IAU Entomological Research Journal: 1 (1)

Open Access Article

1 - The seasonal population changes of the Citrus Soft Scale, Pulvinaria aurantii (Hemiptera: Coccidae), and its distribution pattern in citrus orchards
M. R. Damavandian

Increase in cetrus damage by Pulvinaria aurantii in recent years and more pressure of pesticides application by farmer are two urgent problems of citrus production in north of Iran. To apply pesticides in a right time that is a component of integrated pest management (I More

Increase in cetrus damage by Pulvinaria aurantii in recent years and more pressure of pesticides application by farmer are two urgent problems of citrus production in north of Iran. To apply pesticides in a right time that is a component of integrated pest management (IPM), seasonal changes of citrus soft scale, Pulvinaria aurantii (Cockerell) densities was studied in central and eastern part of Mazandaran province from 2007 to 2009. There wene two annual generations per year. The first, designated as the summer generation, appeared from June to September, and the second, designated as the autumn generation, appeared from September to the following June. The maximum population of crawlers and first instar of second generation were seen during the last 10 days of june and for first generation during the late of September and beginning of October which is the best time for controlling the pest. Parameter b of Taylor's power low is an index of dispersion that in ordinary population was 9.4, suggested an aggregated dispersion pattern on one tree, however in high population ( b= 1.57) it became close to random. There was no significant difference between the number of P. aurantii in different geographical direction and inside canopy of the tree in comparison with outside the tree canopy. However, in orchard with no suitable pruning, always P. aurantii population was high. Furthermore, the enough spaw between trees and pruning, cause to decrease infestation by the pest from 25.1% to 8.3%. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - بررسی اثر کاربرد توام حشره کش پیری پروکسی فن و قارچ بیمارگر (Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff روی موریانه خاک زی Amitermes vilis در شرایط آزمایشگاهی
M. Rashid A. Baghdadi A. Sheykhi Garjan M. Ghazavi

Termites are one of the most important insect pests in many countries of the world such as Iran. The use of Insect growth regulators (IGRs) together with entomopathogenic fungi is one of the strategies of IPM against these pests. In this study, The effect pyriproxyfen&n More

Termites are one of the most important insect pests in many countries of the world such as Iran. The use of Insect growth regulators (IGRs) together with entomopathogenic fungi is one of the strategies of IPM against these pests. In this study, The effect pyriproxyfen  with M. anisopliae was assayed on worker termite of Amitermes vilis. In order to determine the LC50 of insecticides, bioassay tests were carried out on  worker termites. The LC50 of M. anisopliae was 8.5× 103 spores/ml and LC50 for pyriproxyfen was 9.56  mg/L. Three concentrations of entomopathogenic fungus including 5× 101, 5× 102 and 103 spores/ml were mixed with LC15 (0.5 ppm) of pyriproxyfen. The bioassay of the three mixtures on worker termites showed that M. anisopliae and pyriproxyfen had  an additive interaction and the mixture of fungi concentrations with pyriproxyfen can be used for termite control. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Study on the effect of aphid species and its host plant on feeding rate and longevity of Chrysoperla carnea (Neur.:Chrysopidae)
S. Farahi Sh. Hesami M. Gheibi

The effect of aphid species and its host plant on feeding rate and longevity of green lacewing(Chrysoperlacarnea) was studied. The Sitobion avenae and Aphis nerriwere selected as the hosts of green lacewing. In this study, we used A.nerri, S.avenaefed on wheat as main h More

