Modeling the relationship between building density, green spaces, and thermal comfort in dense urban areas of Tehran

Subject Areas :

pedram alibeiki ¹ , شادی عزیزی ^{2 *} , Hamid Reza Mousavi ³

1 -
2 - گروه معماری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران مرکزی، تهران، ایران.
3 - عضو هیأت علمی دانشکده هنر ، گروه هنر، دانشکده هنر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران مرکزی، شهر تهران، کشور ایران

Received: 2024-10-18 Accepted : 2025-01-09 Published : 2025-09-21

Keywords: Urban Heat Island, Urban density, Green Space, Thermal Comfort.,

Abstract :

Urbanization and industrialization have led to increased urban density and adverse environmental effects such as the urban heat island phenomenon in megacities like Tehran. This study investigates the relationship between building density, green spaces, and thermal comfort in District 10 of Tehran, a high-density urban area, through parametric modeling. By calculating the urban density index and conducting a two-week field survey, as well as defining scenarios of reduced density and increased green spaces using ENVI-met simulations, this study examines the impacts of these factors. Results indicate that altering urban development patterns, reducing longitudinal density in combination with green spaces and park development, can improve microclimatic conditions, reduce energy consumption, and lower air temperatures by 3-4 degrees Celsius through increased shading, plant evapotranspiration, and ventilation via connective spaces. Findings of this study highlight the importance of appropriate urban geometry, consideration of density, and increased green spaces as key factors in enhancing thermal comfort for residents in high-density areas with hot and dry climates.

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