Evaluation of foliar-applied salicylic acid effect on phytochemical traits of the alcoholic extract from different parts of Verbascum songaricum Schrenk.

Subject Areas : Phytochemistry

Alireza Ghahramani ¹ , Prof. Abdollah Ghasemi Pirbalouti ² , hamid mozafari ³ , Davood Habibi ⁴ , behzad Sani ⁵

1 - Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2 - Research Center for Medicinal Plants, IAU., Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Iran
3 - Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
4 - Islamic Azad University Karaj Branch. Department of Agronomy; Karaj, Iran.
5 - Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

Received: 2020-04-06 Accepted : 2021-03-16 Published : 2021-02-19

Keywords: flavonoid, Total phenol, Verbascum songaricum, Flower extract, Phenolic acid,

Abstract :

Verbascum songaricum Schrenk. as a perennial herb belonging to the Scrophulariaceae family has good therapeutic properties. The application of bio-elicitors increases secondary metabolites in sustainable agricultural systems and the improvement of the quality of active ingredients of medicinal plants. In order to evaluate the foliar-applied salicylic acid on phytochemical properties of the leaf and flower of mulch, the present study was done in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) at the field of research center for medicinal plants of Shahrekord during 2016 and 2017. Foliar application of salicylic acid at three levels (control, 0.5 and 1 mM /L) was applied on the flower in three replications in three growth stages of plant. Total phenol content (TPC) in the leaves and flowers was determined by spectrophotometric method and the phenolic acid amount was determined based on gallic acid and flavonoids (flavonol quercetin) in the extracts by HPLC. According to the results, the effect of salicylic acid on the TPC, phenolic acid and flavonoids in the flower (as the main part of plant) extract of the plant was significant. In conclusion, the foliar application of salicylic acid promotes of polyphenolic compounds by 26% in the amount of flavonoids (flavonol quercetin) in flowers and 20% in the amount of phenolic acids (gallic acid) in flowers of Verbascum songaricum.

References:

1. Bovy, A., Schijlen, E. and Hall, R.D. 2007. Metabolic engineering of flavonoids in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum): The potential for metabolomics. Metabolomics, 3: 399-412.


2. Dalar, A., Guo, Y. and Konczak, I. 2014. Phenolic composition and potential anti-inflammatory properties of Verbascum cheiranthifolium var. cheiranthifolium leaf. Journal of Herbal Medicine, 4: 195-200.


3. Falcone Ferreyra, M.L., Rius, S.P. and Casati, P. 2012. Flavonoids: biosynthesis, biological functions, and biotechnological applications. Frontiers in Plant Science. 3: 222


4. Forouzandeh, M., Mohkami, Z. and Fazelinasab, B. 2019. Evaluation of biotic elicitors foliar application on functional changes, physiological and biochemical parameters of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare), Journal of Plant Production Research, 25: 49-65.


5. Georgiev, M.I., Ali, K., Alipieva, K., Verpoorte, R. and Choi, Y.H. 2011. Metabolic differentiations and classification of Verbascum species by NMR-based metabolomics. Phytochemistry, 72: 2045–2051


6. Ghahremani, A., Ghasemi Pirbalouti, A., Mozafari, H., Habibi, D. and Sani, B. 2020. Phytochemical and morpho-physiological traits of mullein as a new medicinal crop under different planting pattern and soil moisture conditions. Industrial Crops and Products, 145: 111976.


7. Ghasemi Pirbalouti, A., Nekoei, M., Rahimmalek, M. and Malekpoor, F. 2019. Chemical composition and yield of essential oil from lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) under foliar applications of jasmonic and salicylic acids. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology. 19: 101144.


8. Ghasemi Pirbalouti, A., Samani, M.R., Hashemi, M. and Zeinali, H. 2014. Salicylic acid affects growth, essential oil and chemical compositions of thyme (Thymus daenensis Celak.) under reduced irrigation. Plant Growth Reguluation, 72: 289-301.