The effect of aphid species and its host plant on feeding rate and longevity of green lacewing(Chrysoperlacarnea) was studied. The Sitobion avenae and Aphis nerriwere selected as the hosts of green lacewing. In this study, we used A.nerri, S.avenaefed on wheat as main host and S. avenae fed on oleander as compulsory host to study feeding rate and longevity of Ch.carneaThe experiments were conducted in laboratory conditions (25 ± 2 ˚C 70±5 % RH and photoperiod of 16L: 8D). Based on the data obtained, Significant effects of aphid species and their the host plants on feeding rate and longevity of green lacewing were observed. The average feeding rate of 2nd instar larvae of Ch. carneaon wheat aphid fed on wheat, oleander aphid and wheat aphid fed on oleander were 40.3±0.98, 19.5±0.50 and 30.6±1.1 aphids respectively. In addition, the longevity of 2nd instar larvae of green lacewing which fed on different mentioned hosts were recorded as 3.7±0.15, 7.8±0.29 and 6±0.21 days, respectively. The results showed that biological characteristics of larvae of Ch. carneaare were influenced by their food quality. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Determination of the appropriate time for crown covering of pomegranate to control the pomegranate fruit moth, Ectomyelois ceratoniae Zeller (Lep.: Pyralidae)
H. Farazmand M. Sirjani A. Mohammadipour

Pomegranate fruit moth (PFM), Ectomyelois ceratoniae Zeller (Lep.: Pyralidae), is the most important pest of pomegranate in Iran. The larvae of PFM damage pomegranate fruits. One way that may prevent fruits infection is obstruction from laying eggs by the moth inside th More

Pomegranate fruit moth (PFM), Ectomyelois ceratoniae Zeller (Lep.: Pyralidae), is the most important pest of pomegranate in Iran. The larvae of PFM damage pomegranate fruits. One way that may prevent fruits infection is obstruction from laying eggs by the moth inside the fruit crown. In the present study, the effect of crown covering time of pomegranate by fabric net, including different times of covering (2, 4 & 8 weeks after flowering) and number of covering stages on fruit infection rate were cpmpared in Kashmar and Garmsar regions, Iran in 2009. The result showed that the mean percentage of  infection were 11.70 in control and 3.50 and 2.80 for two and three stages of crown-covering, respectively. So the two and three stages of crown-covering reduced the fruit damage by 70 and 76%, respectively. Comparison of flower and fruit drop, cover stability and PFM infection indices among the treatments indicated that using two stages crown-covering with a cop made by fabric net, at 4 & 8 weeks after flowering (in early May to early July) can be recommended for PFM control.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - سمیت تنفسی اسانس پوست پرتقال (.Citrus sinensis (L روی حشرات کامل شپشه برنج Sitophilus oryzae و شپشه آردTribolium castaneum
M. Kabiri Raeis abad B. Amiri Besheli

According to the high damage of stored pests and adverse effect of chemical pesticide research on the use of secondary metabolites and essential oil of plants are necessary for controlling stored product pest. In this research have been investigated the fumigant toxicit More

According to the high damage of stored pests and adverse effect of chemical pesticide research on the use of secondary metabolites and essential oil of plants are necessary for controlling stored product pest. In this research have been investigated the fumigant toxicity and persistency of essential oil of orange peel Citrus sinensis (L.)on rice weevil Sitophilus oryzaeL. and flour beetle Tribolium castaneum Herbst. have been investigated The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design. Essential oil of orange peel was extracted by Clevenger apparatus. The bioassay was done in 40 ml glass Jar at 25±2 ˚C and 65±5% R. H. under dark condition. Filter paper was used as the sources of evaporating facility . Based on data the LC50 values were 264.25 and 171.45µl/Lair on S. oryzae and T. castaneum at 48 h post- treatments respectively. The persistency of  the essential oil on flour beetle (25 days) was significantly more than on the rice weevil (21 days). The LT50 and LT90 were 12.56 and 8.68 days on rice weevil and 15.37 and 11.51 days on flour beetle, respectively. The results showed that the toxicity and persistency of essential oil of orange peel on these pests was acceptable and this oil can be further investigations might be an alternative to chemical pesticides on these product pests. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Anti-feeding effects of sublethal concentrations of fungus Beauveria bassiana Balsamo, Beauveria brongniartii Saccardo and Metarhizium anisopliae Metsch on the date's horn beetle larvae Oryctes elegans
M. Latifian B. Rad

