gas production

حرية الوصول المقاله

1 - شبیه سازی فرآیند تولید گاز متان از پسماندهای دامی در یک بیوراکتور ناپیوسته
حسین بیکی الهام جانانه

10.22034/jest.2019.11126

زمینه و هدف: با توجه به اهمیت حفظ محیط زیست و ضرورت استفاده از انرژی های نو و جایگزین سوخت های مرسوم، استفاده از انرژی های تجدید پذیر مورد توجه فراوان قرار گرفته است. با توجه به این ضرورت در این پژوهش یک بیوراکتور ناپیوسته تولید گاز متان از پسماندهای دامی مدل سازی و شبی أکثر

زمینه و هدف: با توجه به اهمیت حفظ محیط زیست و ضرورت استفاده از انرژی های نو و جایگزین سوخت های مرسوم، استفاده از انرژی های تجدید پذیر مورد توجه فراوان قرار گرفته است. با توجه به این ضرورت در این پژوهش یک بیوراکتور ناپیوسته تولید گاز متان از پسماندهای دامی مدل سازی و شبیه سازی شده است. روش بررسی: از سینتیک مونود برای بیان رابطه بین سرعت رشد میکروارگانیسم‌ها و غلظت سوبسترا استفاده شده است. معادلات مصرف سوبسترا و تولید میکروارگانیسم ها و گاز متان از روش عددی رانگ کوتای مرتبه چهار حل می شوند. اثر غلظت اولیه میکروارگانیسم ها بر تولید گاز متان نیز بررسی شده است. غلظت اولیه سوبسترا و میکروارگانیسم ها به ترتیب g/L 74/51 و g/L 61/1 می باشد. یافته ها: نتایج بدست آمده از این پژوهش نشان داد که مدل ریاضی حدود %53/8 از داده های آزمایشگاهی انحراف دارد. بر اساس مدل ارایه شده میزان گاز متان تولید شده پس از 70 روز برابر با g/L 29/10 می‌باشد. میزان تجزیه سوبسترا و تولید گاز متان، به زمان ماند سوبسترا بستگی دارد. افزایش غلظت اولیه میکروارگانیسم ها موجب تولید گاز متان در مدت زمان کم تری می شود. میزان گاز متان تولیدی مستقل از غلظت اولیه میکروارگانیسم ها می باشد. بحث و نتیجه گیری: مدل ارایه شده در این پژوهش می تواند برای پیش گویی مدت زمان مورد نیاز برای انجام واکنش، عملکرد بهینه بیوراکتور، طراحی تجهیزات فرآیندی مربوطه، افزایش مقیاس تجهیزات، مانند مخزن ذخیره سازی و کنترل مناسب جهت تولید متان با خلوص بالا و حجم بیش تر در بیوراکتورها مناسب باشد.. تفاصيل المقالة

حرية الوصول المقاله

2 - In vitro Assessment of the Effect of Plant Extracts on Digestibility, Estimated Energy Value, Microbial Mass and Rumen Fermentation Kinetics
و. ناصری ف. کفیل زاده ح. جهانی عزیزآبادی

Three ethanol extracts, chamomile (CHA), clove (CLO) and tarragon (TAR), were tested at five doses (0, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 µL/L) to determine their effects on in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD), metabolizable energy (ME), net energy of lactation (NEL أکثر

Three ethanol extracts, chamomile (CHA), clove (CLO) and tarragon (TAR), were tested at five doses (0, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 µL/L) to determine their effects on in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD), metabolizable energy (ME), net energy of lactation (NEL), short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), microbial mass (MM) and rumen fermentation kinetics of a 40:60 forage: concentrate diet using in vitro gas production. These three extracts had significant effects on gas production kinetics. CHA (at 500 µL/L dose) and CLO (at 1000 µL/L dose) decreased (P<0.05) potential gas production. The initial gas production rate constants (c) was increased (P<0.05). However, CHA, CLO and TAR ethanol decreased (P<0.05) later gas production rate constants (d). Lag time (h) was decreased (P<0.05) due to addition of CHA and TAR ethanol (at 750 µL/L dose), and CLO (at 500 and 1000 µL/L doses). TAR and CLO ethanol did not affect fermentation rate (h-1), but CHA at 1000 µL/L increased it. The TAR and CLO ethanol did not affect IVOMD, ME, NEL, SCFA and microbial mass. However, organic matter digestibility, ME, NEL, SCFA and microbial mass were increased by addition of CHA ethanol at 750 and 1000 µL/L doses. Results suggest that CHA, CLO and TAR ethanol extracts at appropriate doses may have potential to improve the rumen fermentation kinetics and nutritive value of ruminant diets due to secondary metabolites contents. تفاصيل المقالة

حرية الوصول المقاله

3 - Determination of in vitro Gas Production Kinetics by Adding Leucaena leucecophala and Corn Oil to the Ration in Different Ratios
C.T. Noviandi K. Kustaantinah A. Irawan B.P. Widyobroto A. Astuti

This study was aimed to determine in vitro gas production kinetics and organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) of ration added by Leucaena leucecophala and corn oil (CO) at various ratios. Four levels of Leucaena leucecophala (0%, 25%, 50%, and 75%, DM basis) and three lev أکثر

This study was aimed to determine in vitro gas production kinetics and organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) of ration added by Leucaena leucecophala and corn oil (CO) at various ratios. Four levels of Leucaena leucecophala (0%, 25%, 50%, and 75%, DM basis) and three levels of corn oil (0%, 1%, and 2% of substrate) were arranged in a 4 × 3 factorial design. Hohenheim in vitro gas production procedure was employed to determine gas production kinetics, IVOMD, and partitioning factor (PF) value of the experiment. Supplementation of leucaena at 25% (L25) increased IVOMD (%), potential degradation fraction, cumulative gas production (GP) (mL), and metabolizable energy (ME) value (MJ/kg DM) of the ration (p <0.01). There was no effect on in vitro gas production kinetics when leucaena was given at higher levels in comparison with L25 (P>0.05). Besides, corn oil supplementation to the substrate did not negatively affect IVOMD and gas production kinetics. Instead, 2% of corn oil supplementation increased GP (p <0.05). Indicator for microbial efficiency as measured with PF value increased with leucaena and CO supplementation (p <0.05). The results indicated that incorporation of 25% leucaena and 2% of corn oil in the ration improved in vitro organic matter digestibility and gas production kinetics while a higher rate of supplementation did not give significant contribution in term of gas production on in vitro rumen fermentation system. Further study in chemical and biological treatment of leucaena or tannins sources and corn oil is needed to investigate specific mechanisms in modulating rumen fermentation in vitro and in vivo. تفاصيل المقالة

حرية الوصول المقاله

4 - The Effects of Phenolic Compounds in Iranian Propolis Extracts on in vitro Rumen Fermentation, Methane Production and Microbial Population
ش. احتشام ع.ر. وکیلی م. دانش مسگران و. بانکوا

The objective of this study was to determine the chemical compounds of Iranian propolis (IP) extracts and to show flavonoids and phenol effects on methane production, fermentation characteristics and rumen microbial population (in vitro). In this study two diets with di أکثر

The objective of this study was to determine the chemical compounds of Iranian propolis (IP) extracts and to show flavonoids and phenol effects on methane production, fermentation characteristics and rumen microbial population (in vitro). In this study two diets with different concentrate: forage ratios as (HC: high concentrate) and (MC: middle concentrate), respectively as non-supplemented or supplemented with different Iranian propolis (IP) extracts were used. The treatments were HC (control), HC + IP 25%, HC + IP 50%, HC + IP 75%, MC (control), MC + IP 25%, MC + IP 50% and MC + IP 75%, which means 25, 50 and 75 g of propolis in 100 mL ethanol 70%, respectively. The results showed that IP significantly increased gas production in IP 75% with different concentrate: forage ratios. Adding IP caused a decrease in pH, however this decrease was not significant in all treatments. There was a significant difference between the effect of HC + IP 50% on NH3-N compared to the HC + IP 25% and HC. Adding IP 75% significantly decreased CH4 production compared to the other treatments. In HC diet, there was no significant difference in total populations of protozoa and Ruminococcus albus between the individual IP 25%, 50%, 75% treatments, however when they were considered as the group, a significant difference was observed between them and the control group. The highest decrease and the highest increase in total populations of Prevotella bryantii was observed in IP 75% and in IP25%, respectively. In MC diet, methanogens were significantly reduced in IP 25%, 50% and 75%, compared to control treatment. The propolis extract caused improvement in fermentation and decreased methane and nitrogen ammonia. This may help the nitrogen retain longer in ruminants. تفاصيل المقالة