9. Hayat, S. and Ahmad, A. 2007. Salicylic acid a plant hormone. Department of Botany Aliga Muslim University. Springer, India.


10. Huang, R., Xia, R., Lu, Y., Hu, L. and Xu, Y. 2008. Effect of pre-harvest salicylic acid spray treatment on postharvest antioxidant in the pulp and peel of ‘Cara cara’ navel orange (Citrus sinenisis L. Osbeck). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 88: 229–236


11. Idrees, M., Khan, M.M.A., Aftab, T., Naeem, M. and Hashmi, N. 2010. Salicylic acid-induced physiological and biochemical changes in lemongrass varieties under water stress. Journal of Plant Interaction, 5: 293-303.


12. Jamshidi-Kia, F., Lorigooini, Z., Asgari, S. and Saeidi, K. 2018. Iranian species of Verbascum: a review of botany, phytochemistry, and pharmacological effects. Toxin Reviews, 38: 255-262.


13. Juan, R., Fernandez, I. and Pastor, J. 1997. Systematic consideration of micro-characters of fruits and seeds in the genus Verbascum (Scrophulariaceae). Annals Botany, 80: 591–598.


14. Kayır, S., Demirci, Y., Demirci, S., Ertürk, E., Ayaz, E., Doğan, A. and Şahin, F. 2018. The in vivo effects of Verbascum speciosum on wound healing. South African journal of Botany, 119: 226-229.


15. Mihailović, V., Kreft, S., Benković, E.T., Ivanović, N., and Stanković, M.S. 2016. Chemical profile, antioxidant activity and stability in stimulated gastrointestinal tract model system of three Verbascum species. Industrial Crop and Products, 89: 141-151.


16. Mohammadi, H., Amirikia, F., Ghorbanpour, M., Fatehi, F. and Hashempour, H. 2019. Salicylic acid induced changes in physiological traits and essential oil constituents in different ecotypes of Thymus kotschyanus and Thymus vulgaris under well-watered and water stress conditions. Industrial Crop and Products, 129: 561-574.


17. Noori, M., Malayeri, B., Moosaei, M., Pakzad, R. and Piriye, M.H. 2012. Effects of heavy metals on the antibacterial properties of Verbascum speciosum Schard. Revista Cientifica UDO Agricola, 12: 463–471.


18. Preciado-Rangel, P., Reyes-Pérez, J.J., Ramírez-Rodríguez, S.C., Salas-Pérez, L., Fortis-Hernández, M., Murillo-Amador, B. and Troyo-Diéguez, E. 2019. Foliar aspersion of salicylic acid improves phenolic and flavonoid compounds, and also the fruit yield in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Plants, 8: 44.


19. Rahimi, Y., Taleei, A. and Ranjbar, M., 2018. Long-term water deficit modulates antioxidant capacity of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.). Scientia Horticulturae, 237: 36-43.


20. Rakhimzhanova, A., Aydin, C., Mammadov, R. and Tischenko, O. 2017. Determination antioxidant activities of different solvent extracts from Verbascum glomeratum Boiss. In: The 3rd International Symposium on Eurasian Biodiversity, Minsk – Belarus.


21. Ranjbaran, E., Sarikhani, H., Wakana, A. and Bakhshi, D. 2011. Effect of salicylic acid on storage life and postharvest quality of grape (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Bidaneh Sefid). Journal Faculty of Agriculture Kyushu University, 56: 263-274.


22. Rezaei, M. and Ghasemi Pirbalouti, A. 2019. Phytochemical, antioxidant and antibacterial properties of extracts from two species herbs under different extraction solvents. Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization, 13: 2470-2480.


23. Saharkhiz, M.J. and Goudarzi, T. 2014. Foliar application of salicylic acid changes essential oil content and chemical compositions of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.). Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 17: 435-440.


24. Sotoodeh, A., Attar, F., Andalo, C., Mirtadzadini, M. and Civeyrel, L. 2018. Focusing on three Verbascum L. taxa (Scrophulariaceae) of the Flora of Iran. Adansonia, 40: 171-181.