The effects of sub-lethal doses of the fungi, B.bassiana, B.brongniartii and M. anisopliae on feeding ability of the larvae of the date horned beetle and the indices of digestion, absorption and excretion of this pest were studied in laboratory condition. First, the sub More

The effects of sub-lethal doses of the fungi, B.bassiana, B.brongniartii and M. anisopliae on feeding ability of the larvae of the date horned beetle and the indices of digestion, absorption and excretion of this pest were studied in laboratory condition. First, the sub-lethal doses of 50 and 90% of reducing power ability (EC50 and EC90) was calculated and then the physiological feeding indices including Relative Consumption Rate (RCR), Efficiency of Conversion of Ingested food (ECI, Efficiency of Digested food (ECD), Approximate Digestibility (AD) were estimated. The results showed that the isolates of all three pathogenic fungi had a significant different high ability to reduce the feeding efficiency of the date- pest larvae. The highest and lowest abilities belonged to M. anisopliae and B. bassiana with the EC50 of 4.27×104 and 7.95×104 spores/ml, respectively. There was a significant difference between physiological feeding indices of the pest larvae when they were exposed to applied doses of spores. In all three pathogenic fungi species, increasing doses of spore decreased the values of MRG, ECI,ECD and AD, but increased the value of PCR. The highest of the regression lines of the indices on log scale of doses was recorded in M. anisopliae and then the two other species, B. brongniartii and B. bassiana. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Fumigant toxicity of essential oils extracted from three plant species against Sithophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Y. Motamedi M. Fallahzadeh V. Roshan

Over the past few decades, many investigations have been conducted on different plant products in order to obtain safer and more effective alternatives rather than chemical insecticides for controlling store-product insects. For this purpose, in search of alternatives a More

Over the past few decades, many investigations have been conducted on different plant products in order to obtain safer and more effective alternatives rather than chemical insecticides for controlling store-product insects. For this purpose, in search of alternatives agents for conventional pesticides, the fumigant activity of essential oils from Mentha longifolia L., Tagetes minuta L. and Salvia macrosiphon Boiss. were tested against adult insects of Sitophilus oryzae L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on laboratory condition. The experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design of factorial experiment with five concentrations and three replications at 25±10C, 60±5% R.H in darkness. The results showed that the percentage of mortality was increased with increase in concentration and exposure period. The highest fumigant toxicity was related to M. longifolia and the lowest toxicity was recorded for S. macrosiphon against insects. At the highest concentration of essential oils (25μl/L of air) by M. longifolia, T. minuta and S. macrosiphon the mortality were recorded as 80%, 73.3% and 66.6% after 12h and 96.6%, 86.6% and 73.3% after 24h against S. oryzae, respectively. The LC50 values were evaluated by M. longifoli, T. minuta and S. macrosiphon 8.166, 11.488 and 14.161 μl/L of air after 12h and 5.898, 7.814 and 11.068 μl/L of air after 24h for S. oryzae. According to the results, the essential oils of M. longifolia, T. minuta and S. macrosiphon are source of biologically active vapor that can be used in protection of stored grains against rice weevil. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Study of cucumber plant nutrition effect by different levels of potassium on biological parameters and life table of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari, Tetranychidae)
M. Motahari K. Kheradmand A. M. Roustaee A. A. Talebi

Two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) is one of the most important pests of cucumber. In order to investigate the effect of different concentrations of potassium on biology and life table of this mite, cucumber plant was nourished by th More