حرية الوصول المقاله

5 - Effect of Methanolic Extract of Pomegranate Peel on in vitro Rumen Fermentation Kinetics of Oil Seed Meals
ش. نظارتی ن. ماهری سیس

This study was carried out to determine the effects of supplementing different levels (0, 0.5 and 1% of buffered rumen fluid) of methanolic extract of pomegranate peel, on rumen fermentation kinetics of four oil seed meals (soybean meal, cotton seed meal, rapeseed meal أکثر

This study was carried out to determine the effects of supplementing different levels (0, 0.5 and 1% of buffered rumen fluid) of methanolic extract of pomegranate peel, on rumen fermentation kinetics of four oil seed meals (soybean meal, cotton seed meal, rapeseed meal and sunflower seed meal), using in vitro gas production technique. The samples were incubated in syringes containing rumen liquor taken from three fistulated Iranian Ghezel rams for 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 and 36 h. Results showed that, addition of methanolic extract of pomegranate peel led to significant increase in gas production volume in all incubation times and all of oil seed meals as well. Amount of gas production, also increased by increasing dose of the extract. Also, amounts of a (the gas production from the immediately soluble fraction), b (the gas production from the insoluble fraction) and a + b (the potential gas production) in all of tested oil seed meals increased by increasing pomegranate peel extract doses. Adding pomegranate peel extract resulted in increase volatile fatty acids (VFA) production. Production of VFA increased significantly by the level of the extract supplementation. In conclusion, it is suggested that, adding methanolic extract of pomegranate peel can be lead to higher ruminal fermentation and VFA production in ruminants. تفاصيل المقالة

حرية الوصول المقاله

6 - Comparison of in vitro Gas Production, Nutritive Value, Metabolizable Energy and Organic Matter Digestibility of some Chickpea Varieties
ت. آیسان آی. یولگر ام. کالیبر اس. ارگول اچ. اینسی د. مارت م. طغیانی

This study was carried out to determine the nutritional value of different chickpea varieties using in vitro gas production technique.As a result, significant variations in terms of chemical composition, gas production rate and metabolizable energy, net lactation energy أکثر

This study was carried out to determine the nutritional value of different chickpea varieties using in vitro gas production technique.As a result, significant variations in terms of chemical composition, gas production rate and metabolizable energy, net lactation energy and digestible organic matter were found among the 8 different chickpea varieties. The crude protein contents of chickpea varieties ranged from 15.26 to 18.52% DM; the crude fat contents of chickpea varieties ranged from 4.14 to 5.33% DM; ash content of chickpea seeds varied from 2.69 to 3.46% DM. The neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents of chickpea varieties varied from 12.46 to 17.29% DM and 3.80 to 4.87% DM, respectively. 24 h total in vitro gas production of varieties ranged from 58.67 to 81.66 mL/200 mg dry matter (DM).The calculated metabolizable energy (ME) and digestible organic matter (DOM) contents of chickpea varieties ranged from 10.25 to 13.83 MJ/kg DM and 68.69 to 91.64%, respectively.In conclusion, chickpea can be used successfully for ruminant feeding and also Çağatay and Izmir 92 varieties are better than the other varieties studiedaccording to their nutritive values. تفاصيل المقالة

حرية الوصول المقاله

7 - Evaluation of Potential New Opportunities for Herbal Plants as Natural Products on Rumen Fermentation Patterns in vitro
م. مهرآبادی ع. وکیلی م. دانش مسگران ر. ولی‌زاده

Two experiments (Exp.) were conducted to determine the effects of dietary addition of five herbal plants (HP) alone or as herbal plant mixture (HPM) on in vitro gas production and ruminal fermentation patterns. In Exp. 1, five varieties of HP (garlic, eucalyptus, cinnam أکثر

Two experiments (Exp.) were conducted to determine the effects of dietary addition of five herbal plants (HP) alone or as herbal plant mixture (HPM) on in vitro gas production and ruminal fermentation patterns. In Exp. 1, five varieties of HP (garlic, eucalyptus, cinnamon, thyme, and peppermint) were added to the diet at 3 different concentrations (5, 10 and 15% of concentrate dry matter). In Exp. 2, the HPM was used at the concentration of 2, 4 and 6%. The results show that most ruminal fermentation parameters were affected by HP and HPM. The addition of HP and HPM to the diet significantly increased total in vitro gas production (b) and the fractional rate constant of gas production (c, P<0.01). Concentrations of NH3 (Exp. 1), CH4 (Exp. 1 and 2), total volatile fatty acids (Exp. 1 and 2), acetate (Exp. 1), propionate (Exp. 1 and 2) and acetate/propionate ratio (Exp. 1) were affected by HP and HPM. Ruminal short-chain fatty acids (SCFA, Pin vivo conditions. تفاصيل المقالة

حرية الوصول المقاله

8 - Evaluation of Carob (Ceratonia siliqua) and Honey Locust (Gleditsia triacanthos) Pods as a Feed for Sheep
اس. مدجکال ر. بداس اچ. بوس‌بوآ اس. لاپز

The nutritive value of Ceratonia siliqua and Gleditsia triacanthos pods was determined on the basis of their chemical composition, in vitro gas production and rumen fermentation end-products. Medicago sativa was used as a reference feed material. The studied samples sho أکثر

The nutritive value of Ceratonia siliqua and Gleditsia triacanthos pods was determined on the basis of their chemical composition, in vitro gas production and rumen fermentation end-products. Medicago sativa was used as a reference feed material. The studied samples showed differences in chemical composition and phenolic compounds. Crude protein (CP) content was particulary low (80 g/kg DM) in carob and higher in Medicago sativa and G. triacanthos pods with (159.79 and 121.56 g/kg DM, respectively). Inclusion of Polyethylene glycol (PEG) in fermentation medium results in a significant increase (P<0.05) of gas production in Ceratonia siliqua and Gleditsia triacanthos and no effect was observed with M. sativa. The highest values of gas production were observed for C. siliqua and G. triacanthos, whereas Medicago sativa had significantly low values. The highest asymptotic gas production was observed in Ceratonia siliqua and Gleditsia triacanthos (296.80 and 289.55 mL g-1 DM, respectively), whereas Medicago sativa recorded the lowest value (243.64 mL g-1 DM). The concentration of acetate differentiated two groups: Medicago sativa and Gleditsia triacanthos (86.58 and 66.32% respectively), while the fermentation of Ceratonia siliqua resulted in a lower acetate concentration (59.84%). Although there were noticeable differences among the three studied samples, Ceratonia siliqua and Gleditsia triacanthos pods showed better nutritional quality, indicating that they could be considered promising and interesting sources of feed for sheep during the dry season or as supplement to low quality diets. تفاصيل المقالة

حرية الوصول المقاله

9 - Use of an in vitro Rumen Gas Production Technique to Evaluate the Nutritive Value of Five Forage to Concentrate Ratios
س. اربابی ت. قورچی س. رمضانپور

This study presents the chemical composition and in vitro fermentation of five diets with different forage (alfalfa) to concentrate (faba bean) (F:C) ratios, F0:C100, F25:C75, F50:C50, F75:C25, F100:C0 on a dry matter (DM) basis. Results indicate that the chemical compo أکثر

