Mental health of elementary students in Corona pandemic: A key role of health literacy

Subject Areas : Research in Curriculum Planning

Najmeh Jafari ¹ ( PhD student in Curriculum Planning Studies, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran )
alireza araghieeh ² ( Associate Professor, Department of Educational Sciences, Islamshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Islamshahr, Iran. )
Alireza Asareh ³ ( Professor, Department of Educational Sciences, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran )
Mehdi Davaei ⁴ ( Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Sciences, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran )
Hamid Moghaddasi ⁵ ( Professor, Department of Educational Sciences, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran )

Received: 2021-09-12 Accepted : 2022-02-05 Published : 2022-05-22

Keywords: mental health, health literacy, Corona epidemic,

Abstract :

The aim of this study was to evaluate the mental health of primary school students in Corona pandemic with emphasis on health literacy. The research method is applied based on the purpose and based on the nature and method of the research, the quality is thematic analysis (content network) and cross-sectional in terms of data collection time. The statistical population includes all mothers with children in primary school living in Qom at the time of coronavirus outbreak. To determine the samples of this research, purposive sampling method and snowball method (up to theoretical saturation) have been used. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview. Theme analysis or theme analysis was used to analyze the data. Findings from the interview were extracted and classified into 7 main themes and 25 sub-themes. The results of this study showed that the prevalence of Covid 19 disease with psychological problems such as (behavioral and emotional problems, self-regulation problems, anxiety and fear, problems related to coping and coping strategies, experience of misbehavior and emotional harassment, depressed mood and stress ) Has been associated with the children studied. The prevalence of coronavirus affects the mental health of children and its serious effects on various aspects of their personal, family, social, educational life are evident, and illiteracy is a threat to mental health and disrupts social health.

References:

Aardema, F. (2020). COVID-19, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Invisible Life Forms that Threaten the Self. Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 100558.

Ahmed MZ, Ahmed O, Aibao Z, Hanbin S, Siyu L, Ahmad A. Epidemic of COVID-19 in China and associated Psychological Problems. Asian Journal of Psychiatry. 2020; 51:102092.

Anser, M. K., Yousaf, Z., Khan, M. A., Nassani, A. A., Alotaibi, S. M., Qazi Abro, M. M., Vo, X. V., & Zaman, K. (2020). Do communicable diseases (including COVID-19) may increase global poverty risk? A cloud on the horizon. Environmental Research, 187, 109668.

Attride-Stirling, J. (2001), “Thematic Networks: An Analytic Tool for Qualitative Research”, Qualitative Research, Vol. 1, No. 3, Pp. 385-405.

Brooks SK, Webster RK, Smith LE, Woodland L, Wessely S, Greenberg N, et al. The psychological impact of quarantine and how

 

to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. The Lancet. 2020.

Dalton, L., Rapa, E., & Stein, A. (2020). Protecting the psychological health of children through effective communication about COVID-19. The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health, 4(5), 346-347.

Das, N., Narnoli, S., Kaur, A., & Sarkar, S. (2020). Pandemic, panic, and psychiatrists – What should be done before, during, and after COVID-19? Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 53, 102206.

Fegert, J. M., Vitiello, B., Plener, P. L., & Clemens, V. (2020). Challenges and burden of the Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic for child and adolescent mental health: a narrative review to highlight clinical and research needs in the acute phase and the long return to normality. Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health, 14, 1-11.

Ghosh, R., Dubey, M. J., Chatterjee, S., & Dubey, S. (2020). Impact of COVID-19 on children: Special focus on psychosocial aspect. education, 31, 34-42.

Gong, B., Zhang, S., Yuan, L., & Chen, K. Z. (2020). A balance act: minimizing economic loss while controlling novel coronavirus pneumonia. Journal of Chinese Governance, 4, 1-20.

Grechyna, D. (2020). Health threats associated with children lockdown in Spain during COVID-19. Available at SSRN, 1, 356-376.

