Excessive use of chemical fertilizers has degraded agricultural ecosystems. One of the sustainable agricultural programs is to reduce the use of fertilizers and increase their efficiency. In this study, an experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of different lev
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Excessive use of chemical fertilizers has degraded agricultural ecosystems. One of the sustainable agricultural programs is to reduce the use of fertilizers and increase their efficiency. In this study, an experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of different levels of nitrogen and phosphorus sources on some morphological and functional properties of wheat pearl. A factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in Nokandeh and Gorgan in Golestan province. Experimental factors included nitrogen supply sources at four levels of Azotobacter (12g/100 kg seed), Azospirillum (12g/100 kg seed), urea (200 kg/ha) and an equal combination of three sources and sources of phosphorus at the surface. There were three levels of triple superphosphate (100 kg ha-1), fertile phosphate 2 (12 g / 100 kg seed) and an equal combination of two sources with control. Morphological and functional traits such as plant height, leaf area index, spike number, grain number per spike, spike length, 1000-grain weight, biological yield, grain yield, nitrogen use efficiency, protein flowering stage, ripe, grain and chlorophyll pigments were measured. The results showed that the effect of different levels of nitrogen and phosphorous sources on the studied traits was significant. The highest plant height, leaf area index, spike number, spike length, biological yield and grain yield were obtained in equal treatment of three nitrogen sources (33% Azotobacter + 33% Azospirillum + 33% Urea) and highest Nitrogen use efficiency. Seed inoculation with Azotobacter biofertilizer was observed. Application of appropriate biofertilizers can be effective in increasing yield, improving wheat growth characteristics and reducing fertilizer.
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