This study presents the chemical composition and in vitro fermentation of five diets with different forage (alfalfa) to concentrate (faba bean) (F:C) ratios, F0:C100, F25:C75, F50:C50, F75:C25, F100:C0 on a dry matter (DM) basis. Results indicate that the chemical composition in term of organic matter (OM), ether extract (EE), crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), neutral detergent insoluble protein (NDIP), acid detergent insoluble protein (ADIP) and total phenols (TPh), tannin (TT) and condensed tannin (TCT) were varies among five diets (P<0.05). After an initial gas test to evaluate 96 h gas production profiles of diets, the time to half maximal gas production was calculated and a second incubation was conducted with fermentation stopped at substrate specific half-time (t1/2) and 24 h for each substrate. In vitro true DM degradability (ivTDDM), OM degradability (ivOMD) were increased (P<0.01) by addition proportions of concentrate in diets. Microbial mass (g/kg DM), metabolizable energy (ME) (MJ/kg DM), were greater in diets which those had been higher degradability. The efficiency of microbial production (PF) (mg/mL) were calculated for both substrate specific t1/2 and 24 h and was not shown differences between experimental diets at 24 h but F100:C0 was lesser (1.17 mg/mL) at substrate specific t1/2 (P<0.01). Gas produced from fermentable fraction (B) and the rate of gas production (c) were (P<0.01) greater in diets with grater concentrate ratio. Increasing the F:C ratio increased ruminal pH and N ammonia and affected concentrations of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) (P<0.01). Amount of CH4 emission from 13 to 17.16 g/kg DM and the great value was related to F100:C0. تفاصيل المقالة

حرية الوصول المقاله

10 - In vitro Determination of Nutritional Value of Compost and Stem of the White Button Mushroom
ب. بزیون ا. تقی زاده پایا پایا ع. حسین خانی

The aim of this study was to determine the chemical composition of stem and compost of the button mushroom to estimate metabolizable energy (ME) and net energy of lactation (NEl) using gas production method and to determine the amount of dry matter disappearance (DMD) u أکثر

The aim of this study was to determine the chemical composition of stem and compost of the button mushroom to estimate metabolizable energy (ME) and net energy of lactation (NEl) using gas production method and to determine the amount of dry matter disappearance (DMD) using in vitro technique. This study was conducted in a completely randomized design with three treatments of mushroom stem, alfalfa, and compost. The data were analyzed by SAS software. Dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), crude ash (CA), ether extract (EE), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content of the stem, compost and alfalfa were: 10.3, 16.8, 8.6, 3.48, 31.5, and 13.4; 42.4, 12.8, 42.41, 3.14, 21.5, and 16.2; 96.4, 12.6, 9, 2.2, 38.6, and 32.3, respectively. The highest and the lowest amounts of gas production after 120 h of incubation were obtained for mushroom stem and compost, respectively. Gas production potential (a+b) of mushroom stem, alfalfa, and compost were obtained as 223.01, 200.0, and 114.53 mL gas/g DM, respectively. Gas production rates for mushroom stem, compost, and alfalfa were 0.07, 0.03, and 0.08/h, respectively. The highest values of ME and NEl were received for mushroom stem (8.01 and 4.82 MJ/kg DM, respectively). DMD was higher and lower in the mushroom stem and compost, respectively. The results demonstrated that mushroom stem had a higher nutritive value compared with the other experiment feeds and can be used in ruminant ration formulation. تفاصيل المقالة

حرية الوصول المقاله

11 - The Effect of Trace Mineral Source on Nutrients Digestibility and Ruminal Fermentation Parameters
A. Abdian Samarin M.A. Norouzian A. Afzalzadeh

This study was conducted to compare the effect of organic versus inorganic sources of trace elements (Zn, Cu, Mn and Co) on nutrient digestibility in lambs and in vitro gas production parameters. In experiment 1, 18 Zandi male lambs (initial body weight (BW), 28.5&plusm أکثر

This study was conducted to compare the effect of organic versus inorganic sources of trace elements (Zn, Cu, Mn and Co) on nutrient digestibility in lambs and in vitro gas production parameters. In experiment 1, 18 Zandi male lambs (initial body weight (BW), 28.5±1.4 kg) were randomly assigned to either a basal diet with no trace mineral supplement (control diet), basal diet supplemented with trace minerals sulfates, basal diet supplemented with mineral-amino acid complex. In experiment 2, in vitro gas production was used to estimate in vitro fermentation parameters of the experimental treatments. The digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, and crude protein (CP) were not affected by treatments. However, supplementation with either mineral supplements decreased digestibility of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (P<0.05). Organic mineral supplementation decreased rate of gas production (P<0.05), however asymptotic gas production (b) and effective digestibility were not different among the groups. Results of this study show that supplementation of trace elements does not affect the in vitro ruminal fermentation parameters and nutrients digestibility. تفاصيل المقالة

حرية الوصول المقاله

12 - The Comparison of in vitro Digestibility of Wheat Straw by Rumen Anaerobic Fungi of Khuzestan Buffalo and Holstein Cattle
ف. شاکرمی م. چاجی م. اسلامی ط. محمد آبادی م. بوجارپور

This study was conducted to compare digestibility of wheat straw (WS) by fungi and whole rumen microorganisms (WRM). Dry matter (DM), neutral and acid detergent fiber (NDF and ADF) digestibility of WS were compared with in vitro digestion (IVD), gas production (GP) and أکثر

This study was conducted to compare digestibility of wheat straw (WS) by fungi and whole rumen microorganisms (WRM). Dry matter (DM), neutral and acid detergent fiber (NDF and ADF) digestibility of WS were compared with in vitro digestion (IVD), gas production (GP) and specific rumen anaerobic fungi culture (SRAFC). Dry matter, NDF and ADF digestibility of WS by WRM of buffalo (60.80, 49.93 and 17.45%, respectively) were more than cattle (53.00, 38.63 and 10.62%, respectively) (P<0.05). Regardless the type of microorganisms, digestibility of DM (P>0.05), NDF and ADF by buffalo (51.03, 44.41 and 12.09%) was more than cattle (48.04, 36.34 and 8.76) (P<0.05). Potential of GP (B) by fungi and WRM in cattle was more than buffalo (P<0.05). Rate of GP (C) for WRM and fungi of cattle was less than buffalo (P<0.05). Regardless the type of microorganisms, C in buffalo was more than cattle (P<0.05) and was vice versa for B (P<0.05). Regardless the type of animal species, WRM had higher digestibility and B than fungi (P>0.05), but rate of GP of them was same. In SRAFC, DM digestibility of WS by fungi of buffalo at days 3 and 12 was more than cattle (P<0.05). The number of fungi in cattle rumen was more than buffalo (P<0.05). The potential of fungi and WRM of buffalo were more than cattle. Therefore, the results were shown the advantage and supremacy of buffalo in usage the low quality roughages. تفاصيل المقالة

حرية الوصول المقاله

13 - In vitro Evaluation of Alfalfa Substitution with Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graegum) Hay in a High Concentrate Ration
ف. فریور ن.م. تربتی نژاد ی. جعفری آهنگری س. حسنی آ.م. قره باش م. مهاجر

This study was conducted to evaluate the possibility of alfalfa replacement with fenugreek hay for ruminants, using in vitro gas production parameters and some of rumen fermentation characteristics. For this propose, five different total mixed rations were formulated to أکثر

