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    Issue 59   Vol 16 Spring 1403
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    • List of Articles Ahmed  Khatami

      • Open Access Article

        1 - The Modes of Satire in Hadiqah al-Haqiqah Sana'i and its Communicative Function
        Seyyede Elham Bagheri Ahmad Khatami
        10.30495/dk.2023.1970926.2604
        Sana'i of Ghaznavi (545 or 529-467 A.H.), is often known as an "innovative poet". One of his initiatives is the use of humor in "Hadiqah al-Haqiqah". Because he intends to explain mystical topics to novice mystics and readers of this book with popular methods. After San More
        Sana'i of Ghaznavi (545 or 529-467 A.H.), is often known as an "innovative poet". One of his initiatives is the use of humor in "Hadiqah al-Haqiqah". Because he intends to explain mystical topics to novice mystics and readers of this book with popular methods. After Sana'i, famous mystics such as Attar Neishabouri and Maulana Jalaluddin Balkhi used humor a lot. This article, with a descriptive-analytical method and based on library research, has found the satirical techniques of "Hadiqah-ul-Haqiqah". While examining each trick and finding their connection with humor theories (Relief Theory, games theory, superiority theory, ‎ Incongruity ‎Theory), the researcher  has analyzed and investigated the function of these modes today.The results show that all the satirical techniques of "Hadiqa al-Haqiqeh" strengthen the theory of games. Also, the total number of "language games" is 67.4% of the total humorous tricks of Hadeeghah, mostly seen in anecdotes (narrative part), especially in the anecdotes of the second half of Hadeeghah. After that, there are techniques that strengthen the theory of superiority (8.5%), which can be seen in the whole "Hadiqah al-Haqiqah". As a result, it can be said that Sana'i was aware of the function of the  language game and its impact in order to teach mysticism, ethics and philosophy correctly and fully, and has benefited from it by using the effect of satire to better understand the content; But often with a superiority-seeking and informative view, he humiliates and mocks the characters of the stories or the audience. Out of 53 anecdotes and monographs, only 7 anecdotes and 6 humorous verses (in line with the theories of games, liberation and conflict) are functional in the communication. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        2 - Comparative Analysis of the Two Mythical Creatures of Simorgh and Garuda in Two epics Shahnameh and Mahabharat
        Sara Ajalli Ahmad Khatami Abulqasem Esmailpour Mutlaq
        10.30495/dk.2021.1910614.2089
        The ancient epic of the Indians (Mahabharat) has affinities with the outstanding and universal epic of the Iranians (Shahnameh) which highlights the cultural similarities between the Indians and the Iranians. The present study tries to explore these two master epics and More
        The ancient epic of the Indians (Mahabharat) has affinities with the outstanding and universal epic of the Iranians (Shahnameh) which highlights the cultural similarities between the Indians and the Iranians. The present study tries to explore these two master epics and to examine the two mythical creatures of these two works from mythological perspective and to investigating their similarities and differences. The results of this research which carried out in analytical-descriptive method, seek to answer the commonalities and differences in the aspects of the two mythical creatures of the aforementioned works and the common criteria between these two works to show that among the numerous characters of these two epic works, similarities between Simorgh and Garuda are noticeable. These similarities and differences could be studies from various perspectives such as their unique place among the mythical birds, their appearances, their full presence as required, and their life on the sacred mountain. Another result of this research is that there are significant differences between these two mythical creatures; For example, in terms of outstanding personality traits, there is a significant difference between these two mythical birds: Simorgh's character relies on his wisdom, while Garuda is admired by his overwhelming physical strength. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        3 - Humorous tricks in the works of Obaid Zakani and their ‎communication use
        Seyyede Elham Bagheri Ahmad Khatami
        10.30495/dk.2022.1962185.2544
        The main purpose of this study is to express the liberating and relieving ‎effects of the techniques of humor and jokes in the works of Obaid Zakani ‎to prove its communication function (known as the safety valve) based on ‎the Game Theory. The collected doc More
        The main purpose of this study is to express the liberating and relieving ‎effects of the techniques of humor and jokes in the works of Obaid Zakani ‎to prove its communication function (known as the safety valve) based on ‎the Game Theory. The collected documentation are presented and analyzed ‎in several sections: First, among all types of discourses, humor and jokes ‎establish the most effective, popular and lasting level of communication in ‎media and mass communication. Second, the liberating and relieving ‎functions of humor (Liberation Theory) play a kind of game with the ‎audience and have effective and therapeutic functions for the collective ‎psyche of a society at the same time with their awareness-raising effect. ‎Third, not considering the public’s negative judgments about the concept ‎of "the Safety Valve", humor and jokes with liberating and soothing effects ‎can positively affect the collective psyche. Moreover, the ability to ‎transcend time and space, as well as the ability to upgrade tricks and ‎humor techniques in new formats, can prevent serious harm to society - ‎whether mental or physical. In addition, while being aware of and ‎surrounded by the target issues of humor and jokes and the educational ‎feature of humor, a public enjoying a calmer and more confident mind and ‎spirit can discover its coordinates and find a solution to resolve it. In this ‎study, the research data were obtained through a library method and the ‎samples were obtained from Obaid Zakani's works employing a non-‎random sampling method.‎ Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        4 - Investigating the issue of "self" and "other" in the works of Mirza Malkum
        Fatemeh Kavashi Ahmad Khatami Farhad Tahmasbi
        10.30495/dk.2023.700079
        Iranian society in the Qajar era, on the verge of the constitution was under the tyrannical state and was an oppressed society, and the confrontation with the West – the civilized and powerful “other”, he revealed the depth of backwardness and disorder More
        Iranian society in the Qajar era, on the verge of the constitution was under the tyrannical state and was an oppressed society, and the confrontation with the West – the civilized and powerful “other”, he revealed the depth of backwardness and disorder of this country and he reflected the ignorant and unconscious “self” of Iranians in front of their eyes. With his works and articles, Mirza MalkumKhan the intellectual of pre-constitutional period, had a great contribution in stimulating and turning people's thoughts to the “other” and passing through himself. He tried to revive the dying society of Iran by laying the groundwork for changing Qajar discourse and establishing the discourse of democracy. The main question of this article is how “self” and “other” has been reflected in Malkum's writings and the effect of his approach on the formation of Iranian cultural identity. The present study shows that by adopting political mechanisms while exposing the internal situation of the country and explicitly criticizing the current situation, Malkum also tries to marginalize and eliminate the long-standing monarchy discourse in Iran to highlight the European discourse and   promoting and developing position “the other” to deals with the West and the culture and manifestations of Western civilization, and the efforts of his works are engaged in establishing a liberal, law-abiding discourse through self-elimination and acceptance of “other”. In this research, “self” and “other” from Malkum's point of view are read by studying his collection of works and using the descriptive and analytical-historical methods. Manuscript profile

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