Providing a model to investigate the impact of emerging adulthood components on psychological well-being of youth mediated by self-concept
Subject Areas : PsychologyPardis Banabehbahani 1 , Reza Ghorban Jahromi 2 , Bita Nasrolahi 3 , Farhad Jomehri 4
1 - Department of Psychology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2 - Assistant professor of Department of Psychology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
3 - Assistant professor of Department of Psychology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
4 - Assistant professor of Department of Psychology, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran.
Keywords: psychological well-being, emerging adulthood, self-concept, Youth,
Abstract :
Emerging adulthood is a new developmental period which components affects various personal psychological factors. The purpose of this study was to present a model to investigate the impact of emerging adulthood components on psychological well-being of youth mediated by self-concept. This study was a descriptive study with a correlation design in the framework of causal models. 395 participants (51% male) in the age range of 18 to 25 years were randomly selected from the educational centers of Ahvaz (In the 98-99 academic year). Participants responded online to Arnett Inventory of Dimensions of Emerging Adulthood (Reifman, Arnett, & Colwell, 2007), Ryff's Psychological Well-Being Scale (Ryff, 1989), and Beck Self-Concept Test (Beck, Steer, Epstein, & Brown, 1990). Path analysis method was used to analyze the results. The results showed the average self-concept and above-average scores psychological well-being. The results confirmed the strong significant positive direct impact of emerging adulthood components on self-concept (Identity Exploration: 0/272; Possibilities: 0/210; Instability: 0/318; Focus on others: 0/245; Self-focus: 0/230; Feeling in-between: 0/213), as well as self-concept on psychological well-being 0/799 (p<0.01). Also, instability 0/247 (p<0.01), identity exploration 0/217 (p<0.05) and possibilities 0/205 (p<0.05) are impacted on psychological well-being by mediating self-concept. The results showed that individuals experiencing emerging adulthood had a better psychological well-being, due to their improved self-concept.
Alborzi, J., & Dashtbozorgi, B.(2018). Comparative Study of Self-concept of Students at Ahvaz Nursing and Midwifery School. Salmand: Journal of JundiShapur Educational Development, 9(4), 243-253 [Persian].
Arnett, J. J. (2018). Conceptual foundations of emerging adulthood. In Emerging adulthood and higher education (pp. 11-24). Routledge.
Arnett, J.J. (2015). Emerging adulthood: The winding road from the late teens through the twenties (2nd edition). Oxford University Press.
Arnett, J. J. (2014). Emerging adulthood: The winding road from the late teens through the twenties. Oxford University Press .
Azzopardi, P., Kennedy, E., & Patton, G. (2017). Data and indicators to measure adolescent health, social development and well-being. Florence: UNICEF Office of Research, Innocenti.
Bayani, A, A., Koocheky, A, M., & Bayani, A. (2008). Reliability and validity of Ryff's psychological well-being scales. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, 14, 146-151 [Persian].
Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., Epstein, N., & Brown, G. (1990). Beck self-concept test. Psychological Assessment: A Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 2(2), 191.
Compton, W. C., & Hoffman, E. (2019). Positive psychology: The science of happiness and flourishing. SAGE Publications.
Cote, J. E. (2006). Emerging Adulthood as an Institutionalized Moratorium: Risks and Benefits to Identity Formation.
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2008). Hedonia, eudaimonia, and well-being: An introduction. Journal of happiness studies, 9(1), 1-11.
Falsafi, N., & Nemat Tavousi, M. (2019). The Role of Identity Dimensions in Self-Esteem and Psychological Well-Being in Emerging Adulthood. Developmental Psychology (Journal of Iranian Psychologists), 15(59), 255-236 [Persian].
Fathi, M. R., Kiamanesh, A., & Jomehri, F. (2018). The Role of Human Agency, Gender and Age in Identity Characteristics: Arnett's Emerging Adulthood. Developmental Psychology (Journal of Iranian Psychologists), 15(57), 33-44 [Persian].
Fathi-Ashtiani, A., & Dastani, M. (Ed.10). (2013). Psychological tests: personality and mental health. Tehran: Besat Press [Persian].
Gattario, K. H., & Frisén, A. (2019). From negative to positive body image: Men’s and women’s journeys from early adolescence to emerging adulthood. Body Image, 28, 53-65.
Gray, J. S., Ozer, D. J., & Rosenthal, R. (2017). Goal conflict and psychological well-being: A meta-analysis. Journal of Research in Personality, 66, 27-37.