This study was conducted to evaluate the possibility of alfalfa replacement with fenugreek hay for ruminants, using in vitro gas production parameters and some of rumen fermentation characteristics. For this propose, five different total mixed rations were formulated to meet nutrient requirements of 35 kg growing lambs with gradually replacement of alfalfa in control diet (T1) with different levels of fenugreek hay (25, 50, 75 and 100%, respectively T 2, T3, T4 and T5). In vitro gas production (mL/200 mg DM) was determined at 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours of incubation. Ammonia-N concentration (mg/dL) and pH of rumen liquor was determined immediately after removal. Gas production was increased with increasing levels of fenugreek (P<0.05). Significant increases of gas production from insoluble fraction (b) were observed with increasing levels of fenugreek hay (P<0.05). A same trend was observed for potential gas production (a+b, P<0.05). Also, the constant rate of gas production (c) of T2, T3 and T4 were significantly higher than control, but the differences between T3, T4 and T5 were not significant. Replacement of fenugreek at 25 and 75 percent significantly increased final pH compared to control (100% alfalfa) (P<0.05), but the differences between T3, T5 and control and between T3, T4 and T5 were not significant. Short chain fatty acids production (mmol/200 mg DM) was significantly greater in treatments with 50% or more fenugreek substitution (P<0.05). Organic matter digestibility of treatments containing 50% or more fenugreek hay (T3, T4 and T5) were significantly higher than control (P<0.05). Similarly, estimated metabolisable energy content of these treatments were higher than control (P<0.05). According to these results, it can be concluded that fenugreek can provide highly valuable forage for ruminants with comparable feeding values with alfalfa, and alfalfa can be replaced completely in ration with fenugreek hay without any problem. تفاصيل المقالة

حرية الوصول المقاله

14 - In vitro Effects of Exogenous Fibrolytic Enzymes on Rumen Fermentation of Wild Guinea Grass (Panicum maximum)
اس. سوجانی آ.ن. پاتهیرانا ر.ت. سرسینهه ک.ب. داسانایاکا

This study aimed to evaluate the potential of commercial enzymes cellulase (CE), xylanase (XY) and the combination of CE + XY to improve rumen fermentation of Guinea grass ecotype ‘A’ (Panicum maximum). The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete أکثر

This study aimed to evaluate the potential of commercial enzymes cellulase (CE), xylanase (XY) and the combination of CE + XY to improve rumen fermentation of Guinea grass ecotype ‘A’ (Panicum maximum). The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design. In vitro incubations were performed with four doses of individual enzymes and their combinations (1:1 from each enzyme) as 50, 100, 150 and 200 µL enzymes with 500 mg substrate. In vitro gas production (IVGP) was measured at 4 h intervals. At the end of 24 h incubation in vitro rumen dry matter disappearance (IVRDMD), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), protozoa population and volatile fatty acid (VFA) were estimated. Supplementation with CE, XY and CE + XY significantly enhanced IVGP (control: 38.54 mL; CET1: 50.06 mL; XYT1: 54.27 mL and CET1 + XYT1: 52.77 mL) and IVRDMD (control: 46.78%; CET1: 51.21%; XYT1: 51.53% and CE1 + XY1: 52.64%). The rumen NH3-N production was significantly increased (P<0.05) with XY and CE + XY (control: 100%; XYT1: 108.88%; and CET1 + XYT1: 111.6%). Though the total VFA did not exhibit any significant change, acetate production was significantly reduced by CE + XY while the same treatment enhanced the butyrate production. The alterations of acetate and propionate profiles led to the significantly decreased acetate: propionate with CE and CE + XY. Insignificant deduction of rumen protozoa population was observed with all enzyme treatments. In conclusion, the supplementation of exogenous fibrolytic enzyme could improve the rumen fermentation of Guinea grass ecotype ‘A’. تفاصيل المقالة

حرية الوصول المقاله

15 - Developing a Modified in vitro Gas Production Technique to Replace the Nylon Bag Method of Evaluating Protein Degradation of Alfalfa Hay in Ruminants
ا. آقاجانزاده گلشنی ن. ماهری سیس ر. سلامت دوست نوبر ی. ابراهیم نژاد ا. قربانی

The present study was conducted to investigate the possibility of using a modified in vitro gas production technique in place of the nylon bag method to estimate protein degradability of alfalfa hay in ruminants. In the in situ experiment dacron bags were filled with 3 أکثر

The present study was conducted to investigate the possibility of using a modified in vitro gas production technique in place of the nylon bag method to estimate protein degradability of alfalfa hay in ruminants. In the in situ experiment dacron bags were filled with 3 g alfalfa hay. This was incubated in the rumen of three ruminally cannulated Ghezel rams for the periods of 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 24, 36 and 48 h. At the end of the experiment, dry matter, organic matter and crude protein degradability (CPD) were calculated. In the in vitro experiment, buffered rumen fluid was prepared in a solution of 19:1 artificial saliva to rumen fluid, which was pre-incubated by rapidly fermentable carbohydrates for 4 h. After pre-incubation, 30 mL of the buffered rumen fluid were added to 100 mL syringes, containing the alfalfa sample, with 7.5 mg N. The samples were incubated for 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 36, 48, 60 and 72 hours, after which net gas production was computed. In the third experiment, 25 grams of faeces were mixed with 50 mL of artificial saliva, which was then made up to 1 liter by adding more artificial saliva and filtered. Then, the suspension was pre-incubated for 4 h. After pre-incubation, the same steps used to measure gas production were conducted. Results showed that there were significant differences between gas production with rumen liquor and faeces suspension at 2, 4, 24, 36 and 48 h of incubation, while no significant differences were found at other incubation times. There was a close relationship between crude protein degradation at different times and amount of gas production using rumen liquor [CPD= 58.93 + 0.32 gas (r2=0.76, n=18)] and fecal suspension [CPD= 58.38 + 0.27 gas (r2=0.60, n=18)]. The results indicated that faeces suspension can be used instead of rumen liquor as the medium in the gas production method. Development of the gas production technique could result in reducing the need to use fistulated animals in feed evaluation studies. تفاصيل المقالة

حرية الوصول المقاله

16 - Crude Protein Fractions and in vitroGas Production of Alfalfa Silages Treated with Pistachio by-Products Extract
ا. مختارپور ع.ع. ناصریان ر. ولی‌زاده م. دانش مسگران ف. پورملایی

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the crude protein fractionation, in vitro gas production and the biological effects of tannins in alfalfa silage treated with different levels of pistachio by-products (PB) extract. PB was soaked in water with a ratio of 1:5 (w أکثر

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the crude protein fractionation, in vitro gas production and the biological effects of tannins in alfalfa silage treated with different levels of pistachio by-products (PB) extract. PB was soaked in water with a ratio of 1:5 (w/v) for 12 h. After filtering and concentrating, the crude extract was added to fresh alfalfa to a final concentration of 1%, 2% and 3% tannin dry matter (DM) and then ensiled for 60 days. Four treatments were as follows: alfalfa silage without addition of PB extract as a control (T0), PB tannin added at 1% (T1), 2% (T2) and 3% DM (T3). Treating alfalfa silage decreased the formation of non-protein nitrogen (NPN) compounds and increased crude protein fraction B2 during ensilage. Cumulative in vitro gas production after 96 h incubation, organic matter digestibility (OMD) and metabolizable energy (ME) decreased in T2 and T3 compared to the control. The gas production and short chain fatty acids (SCFA) of treated silages increased in the presence of polyethylene glycol (PEG) which indicates that the presence of phenolic compounds and tannins depressed the gas production. It can be concluded that treating alfalfa silage with PB extract can reduce the nitrogen losses during ensilage and degradability of organic matter (OM) by microbial inhibition. تفاصيل المقالة

حرية الوصول المقاله

17 - Comparing Logistic and Michaelis-Menten Multiphasic Models for Analysis of in vitro Gas Production Profiles of some Starchy Feedstuffs
ا. پرند ع.ر. وکیلی م. دانش مسگران

Two multi-phasic models (logistic (LOG) and Michaelis-Menten (MM)) with three sub-curves were used to describe gas production kinetics of corn (CG), barley (BG), wheat (WG) and triticale (TG) grains. In each model sub curve, 1 describes the gas production caused by ferm أکثر