Hagerty, S. L., & Williams, L. M. (2020). The impact of COVID-19 on mental health: The interactive roles of brain biotypes and human connection. Brain, Behavior, & Immunity - Health, 5, 100078.

Hölling, H., Schlack, R., Petermann, F., Ravens-Sieberer, U., Mauz, E., & KiGGS Study Group. (2014). Psychopathological problems and psychosocial impairment in children and adolescents aged 3-17 years in the German population: prevalence and time trends at two measurement points. Bundesgesundheitsblatt, 57(7), 807-812.

Humphreys, K. L., Myint, M. T., & Zeanah, C. H. (2020). Increased risk for family violence during the COVID-19 pandemic. Pediatrics, 145(4), 1-10.

Lee, J. (2020). Mental health effects of school closures during COVID-19. The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health, 4(6), 421

Liu, J. J., Bao, Y., Huang, X., Shi, J., & Lu, L. (2020). Mental health considerations for children quarantined because of COVID-19. The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health, 4(5), 347-349.

Maaravi, Y., & Heller, B. (2020). Not all worries were created equal: The case of COVID-19 anxiety. Public Health. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2020.06.032

 Mason F, Farley A, Pallan M, Sitch A, Easter C, Daley AJ. Effectiveness of a brief behavioural intervention to prevent weight gain over the Christmas holiday period: randomized controlled trial. BMJ. 2018;363.

Maynard, M. S., Perlman, C. M., & Kirkpatrick, S. I. (2019). Food insecurity and perceived anxiety among adolescents: An analysis of data from the 2009-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Journal of Hunger & Environmental Nutrition, 14 (3), 339-351.

Park, I., Oh, S. M., Lee, K. H., Kim, S., Jeon, J. E., Lee, H. Y., & Lee, Y. J. (2020). The moderating effect of sleep disturbance on the association of stress with impulsivity and depressed mood. Psychiatry Investigation, 17 (3), 243-433.

Roccella, M. (2020). Children and Coronavirus Infection (Covid-19): What to Tell Children to Avoid Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). The Open Pediatric Medicine Journal, 10 (1). 14-19.

Shaw, S. C. K. (2020). Hopelessness, helplessness and resilience: The importance of safeguarding our trainees' mental wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic. Nurse Education in Practice, 44, 102780.

Shen, K., Yang, Y., Wang, T., Zhao, D., Jiang, Y., Jin, R., & Shang, Y. (2020). Diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of 2019 novel coronavirus infection in hhildrnn: xxrrrts’ nnneensss statemnnt. World journal of pediatrics, 5, 1-9.

 Sprang G, Silman M. Posttraumatic stress disorder in parents and youth after health-related disasters. Disaster medicine and public health preparedness. 2013;7(1):105-10.

Taghizadeh-Hesary, F., & Akbari, H. (2020). The powerful immune system against powerful COVID-19: A hypothesis. Medical Hypotheses, 140, 109762. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109762.

Tavousi M, Ebadi M, Azin A, Shakerinejad G, Hashemi A, Fattahi E(2014). Definitions of health literacy: a review of the literature. Payesh ؛ 13(1):119 – 24.

Viner, R. M., Russell, S. J., Croker, H., Packer, J., Ward, J., Stansfield, C., ... & Booy, R. (2020). School closure and management practices during coronavirus outbreaks including COVID-19: a rapid systematic review. The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health. 4, 1-8.

 Wang G, Zhang Y, Zhao J, Zhang J, Jiang F. Mitigate the effects of home confinement on children during the COVID-19 outbreak. The Lancet. 2020; 395 (10228):945-7.

World Health Organization (2020). COVID-19 situation.2020. Accessed: 7 Jun 2020.

Yuan, B., Li, W., Liu, H., Cai, X., Song, S., Zhao, J., Hu, X., Li, Z., Chen, Y., Zhang, K., Liu, Z., Peng, J., Wang, C., Wang, J., & An, Y. (2020). Correlation between immune response and self-reported depression during convalescence from COVID-19. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity.