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List of Articles
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Open Access Article
1 - Assessment of effluent pollution from trout farms: (A case study of Sardab spring of Ardal, Iran)
Sahar Aminian Rasool Zamani-Ahmadmahmoodi Nikokhah NikokhahBackground and Objective: One of the sources of pollution in rivers is effluent discharge from fish farms, which decreases water quality for downstream usage. This study investigated the effects of trout farms’ effluent on the levels of physicochemical parameters in Sar MoreBackground and Objective: One of the sources of pollution in rivers is effluent discharge from fish farms, which decreases water quality for downstream usage. This study investigated the effects of trout farms’ effluent on the levels of physicochemical parameters in Sardab spring. Material and Methodology: To assess contamination from the effluent, five trout farms along the margin of the river were selected. In summer and autumn 2016, this study analyzed the levels of physicochemical parameters of trout farm effluent, such as pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, electrical conductivity, nitrate, ammonia, phosphate and turbidity. Findings: According to the obtained results, no significant differences were detected between pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, ammonia, phosphate, and turbidity in the two seasons (t-test, p>0.05), but a significant difference between levels of nitrate was found in these time periods (t-test, p<0.05). Discussion and Conclusion: The overall level of physicochemical parameters in that summer was higher compared to autumn. The increase in the levels of the investigated parameters in warm weather is probably due to increased temperature and decreased discharge. Rapid population growth in the area of Ardal and the demand for protein foods makes monitoring of the levels of physicochemical parameters of fish farms necessary. In addition to the mentioned factors, increasing the metabolic activities and density of fish in this season can increase the amount of physical and chemical parameters. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Obstacles and Challenges of Implementing New Procedures of International Environmental Law in Iranian Law
Fatemeh Sadat Ojaghzadeh Mohammadi Ali mashhadi Alireza ArashpoorThere are many international treaties and modern procedures in environmental protection which are subject tothe modern legal principles and rules that can contribute greatly to the expansion of International Environmental Laws. The procedure of most modern treaties has MoreThere are many international treaties and modern procedures in environmental protection which are subject tothe modern legal principles and rules that can contribute greatly to the expansion of International Environmental Laws. The procedure of most modern treaties has been based on compensation for environmental damages in a way that even the treaties and conventions that did not mention compensation for damages in the past were amended in the following editions and sessions. Iran, likemany other countries, is a member of Protocols, Conventions, and Environmental Treaties such as Climate Change Convention, Ramsar Convention, Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer, Basel Convention, Cartagena Protocol, Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution, but it (Iran) has not been very successful in Environmental Laws and implementation of Legal Practices in Environmental Protection in such a way that there is not much obligation regarding Environmental Protection and in cases where the government itself is the damaging party (side) to the environment, Real Entities or Private Non-Governmental Organization are in no position to defend or make Environmental Complaints against the Government. Also, Iran’s Legal Policy for the Environmental Compensation of environmental damagesis based on the Theory of Fault and practically there are a lot of problems for the injured party to prove the fault. Therefore, the primary reason for the difficultiesof implementing the Modern Practices of International Environmental Law in Iranian Law is due to the infirmity andapproval of Environmental Laws as well as the lack of obligation of the Government and Institutions to implement the international convention. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Investigation of Temporal – spatial variations of particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) in Tehran city Using GIS (2013-2020)
Maryam Ansari Mahmoud Ahmadi Gholamreza GoudarziBackground and Objective: Metropolis of Tehran is one of the most polluted cities in the world. The present study aims to analyze the temporal-spatial behavior of particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) in Tehran city. Material and Methodology: Thus, pollution- metric sta MoreBackground and Objective: Metropolis of Tehran is one of the most polluted cities in the world. The present study aims to analyze the temporal-spatial behavior of particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) in Tehran city. Material and Methodology: Thus, pollution- metric station data of Tehran Air Quality Control Company were used for evaluating the variations of air pollutants in temporal-spatial scales during 2013-2020. The results of statistical analysis of pollutant distribution in temporal-spatial scales were provided by using Arc GIS software and analytical function of inverse Distance Weighting interpolation (IDW) as maps, tables and graphs was demonstrated. Findings: Based on the results, particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) reached the minimum (65 and 23 µg/m3) and maximum concentration (81 and 30 µg/m3) at 18 and 24 p.m., respectively. In addition, maximum (81 and 30 µg/m3) and minimum concentration (73 and 23 µg/m3) of these pollutants was respectively related to Wednesday and Friday. Maximum seasonal concentration of particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) relates to summer (90 µg/m3) and winter (35 µg/m3) respectively and the minimum seasonal concentration (65 and 24 µg/m3) of both pollutants relate to spring. The results of inverse Distance Weighting interpolation (IDW) indicated that west, south and central regions of Tehran in summer season involved with particulate matter (PM10) more than other regions. But in all seasons, except the western and southern regions, the central regions have a high concentration of particulate matter (PM2.5). Discussion and Conclusion: The particulate matter concentrations is more than its allowable limit in specific regions of Tehran in some yearly days and months. Therefore, city programmers and decision_ makers must have schedule table for particulate matter control management and air pollution reduction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Development of Lean Integrated Management Model on the Challenge of Sustainable Development in the Environmental Dimension (Case Study: Manufacturing Industries of Qazvin Province)
Mohammad Sohrab Beigi Mohammad Reza Bagherzadeh Masoud Yousefzadeh Mohammad Hassan ShakkiBackground and Objective: Organizations are affected by changing and competitive needs, regional and global laws and regulations, customer requirements as well as stakeholder expectations, and to achieve and achieve their desired results, need effective and efficient me MoreBackground and Objective: Organizations are affected by changing and competitive needs, regional and global laws and regulations, customer requirements as well as stakeholder expectations, and to achieve and achieve their desired results, need effective and efficient methods and systems. Therefore, the establishment of an integrated management system with different approaches such as quality, environment, safety and other issues required by the organization will be a desirable solution. Integrated management systems are actually aimed at integrating and integrating the three systems; Quality management, environmental management and safety management have been proposed in order to achieve a comprehensive management system. Organizations with the idea of continuous improvement and superior and creative attitude in scientific and correct management of resources need to implement this system. Material and Methodology: The research method is combined and based on exploratory mix (qualitative-quantitative). The statistical population in the qualitative part was 40 elite professors in the field of management and in the quantitative part was 560 artisans of Qazvin province. Relative cluster sampling method was distributed among 350 samples. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by face and content method and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha. Data were analyzed by exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis with SPSS and AMOS software. Findings: The results of the qualitative section indicate that the model of promoting lean integrated management based on sustainable development in 4 dimensions of program, implementation, control and improvement is based on 5 axes. Discussion and Conclusion: Elements of promoting lean integrated management include three levels: a) Macro: cultural level promotion, technological upgrade, integration of management systems, systemic attitude, attention to the biological ecology of the organization, b) intermediate level: purposeful communication with other industries, Develop integrated strategies, pay attention to organizational changes in organizational management decisions, align the organization to achieve goals, create organizational affiliation, accountability and management commitment, goal setting, c) Micro level: empowerment of human resources, organizational justice, establishing knowledge management, employee participation, management Performance, continuous improvement, 2- Underlying factors: managerial characteristics, economic conditions, environmental conditions of the organization, social culture 3- Interfering factors: political factors, economic factors, social factors, biological factors, 4- Consequences: economic, social, environmental 5- Continuous improvement strategies. Manuscript profile
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