Two multi-phasic models (logistic (LOG) and Michaelis-Menten (MM)) with three sub-curves were used to describe gas production kinetics of corn (CG), barley (BG), wheat (WG) and triticale (TG) grains. In each model sub curve, 1 describes the gas production caused by fermentation of the soluble fraction, gas production caused by fermentation of the non-soluble fraction is described in sub curve 2 and sub curve 3 represents gas production by microbial turnover. With MM model TG and WG had highest gas production from the soluble fraction followed by BG and CG. With LOG model there was no difference in gas production from the soluble fraction between BG and CG (P>0.05) and TG and WG (P>0.05) but TG and WG had higher gas volume from this fraction comparing to CG and BG (P<0.05). For gas production caused by fermentation of the non-soluble fraction, CG had the highest volume using MM model and CG and BG had higher volume with LOG model comparing to WG and TG (P<0.05). With MM model BG had highest gas production by microbial turnover but with LOG model WG and TG had higher gas production for the third sub curve. The LOG model had a slightly better fitting performance comparing to MM model in the present study but considering the methodology of this trial and the nature of models it does not necessarily represent the superiority of LOG model over MM model. تفاصيل المقالة

حرية الوصول المقاله

18 - Nutritional Value, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic Molecular Structures, Mycotoxines and Heavy Metals Concentration of Un-Ripe, Ripe and Sun-Dried Fruit from ‘Sultana’ Grapevine for Ruminants
م. یاری م. منافی م. هدایتی ر. کریمی ر. ولی‌زاده آ. جنکر

Grapes and grape-derived products have worldwide importance due to its consumption by human, however, they may also be used for ruminant feeding when their price or quality is low. The objectives of current study were to determine the nutritive value, in terms of chemic أکثر

Grapes and grape-derived products have worldwide importance due to its consumption by human, however, they may also be used for ruminant feeding when their price or quality is low. The objectives of current study were to determine the nutritive value, in terms of chemical composition, in vitro rumen gas production kinetics and predicted nutrient supply, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic (FTIR) molecular structures and mycotoxin and heavy metal contaminants in un-ripe, ripe and sun-dried (raisin) fruits of ‘Sultana’ grapevine for ruminants. Un-ripe fruit had higher nitrogen to total carbohydrate ratio and total phenol and tannin concentration (P<0.05) than ripe and sun-dried grapevine, and tended to have higher vibration spectroscopy peak area related to phenolic compounds and related to structural carbohydrates than ripe and sun dried fruit. Raisin had higher in vitro cumulative gas production at 24 h of incubation (P<0.05). Aflatoxin B1, B2, G1 and G2 and Ochratoxin A were not detectable in un-ripe and ripe grapevine fruit, while low concentrations were found in raisin (P<0.05). The lead concentration was lower in un-ripe fruit and raisin than in ripe fruit (P<0.05). In conclusion, phenolic compounds and tannins, mycotoxins and heavy metal concentration in un-ripe and ripe fruits and raisin of Sultana’ grapevine were lower than toxic level for animal nutrition and nutrient profile and availability of the grapevine products make it a suitable feed to replace forage in the diet of ruminants. تفاصيل المقالة

حرية الوصول المقاله

19 - Microbial Fuel Cell: New Assay for Nutritive Value Determination of Whole Cottonseed Used in Ruminants Nutrition
م. بشارتی ا. تقی زاده

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between gas produced through in vitro gas production test and microbial fuel cell (MFC) technique and introduce new assay for evaluation of ruminants feedstuffs. The treatments were 1) control diet (without whole c أکثر

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between gas produced through in vitro gas production test and microbial fuel cell (MFC) technique and introduce new assay for evaluation of ruminants feedstuffs. The treatments were 1) control diet (without whole cottonseed, monensin and vitamin E; CD), 2) diet containing 20.00% whole cottonseed (CSD), 3) diet including 20.00% whole cottonseed plus vitamin E (12000 IU per day; CSDE) and 4) diet containing 20.00% whole cottonseed plus monensin (24 ppm kg-1 dry matter/day; CSDM). For MFC trial, the homemade MFC configuration consisted of two plexiglass cylinders (dual-chambered) was used. The results showed that treatment containing vitamin E had higher gas production compared to the other treatments. Gas production in the monensin treatment was lower than the other treatments. The vitamin E treatment had higher voltage, current and power values in comparison with other treatments. The obtained data showed that addition of monensin in comparison with CSD treatment improved the MFC performance. The results indicated that there were high positive correlations between obtained gas production values and achieved MFC performance in experimental treatments. تفاصيل المقالة

حرية الوصول المقاله

20 - In vitro and in situ Ruminal Degradability of Oak Leaves (Quercus persica) as Affected by Growth Stage during Spring Season and Polyethylene Glycol Application
N. Rahimi F. Fatahnia M. Yousef Elahi R. Tabaraki G. Taasoli F. Ahmadi J.W. Cone

This study was conducted to identify the nutritive and anti-nutritive composition, in situ rumen degradability, and the kinetics of in vitro gas production of Persian oak (Quercus persica) leaves harvested at three growth stages during the spring season. A tannin bioass أکثر

This study was conducted to identify the nutritive and anti-nutritive composition, in situ rumen degradability, and the kinetics of in vitro gas production of Persian oak (Quercus persica) leaves harvested at three growth stages during the spring season. A tannin bioassay was also performed using polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000) as a tannin-complexing agent in a gas production test. Leaves were harvested in monthly intervals in spring, starting on April when leaves were at the early vegetative stage, and then May and June. As the leaf maturity progressed, crude protein decreased but total phenols, total tannins, and hydrolysable tannins increased. Condensed tannin concentration was not affected by maturity stage (Average=13.0 mg leucocyanidin equivalent/g dry matter (DM)). As leaf maturity increased, the rapidly degradable A fraction of DM increased. In vitro gas production, metabolizable energy, in vitro DM degradability, ruminal NH3-N, and short-chain fatty acid concentrations were greatest in leaves harvested at the early vegetative stage (April) compared with other months. Application of PEG increased in vitro gas production, metabolizable energy, in vitro DM degradability, and NH3-N and short-chain fatty acid production in the rumen fluid compared with no addition of PEG. Overall, oak leaves harvested at the early vegetative stage appeared to be a good source of forage for ruminants. However, as leaf maturity increased, ruminal fermentability decreased, which was improved with PEG addition. تفاصيل المقالة

حرية الوصول المقاله

21 - Chemical Composition, Fatty Acids Profile and Biological Evaluation of Tannins of Selected Date Seeds Grown in Iran
آ. رضایی‌نیا ع.ع. ناصریان ا. مختارپور

This study was conducted to evaluate the chemical composition and fatty acids profile of six predominant date seed cultivars grown in Iran including Barhi, Estamaran, Mazafati, Khasi, Kharak and Zahedi and the biological effects of their tannins based on in vitro gas pr أکثر

This study was conducted to evaluate the chemical composition and fatty acids profile of six predominant date seed cultivars grown in Iran including Barhi, Estamaran, Mazafati, Khasi, Kharak and Zahedi and the biological effects of their tannins based on in vitro gas production. Organic matter digestibility (OMD), metabolizable energy (ME) and concentration of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) were estimated after 24 h of incubation without or with inclusion of polyethylene glycol (PEG). Results showed that date seeds of all cultivars contained high amount of neutral detergent fiber (NDF), ether extract (EE) and total phenolics (TP), which ranged from 689 to 782, 82 to 118 and 41 to 110 g/kg DM, respectively. However, they had low levels of crude protein (CP) (50 to 69 g/kg DM) and ash (10 to 26 g/kg DM). Gas chromatography revealed that the major unsaturated fatty acid was oleic acid (40.13 to 46.35 g/100 g fatty acids), while the main saturated fatty acid was lauric acid (20.96 to 26.25 g/100 g fatty acids). Except for Estamaran, all cultivars had low OMD ( تفاصيل المقالة

حرية الوصول المقاله

22 - Potential Nutritive Value of Selected Leguminous Browse Forage Species from Nigeria Using in vitro Gas Production Technique
آ.آ. نجیدا آ.اً. اًلافادهان اچ.آ. آلکالی

The chemical composition and in vitro gas production of some leguminous browse species were evaluated. Crude protein (CP) content was highest (P<0.05) in Pterocarpus erinaceus. Neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre and total condensed tannins (TCT) were highe أکثر

The chemical composition and in vitro gas production of some leguminous browse species were evaluated. Crude protein (CP) content was highest (P<0.05) in Pterocarpus erinaceus. Neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre and total condensed tannins (TCT) were highest (P<0.05) in Erythrina senegalensis. Acid detergent lignin was greatest in Parkia biglobosa and lowest in Acacia seyal. In vitro organic matter degradability (IVOMD) was lowest and highest in Desmodium relatinum (11.87%) and Fadhebia albida (74.29%), respectively. Pterocarpus erinaceus had the highest volume of gas production (GP; 29.33 mg/200 g DM) while Parkia biglobosa had the least GP (2.00 mL/200 mg DM) at 96 h. The GP from the immediately soluble fraction (a) and volume of gas produced (mL) at time t (Y) were highest in Pterocarpus erinaceus and Erythrina senegalensis.Gas production from the insoluble but degradable fraction (b)and potential GP (a+b) were greatest in Dicrostachys cinerea. Rate of GP (c) varied among the browses without a definite pattern. The CP of browses was positively significantly correlated with incubation period at all hours and fermentation characteristics (a, c and Y). Neutral detergent fibre (NDF) was positively correlated with incubation periods and a, a + b and c. Acid detergent fibre (ADF) was negatively correlated with incubation hours but was positively related to gas fermentation characteristics. Acid detergent lignin (ADL) and IVOMD were weakly correlated with incubation hours but had a strong relationships with some gas fermentation characteristics. Total condensed tannins (TCT) showed a positive correlation with incubation period at 6, 12, 24 and 96 h but their relationship with fermentation characteristics was positive and weak. Phenolic content was positive and strongly correlated with incubation period at 3, 6 12 and 24 h, a, c and Y. Based on their relatively high CP, moderate fibre levels and low condensed tannins contents, it can be concluded that the browse legume forages have nutritive potential as fodders for ruminants in tropical environment. تفاصيل المقالة

حرية الوصول المقاله

23 - Determination of Nutritive Value of Soybean Varieties Using in vitro Methods and Gas Production Technique
ت. آیسان م. بوگا م. بایلان اس. ارگول اچ. کوتای اس. نعیم سابر سی. میزرک پی. کوبوکسو

This study was conducted to determine the nutritive value of soybean varieties using in vitro methods and gas production technique.In vitro gas productions and gas production kinetics of soybean variety were determined at 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h incubation time أکثر

This study was conducted to determine the nutritive value of soybean varieties using in vitro methods and gas production technique.In vitro gas productions and gas production kinetics of soybean variety were determined at 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h incubation times. This study revealed that there were variations among five different soybean varieties in terms of chemical composition and gas production rate. The crude protein (CP) contents of soybean variety ranged from 34.02 to 37.13%. Ash content of soybean seeds ranged from 5.42 to 5.59%. The neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents ranged from 16.4 to 25.0% and 13.0 to 21.6%, respectively. The ether extract (EE) ranged from 18.72 to 21.00%. The gas production rate (c) ranged from 0.110 to 0.150%. The highest gas production rate of soybean variety were found in Adasoy and Nazlıcan varieties (P<0.05). The metabolisable energy (ME) and organic matter digestibility (OMD) contents of soybean variety ranged from 7.053 to 7.383 MJ/kg DM and 71.953 to 75.320%, respectively.As a result of this study, soybean variety can be successfully used for ruminant feeds. There are considerable differences in the CP, NDF and ADF between different soybean varieties.Türksoy and Nazlıcan varieties are recommended for use in ration because of higher protein and digestibility. تفاصيل المقالة

حرية الوصول المقاله

24 - Fenugreek Seed (Trigonella foenum-graecum) and Asparagus Root (Asparagus officinalis) Effects on Digestion and Kinetics of Gas Production of Alfalfa Hay Using in vitro Technique
و. ناصری ف. کفیل‌زاده ف. هژبری

The aim of this paper was to study of the effect of fenugreek seed (Trigonella foenum-graecum) and asparagus root (Asparagus officinalis) on in vitro digestibility and kinetics of gas production of alfalfa hay. Fenugreek seed (FS) and asparagus root (AR) were added at d أکثر

The aim of this paper was to study of the effect of fenugreek seed (Trigonella foenum-graecum) and asparagus root (Asparagus officinalis) on in vitro digestibility and kinetics of gas production of alfalfa hay. Fenugreek seed (FS) and asparagus root (AR) were added at different levels (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20% of DM). Total phenolic components of alfalfa hay (AH), fenugreek seed (FS) and asparagus root (AR) were 5.9, 10 and 8.3 g/kg DM, total tannins 0.4, 3.8 and 1.5 g/kg DM and saponin 10.4, 27.3 and 40.3 g/kg DM, respectively. In vitro dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility of alfalfa decreased (P<0.05) by addition of different levels of FS, but were not affected by adding AR. Addition of FS did not affect alfalfa crude protein (CP) digestibility, but AR at levels of 5 and 20% DM decreased (P<0.05) it. Metabolizable energy (ME) increased (P<0.05) due to addition of FS, but it decreased (P<0.05) by incorporation of AR. Addition of FS (at 10% DM level) and AR (at 5% DM level) decreased (P<0.05) potential gas production. The rate constants (c and d) were not affected by addition of FS and AR. FS and AR at level of 5% DM decreased (P<0.05) lag time (l). FS did not affect fermentation rate (h-1), but AR at level of 10% DM increased (P<0.05) it. Results suggest that fenugreek seed and asparagus root due to secondary metabolites content's may have potential to improve the nutritive value of alfalfa hay تفاصيل المقالة

حرية الوصول المقاله

25 - In vitro Evaluation of Different Substitution Levels of Soybean Meal by Guar Meal in a Fattening Diet for Lambs
ن. سلیمانی م. ملکی ح. علی‌عربی پ. زمانی م. دهقان-بنادکی

The aim of the current study was to evaluate the replacement effect of soybean meal (SBM) at different levels (0 as D1, 33 as D2, 67 as D3 and 100% as D4 based on crude protein (CP) content) by guar meal (GM) on ruminal gas production kinetics, ruminal digestibility and أکثر

The aim of the current study was to evaluate the replacement effect of soybean meal (SBM) at different levels (0 as D1, 33 as D2, 67 as D3 and 100% as D4 based on crude protein (CP) content) by guar meal (GM) on ruminal gas production kinetics, ruminal digestibility and fermentation characteristics of a fattening diet for lambs. Three experiments were conducted. The first experiment of 144-h incubations was aimed to determine comparatively the gas production kinetics of SBM and GM. The gas production kinetics and the ruminal digestibility and fermentation of the fattening diet, containing different proportions of SBM and GM, were also studied by the incubations of 144-h and 24-h in the second and last experiments, respectively. The results of the first kinetic experiment indicated a higher asymptote of gas production (a), half time to asymptote of gas production (T1/2) and metabolizable energy (ME) and a lower fractional rate of gas production (µ) for SBM than GM (P <0.001). Replacing SBM with GM had no effect on gas production kinetics of the fattening diet at any substitution levels in the second kinetic experiment (P>0.05). However, the gas produced after 24-h of incubation (GP24), in vitro true dry mater degradability (IVTDMD), in vitro true organic matter degradability (IVTOMD), partitioning factor (PF), microbial biomass production (MBP) and total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) concentration increased with D2 compared to D1 and D3 in the last experiment. The ammonia concentration decreased with D2 and D3 compared to D4 (P<0.05), nevertheless, the ruminal volatile fatty acids (VFA) pattern was not affected by the treatments (P>0.05). These results demonstrated that the protein from SBM might been replaced by that from GM in fattening diets for lambs at the levels up to 67%, but the 33% substitution is recommended because of its beneficial effects on ruminal digestibility and fermentation. تفاصيل المقالة