Hakhmigari, M. K., Michaeli, Y., Dickson, D. J., Scharf, M., & Shulman, S. (2019). Personality maturation among emerging adults and future career success. Career Development International.
Hanley, A. W., & Garland, E. L. (2017). Clarity of mind: Structural equation modeling of associations between dispositional mindfulness, self-concept clarity and psychological well-being. Personality and individual differences, 106, 334-339.
Hattie, J. (2014). Self-concept. Psychology Press.
Henig, R. M., & Henig, S. (2013). Twentysomething: why do young adults seem stuck?. Plume.
Hernandez, R., Bassett, S. M., Boughton, S. W., Schuette, S. A., Shiu, E. W., & Moskowitz, J. T. (2018). Psychological well-being and physical health: Associations, mechanisms, and future directions. Emotion Review, 10(1), 18-29.
https://www.amar.org.ir /سرشماری-عمومی-نفوس-و-مسکن/نتایج-سرشماری[Persian].
Jorgensen, N. A., & Nelson, L. J. (2018). Moving toward and away from others: Social orientations in emerging adulthood. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 58, 66-76.
Karaś, D., Cieciuch, J., Negru, O., & Crocetti, E. (2015). Relationships between identity and well-being in Italian, Polish, and Romanian emerging adults. Social Indicators Research, 121(3), 727-743.
Khanjani, M., Shahidi, S., Fathabadi, J., Mazaheri, M. J., & Shokri, O. (2014). Factor structure and psychometric properties of the Ryff’s scale of Psychological well-being, short form (18-item) among male and female students. The Journal of Thought & Behavior in Clinical Psychology (JTBCP), 9(32), 27-36 [Persian].
Nelson, S. C., Kling, J., Wängqvist, M., Frisén, A., & Syed, M. (2018). Identity and the body: Trajectories of body esteem from adolescence to emerging adulthood. Developmental psychology, 54(6), 1159.
Orang S., Hashemi Razini H., Ramshini M., & Orang T. (2018). Investigating the Meaning of Life and Psychological Well-being, in Youth, Adults, and Elderly (A Comparative Study of Three Age Groups). Salmand: Iranian Journal of Ageing, 13(2), 182-197 [Persian].
Pasandide, M. M., & Zare, L. (2016). An Analysis of well-being psychiatric aspects of tolerance and sense of humour between patients who suffer from coronary artery disease and healthy individuals. Quarterly Journal of Health Psychology, 5(20), 88-108 [Persian].
Reifman, A., Arnett, J. J., & Colwell, M. J. (2007). Emerging adulthood: Theory, assessment and application. Journal of Youth Development, 2(1), 37-48.
Ritchie, T. D., Sedikides, C., Wildschut, T., Arndt, J., & Gidron, Y. (2011). Self-concept clarity mediates the relation between stress and subjective well-being. Self and Identity, 10(4), 493-508.
Ryff, C. D., & Singer, B. H. (2008). Know thyself and become what you are: A eudaimonic approach to psychological well-being. Journal of happiness studies, 9(1), 13-39.
Sadeghi Sarcheshme, A., Sam Aram, A. A., & Allahyari, T. (2018). Social factors affecting the level of social health of youth in Yazd. Militari Knowledge of Yazd province, 5(17), 95-102 [Persian].
Sharon, T. (2016). Constructing adulthood: Markers of adulthood and well-being among emerging adults. Emerging Adulthood, 4(3), 161-167.
Sheyvandi, K., Naeimi, A., & Farshad, M. R. (2016). The structural model of self-compassion and psychological well-being, self-esteem and body image among female students of Shiraz University with mediator. Clinical Psychology Studies, 6(24), 115-132 [Persian].
Tanner, J. L. (2006). Recentering During Emerging Adulthood: A Critical Turning Point in Life Span Human Development.
Van Dierendonck, D. (2004). The construct validity of Ryff's Scales of Psychological Well-being and its extension with spiritual well-being. Personality and individual differences, 36(3), 629-643.
Viola, M. M., Musso, P., Ingoglia, S., Coco, A. L., & Inguglia, C. (2017). Relationships between career indecision, search for work self-efficacy, and psychological well-being in Italian never-employed young adults. Europe's journal of psychology, 13(2), 231.
Wissing, M. P., & Du Toit, M. M. (1994, July). Relations of NEO-PI-R dimensions (NEO-FFI) to sense of coherence (SOC) and other measures of psychological well-being. In 23rd International Congress of Applied Psychology, Madrid, Spain.
_||_