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      • Open Access Article

        1 - Individual and social negative effects of presence public and media in court hearings from critics' view of public trial
        Morteza Rasteh Ali Ghorbani
        Study of views presented in relation to public justice system shows fact that despite the fact that the publicity of the trial in international standards and the domestic laws of most countries it is one of the most basic components of fair proceedings and in a way one More
        Study of views presented in relation to public justice system shows fact that despite the fact that the publicity of the trial in international standards and the domestic laws of most countries it is one of the most basic components of fair proceedings and in a way one of the most important guarantees It is considered, but critics of public trials are opinion that Individual and social negative effects of presence of people and media in the court are also numerous and cause that there are still concerns regarding establishment of a fair hearing. In this regard, topics such as distortion of accused's defence right; Damage to dignity of victims certain crimes; Negative impact on some intuition; Negative effect on judge and weakening of his authority; Denying the principle of innocence due to prejudice and labeling; and also, Degradation of the criminal justice system, As a theoretical basis need to exclude people and media from attending court hearings has attracted attention of critics of the public justice system. This research, with a descriptive-analytical approach and use of library method, describes the position each of these issues from the perspective of critics of public trial. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        2 - Legal analysis of police traps and traps in the detection of economic crimes
        Mohammad Pirani Asghar Abbasi Ali Ghorbani
        Background and purpose: Economic crimes are one of the most important issues in our world, which are committed in the context of today's life due to the abuse of intelligence and talent. In these crimes, where trickery and concealment have played a significant role, the More
        Background and purpose: Economic crimes are one of the most important issues in our world, which are committed in the context of today's life due to the abuse of intelligence and talent. In these crimes, where trickery and concealment have played a significant role, the discovery of the crime is a very difficult and dangerous matter, therefore, the use of traps and police traps can be an important way to discover this category of crimes. But not knowing the pitfalls and traps can waste law enforcement resources and cause the economy of covert operations to fail. This article aims to answer the question that what are the most important police traps and traps in economic crimes and how can these traps and traps prevent the budget from being wasted in such secret operations.Methodology: This article is descriptive-analytical and has investigated and analyzed the above-mentioned question using the library and survey method.Findings and results: This article, while explaining the types of pitfalls and traps in the two economic crimes of money laundering and bribery, can on the one hand guide the police, designers and operators of covert operations in the implementation of a covert operation in a way that causes No wastage of resources to apply the law and on the other hand, to provide more trust of the people to the police and judicial system. Manuscript profile