حرية الوصول المقاله

26 - Investigation of the Nutritional Potential of some Rangeland Plants Species by in vitro Gas Production and Fermentation Parameters in Torbat-e Jam, Iran: A Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression
E. Ibrahimi Khoram Abadi M. Kazemi

The current study aimed to evaluate the nutritional potential of some rangeland plants by in vitro gas production kinetics and ruminal fermentation parameters in the Torbat-e Jam region using a meta-analysis approach. A comprehensive literature searches in the scientiﬁc أکثر

The current study aimed to evaluate the nutritional potential of some rangeland plants by in vitro gas production kinetics and ruminal fermentation parameters in the Torbat-e Jam region using a meta-analysis approach. A comprehensive literature searches in the scientiﬁc databases was carried out to identify studies that investigated the variables of interest. The data analyzed were extracted from 13 peer-reviewed publications. The effect size of all outcomes was reported as a standardized means difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Q test and I2 were calculated to determine the heterogeneity, and a meta-regression was also used to investigate sources of heterogeneity. A significant increase for 24 h in vitro gas production (IVGP) was observed (P<0.01). Among the estimated gas parameters, potential GP (bgas) and fractional rate of GP (cgas) were increased significantly (P<0.05). Also, short chain fatty acids (SCFA) (P<0.05), microbial protein yield (MPY) (P<0.01), and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) (P<0.01) of culture medium were increased. The values of I2 (>50) and Q (P<0.05) for 24 h IVGP, bgas, cgas, SCFA, MPY and NH3-N indicated high heterogeneity. No publication bias was found for 24 h IVGP, bgas, and SCFA. With the evaluation of funnel plots, only one study on the right of each plot indicates publication bias for cgas, MPY, and NH3-N. A strong regression relation (P<0.01) between some chemical compositions (dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber) and MPY and NH3-N was suggested from meta-regression analysis. In conclusion, the current meta-analysis confirmed that there were differences in fermentation parameters among all rangeland plants. However, all plants species had a relatively high potential nutritive value. According to the reported fermentation parameters, it seems that most of the Torbat-e Jam rangeland plants species have high nutritional value in small ruminant feeding. More in vivo and in vitro studies are needed to assess the other nutritive values and their effects on animal performance. تفاصيل المقالة

حرية الوصول المقاله

27 - Effect of Tannin Extract from Pistachio by Product on in vitro Gas Production
ام. شریفی آ.آ. ناصریان اچ. خراسانی

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of treated protein supplements with tannin extracted from pistachio by-product (P-PB) on in vitro gas production using fistulated sheep. One portion of P-PB was mixed with four portions of water for 48 h. The extract أکثر

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of treated protein supplements with tannin extracted from pistachio by-product (P-PB) on in vitro gas production using fistulated sheep. One portion of P-PB was mixed with four portions of water for 48 h. The extracted product was sprayed on soybean meal (SBM) or canola meal (CM) with an equal ratio (1:1 v/w) and dried in the shade. The experimental treatments included in this study were: 1) untreated soybean meal (USB), 2) soybean meal treated with tannin extract (SBTT), 3) untreated canola meal (UCM) and 4) canola meal treated with tannin extract (CMTT). Kinetics of gas production was fitted to an exponential model. After 96 h of incubation, the medium size of each syringe was used for determining ammonia N (NH3-N) concentration using distillation method. The results obtained from this study showed that spraying tannin extract on protein supplement increased the amount of tannin to 4.4, 3.13in CM or SBM, respectively. Although gas production rate, fraction b and fraction c decreased by treated protein supplements in comparison with untreated protein supplements, the effects were not significant (P>0.05). The effect of tannin extract on NH3-N was significant (P≤0.05). The highest and the lowest content of NH3 were for SBM with the lowest and CMTT with the highest content of tannin, respectively. Tannin from P-PB decreased organic matter digestibility (OMD), metabolizable energy (ME) and short chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations in treated protein supplements (P≤0.05). Untreated soybean meal and CMTT had the highest and the lowest content of OMD, ME and SCFA, respectively. تفاصيل المقالة

حرية الوصول المقاله

28 - بررسی مؤلفه‌های شادی بر بهره‌وری کارکنان شرکت نفت و گاز گچساران
محمد حقیقی ساسان حبیبی نژاد جهانبخش حبیبی باغ ملک

امروزه سازمان‌های سالم، سازمان‌هایی هستند که به همان اندازه که به کار و بهره‌وری اهمیت می‌دهند، به سلامت روانی و جسمی کارکنان توجه دارند. با سلامت افراد، سلامت سازمان تضمین خواهد شد و سازمان سالم می‌تواند از بهره‌وری، توانمندی و کارایی لازم برای مواجهه با دنیای توأم با أکثر

امروزه سازمان‌های سالم، سازمان‌هایی هستند که به همان اندازه که به کار و بهره‌وری اهمیت می‌دهند، به سلامت روانی و جسمی کارکنان توجه دارند. با سلامت افراد، سلامت سازمان تضمین خواهد شد و سازمان سالم می‌تواند از بهره‌وری، توانمندی و کارایی لازم برای مواجهه با دنیای توأم با رقابت برخوردار شود؛ هدف اصلی این تحقیق، بررسی مؤلفه‌های شادی بر بهره‌وری کارکنان شرکت نفت و گاز گچساران است. جامعه آماری این پژوهش متشکل از کلیه کارمندان شرکت بهره برداری نفت و گاز گچساران است. روش تحقیق، از نوع توصیفی ـ پیمایشی بوده و ابزار اندازه گیری از نوع پرسشنامه با طیف لیکرت (شاخص پنج قسمتی از خیلی کم تا خیلی زیاد) و پرسشنامه بهره‌وری است. حجم نمونه با استفاده از فرمول کوکران، 365 نفر حاصل شده است. تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها توسط نرم افزار SPSS و با آمار توصیفی و استنباطی (آزمون‌های Tدو گروه مستقل، تحلیل واریانس، ضریب همبستگی پیرسون، و تحلیل رگرسیون) انجام گرفته است. متغیرهای مستقل این تحقیق، فرضیه‌های جنس، تحصیلات، وضعیت تأهل، وضعیت استخدامی، نوع شیفت کاری، درآمد ماهیانه، خلاقیت، سابقه کار، امنیت شغلی، امکانات رفاهی، امکانات آموزشی، مدیریت مشارکتی بود. نتایج تحقیق حاکی از آن است که بین متغیرهای تحصیلات، وضعیت استخدامی، شیفت کاری، حقوق کارمندان، خلاقیت، امنیت شغلی، امکانات رفاهی، امکانات آموزشی، مدیریت مشارکتی با بهره‌وریر، رابطه مستقیم و معنا داری وجود دارد. و بین جنس، سابقه کار با بهره‌وری رابطه معنادار وجود ندارد، به طور کلی 7/172 درصد تغییرات بهره‌وری ناشی از مدیریت مشارکتی و امنیت شغلی، نوع شیفت کاری، امکانات آموزشی، تحصیلات، سابقه کار است و بقیه مربوط به عوامل دیگر است..تلویحات عملی یافته‌ها بحث شده اند. تفاصيل المقالة

حرية الوصول المقاله

29 - Nutritive Value and Digestibility of Rumex obtusifolius in Three Phenological Stages by Chemical, Nylon Bag and Gas Production Methods
Mohammad Amiri Andi Rambod Mortezaei Ali Ahmed Alaw Qotbi

The present study was conducted to identify nutritional value of Rumex obtusifolius in three phenological stages (vegetative growth, flowering, and maturity). Samples were randomly taken in pastures of Saravan in Rasht, Iran in 2015. After drying and grinding, the chemi أکثر