Two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) is one of the most important pests of cucumber. In order to investigate the effect of different concentrations of potassium on biology and life table of this mite, cucumber plant was nourished by three levels of potassium including deficiency level of potassium K1 (5 meq/l K+), standard level of potassium K2 (7 meq/l K+) and excess level of potassium K3 (9 meq/l K+). The experiments were performed under laboratory conditions at 25±1 C°, 60±5% relative humidity and a photoperiod of 16:8 (L:D) hours. Based on the obtained results, the mean of pre-imaginal developmental time in deficiency, standard and excess levels of potassium was 11.66, 12.15 and 11.35 days for males and 12.2, 11.78 and 10.73 days for females, respectively. The highest mean of females life span was observed in plants which nourished by the lowest concentration of potassium and showed significant different with two other levels of potassium. The maen of oviposition period in mentioned levels was 13.71, 8.18 and 11.72 days, respectively. Also the maximum value of total fecundity was recorded in deficiency level of potassium. Mortality percentage of pre-imaginal stages was estimated 30.74, 23.65 and 20.34% in mentioned levels, respectively. Age specific survival rate (lx) at adult emergence in deficiency, standard and excess levels of potassium was estimated 0.55, 0.66 and 0.73, respectively. The highest value of life expectancy (ex) in the start of the experiments was recorded as 35.31 days in 9 meq/l K+ concentration. The results showed that deficiency of potassium in cucumber plants is caused more reproduction in two- spotted spider mite. So proper management of plant nutrition can be one of the most effective strategies to control this pest in integrated pest management programs. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - Effects of temperature on development, fecundity and life table parameters of Adalia bipunctata (Col: Coccinellidae), the predator of Agonoscena pistaciae)Hom,:Aphalaridae)
N. Vahabzadeh M. R. Mehrnejad Sh. Goldasteh

The common pistachio psyllid, Agonoscena pistaciae, is known as a key pistachio pest in Iran. The two spotted coccinellid, Adalia bipunctata was reported as a psyllophagous beetle and the most abundant predator in pistachio plantations of Rafsanjan, south of Iran. The p More

The common pistachio psyllid, Agonoscena pistaciae, is known as a key pistachio pest in Iran. The two spotted coccinellid, Adalia bipunctata was reported as a psyllophagous beetle and the most abundant predator in pistachio plantations of Rafsanjan, south of Iran. The present research was carried out to examine the influence of temperature on biological parameters of A. bipunctata using psyllid nymphs as diet and under controlled conditions e.g., constant temperatures (ranged from 17.5 to 35°C), 55±5% r.h. and 16L:18D. The reproduction, developmental thresholds, thermal constant and the intrinsic rate of natural increase of this ladybird were all tested. The lower threshold for A. bipunctata while fed on nymphs of A. pistaciae was estimated 13.1. Thermal constant for development of this ladybird from egg to adult was obtained 200°DD (Degree-Day) while reared on nymphs of A. pistaciae. The intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm) and finite capacity for increase were obtained 0.172 and 1.19 respectively. Based on present results, A. pistaciae is considered as a suitable diet for this ladybird. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - Faunistic study of families Tephritidae and Tachinidae (Diptera) in Arak region and suburb, Iran
T. Arkani M. Alikhani M. M. Rabieh A. Asghari Karahroodi R. Mahdavi

During 2009, a faunestic study of Diptera of Arak and suburb was done. Samples were taken by using sweep net (standard size and method). According to research 10 genera and 10 species were identified. One genera and one species belonging to Tachinidae family is new reco More

During 2009, a faunestic study of Diptera of Arak and suburb was done. Samples were taken by using sweep net (standard size and method). According to research 10 genera and 10 species were identified. One genera and one species belonging to Tachinidae family is new record from Iran. The genera of each family alphabetically are listed below and new record marked by an asterisk.  Tephritidae Acanthiophilus helianthi (Rossi, 1790); Ensina sonchi (Linnaeus, 1767); Euarestella iphionae (Efflatoun, 1924); Hypenidium roborowskii (Becker 1907); Tephritis hurvitzi Freidberg, 1980; Tephritomyia lauta (Loew, 1869); Trupanea amoena (Frauenfeld, 1857); Trupanea stellata (Fuessly, 1775)  Tachinidae  Cistogaster‌ mesnili‌ (Zimin,1966); Besseria sp. ; Tachina magnicornis(Zetterstedt,1844) Manuscript profile

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