irrigation in different stages of plant lifespan decreased chlorophyll a,b , a+b contents and relative water contents whereas increased protein content, proline and electrical conductivity. Putrescine foliar applications with 150 ppm improved all the mentioned characteristics to normal irrigation Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        2 - The effect of putrescine foliar application on morphologic characteristics of wheat Tiriticum aestivum var sw-82-9 under water deficit stress
        zahra Karimi Hamidreza Tohidi Moghadam Pourangh Kasraie
        This experiment was conducted to effect of putrescine foliar application on morphologic characteristics of wheat (Tiriticum aestivum var sw-82-9) under water deficit stress as split pilot arrangement and randomized complete block design with three replication (12 plots) More
        This experiment was conducted to effect of putrescine foliar application on morphologic characteristics of wheat (Tiriticum aestivum var sw-82-9) under water deficit stress as split pilot arrangement and randomized complete block design with three replication (12 plots) at Islamic Azad University farm. The main split including four irrigation levels: normal irrigation, withholding irrigation in stem elongation, withholding irrigation in flowering and withholding irrigation in grain filling and the secondary plot including foliar application with purred water, Putrescine foliar applications with 75 and 150 ppm. Minimum plant and ear length were in withholding irrigation in stem elongation with 70.29 and 8.86 cm, respectively while the mentioned characteristics in Putrescine foliar applications with 150 ppm were 84.04 and 11.06, respectively. Maximum plant and ear length in normal irrigation with putrescine foliar applications 150 ppm were 84.4 and 10.63 cm, respectively. Minimum grain yield and harvest index were at withholding irrigation in flowering with 5045.7 and 38.16 % and Maximum grain yield and harvest index were at normal irrigation with putrescine foliar applications stage with 150 ppm, 6428.3 and 42.8 %, respectively. Putrescine foliar application in all groups ameliorated grain yield, wheat length, thousand of grain weight, biological yield and number of ear per mm2 and seen positive correlation. Putrescine foliar application increased plant length (81.27 cm) ear length (11.06 cm) grain yield (6528.3 Kg.ha) and harvest index (43.24 %) with respect to control group. It seems putrescine foliar application modified morphologic traits. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        3 - Effect of foliar application of putrescine on antioxidative defense of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. var sw _82_9) under water deficit stress
        Zahra Karimi Hamid Reza Tohidi Moghadam Pourang Kasraei
        This study was carried out to assess effect of foliar application of putrescine on biochemical enzymes of wheat (Triticum aestivum L .var sw _82_9) under water deficit stress as split factorial experiment with complete randomized  block design ,four treatment and t More
        This study was carried out to assess effect of foliar application of putrescine on biochemical enzymes of wheat (Triticum aestivum L .var sw _82_9) under water deficit stress as split factorial experiment with complete randomized  block design ,four treatment and three replication of putrescine on a farm at Islamic Azad University, Varamin branch at 2014. main plots were including four irrigation treatments (Normal irrigation, irrigation withholding at stem elongation stage, irrigation with holding at flowering stage and irrigation withholding at seed filling period stage) and in sub plot units putrescine was used at three concentrations (0, 150 and 300ppm).Results showed that the highest SOD and the lowest SOD and CAT activities belonged to irrigation withholding at seed filling period stage and normal irrigation ,respectively(P < 0.05). The highest and lowest MDA activity belonged to foliar application of putrescine at 0 and 150 ppm, respectively. Putrescine foliar application decreased proline malondialdehyde and dityrosine in leaves by reduction of water deficit stress. In addition, plants were preferred putrescine utilize as a scavenger than the enhancement enzyme activity in against stress and perhaps putrescine foliar application with 150ppm concentration could indirectly decrease oxidative stress.                 Manuscript profile