The present study was conducted to identify nutritional value of Rumex obtusifolius in three phenological stages (vegetative growth, flowering, and maturity). Samples were randomly taken in pastures of Saravan in Rasht, Iran in 2015. After drying and grinding, the chemical compositions of Crude Protein (CP), Crude Fiber (CF), Ether Extract (EE), Total Ash (ASH), Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF), and Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF) were measured based on standard methods. Gas production (in vitro) and Dry Matter (DM) degradability (in sacco) were determined. Phenological stage effects were studied using a completely randomized design in three replications and data were analyzed using SAS software. In phenological stages of the plant with the progress of maturity, the amounts of CP, ASH, Nitrogen Free Extract (NFE), and Non Fibrous Carbohydrates (NFC) decreased while the CF, NDF, and ADF contents increased. CP had the highest value (23.92%) in the vegetative growth and lowest value (6.11%) in maturity stage. The gas production in 96 hours of vegetative growth, flowering, and maturity stages was 37.68, 40.76, and 26.69 ml/0.2g of dry matter. The DM degradability in 96 hours for vegetative growth, flowering, and maturity stages was 80.25, 70.42, and 40.43%, respectively. The correlation coefficient between gas production method and DM degradability methods were 0.99, 0.98, and 0.97 for vegetative growth, flowering, and maturity stages, respectively. Therefore, the gas production method due to its lower cost was suggested for measuring nutritive value of this plant. The results showed that considering higher or equal protein content of this plant during the vegetative growth and flowering stages as compared to alfalfa, it can be used for ruminant animal diet. Using this wild source is possible to significantly decrease the expenses involved in animal nourishment. تفاصيل المقالة

حرية الوصول المقاله

30 - Chemical Composition, In Situ Degradation, And Fermentation Kinetics Of Some Browse Plant Species Collected From Algerian Arid And Semi-Arid Areas
Samir Medjekal Mouloud Ghadbane Souhil Boufennara Laid Bebderradji Raul Bodas Hacene Bousseboua Secundino Lopez

The chemical composition and digestibility of twelve plant samples (Arthrocnemum macrostachyum, Atriplex canescens, Artemesia herba-alba, Astragalus gombo, Calobota saharae Ceratonia siliqua, Gleditsia triacanthos, Hedysarum coronarium, Medicago sativa, Ononis natrix L, أکثر

The chemical composition and digestibility of twelve plant samples (Arthrocnemum macrostachyum, Atriplex canescens, Artemesia herba-alba, Astragalus gombo, Calobota saharae Ceratonia siliqua, Gleditsia triacanthos, Hedysarum coronarium, Medicago sativa, Ononis natrix L, Hordeum vulgare and Stipa tenacissima L.) grown in arid and semi-arid areas of Algeria were evaluated (in 2010). Feed components were determined by proximate analysis whereas phenolic and tannin compounds were analyzed by colorimetric procedures. Digestibility was assessed by conventional gravimetric in vitro and in situ methods. In general, crude protein content in dicotyledon (dicots) species was always greater than that in monocotyledon (monocots) grass showing higher Neutral and Acid Detergent Fiber (NDF and ADF) and lower lignin contents than dicots. The tannin concentration varied considerably between species, but in general, the plants investigated in this study had low tannin contents (except for Ceratonia siliqua, Gleditsia triacanthos and Hedysarum coronarium). Monocots showed lower in vitro and in situ, fermentation rate and cumulative gas production than dicots species. This study indicated that a large reserve of plant species in the local flora is available that could be potentially used for livestock feeding. These feeds, if fully exploited, could assist in increasing the level of production and productivity of the livestock resources in the region. تفاصيل المقالة

حرية الوصول المقاله

31 - In vitro Gas Production and Fermentation Parameters of Some Plants Species Collected from Algerian Arid Rangelands
Souhil Boufennara Samir Medjekal Lyas Bouazza Amal Hamedellou Ibtissem Bella Nour Elhouda Ayeb Secunino Lopez

10.30495/rs.2022.681818

The objective of the study was to evaluate the nutritional value of some native plants, collected from Algerian arid zones by in vitro gas production method. The volatile fatty acids (VFA) of samples were also determined in the culture medium. This work was carried out أکثر

The objective of the study was to evaluate the nutritional value of some native plants, collected from Algerian arid zones by in vitro gas production method. The volatile fatty acids (VFA) of samples were also determined in the culture medium. This work was carried out in 2011 and was conducted in comparison to a control substrate (oat vetch) considered as a reference plant in literature. The selected plants were collected in the arid areas of the Algerian desert. Nine forages including six dicotyledon plants (Atriplex halimus L., Artemisia campestris L., Artemisia herba-alba subsp. valentina, Astragalus gombiformis Pomel, Spartidium saharae (Coss. & Dur.) and Retama raetam Forssk., and three monocotyledon plants (Stipagrostis pungens (Desf.), Lygeum spartum L.and Stipa tenacissima L.) were selected. A. campestris, A. gombiformis and A. herba-alba recorded the highest values of gas production. The total VFA production of the different substrates is significantly different between them (p<0.0001). A. gombiformis had the highest total VFA (34.7 mmol/L) followed by A. campestris (32.8 mmol/L), while the lowest total production of VFA was observed in S. tenacissima (17.3 mmol/L). Generally, the plant studied can be classified in two groups, one group with poor-quality grasses (L. spartum. and S. tenacissima) and other with higher digestibility (A. gombiformis and Artemisia spp.). In conclusion, dicot species are therefore recommended for feeding ruminants. تفاصيل المقالة

حرية الوصول المقاله

32 - Determination of Nutritional Value in Three Forage Species in Three Phonological Stages in Sabalan Rangelands, Ardebil, Iran
Abazar Ghanbari Mahmood Sahraei

In order to estimate the nutrient value of three dominant range species; Festucaovina, Trifolium montanum and Alopecurus textilis via proximate analyses and gas productiontechnique, samples were collected in three stages during grazing period from 26th May to 1thSeptemb أکثر

In order to estimate the nutrient value of three dominant range species; Festucaovina, Trifolium montanum and Alopecurus textilis via proximate analyses and gas productiontechnique, samples were collected in three stages during grazing period from 26th May to 1thSeptember in six areas of Sabalan Mountain in North West of Iran. Results showed thatTrifolium montanum as a legume had higher values for Crude Protein (CP), total ASH,Organic Matter Digestibility (OMD), Metabolizable Energy (ME) and gas production at 24hours and showed lower values for ADF (Acid Detergent Fiber) and NDF (Neutral DetergentFiber) as compared to two other species that were considered as gramineae. Variation ofquality traits in Trifolium montanum was lower than two other species. The obtained values ofCP, NDF, ADF, ASH, EE, OMD, gas production and Dry Matter (DM) for Trifoliummontanum were 18.65%, 41.83%, 26.97%, 8.95%, 0.26%, 64.50% g/kg and 50.96 ml/200mg,respectively. For Festuca ovina, they were 9.37%, 68.63%, 36.87%, 6.77%, 0.58%, 53.82%and 40.04 ml/200mg DM and for Alopecurus textilis, they obtained 5.01%, 73.03%, 42.18%,5.97%, 0.56%, 55.63 % and 35.46 ml/200mg DM, respectively. The values of ME predictionthat were calculated via Menke equation for Trifolium montanum, Festuca ovina andAlopecurus textilis were 2.31, 1.93 and 1.75 Mcal/kg DM, respectively. The mean level ofpredicted CP, ME and OMD for plants, especially in grasses (Festuca ovina and Alopecurustextilis) throughout the year, second and third stages of sampling (mid and late summer) andcomparing the nutrient requirements of Moghanian sheep (native breed in Ardabil province)with these data show that only at early stage of sampling (late spring and early summer), onecan supply sufficient nutrient for domestics whereas the ewes are pregnant at mid and end ofsummer and these nutrients are insufficient for them therefore, we have recommended the useof supplementary feeding in diets of grazing ewes for ideal productivity performance. تفاصيل المقالة

حرية الوصول المقاله

33 - مقایسه کارآیی جمعیت میکروبی شکمبه و مدفوع گوسفند در برآورد ارزش غذایی دانه‌های ذرت و سورگوم با استفاده از روش تولید گاز آزمایشگاهی
ابوالفضل آقاجانزاده گلشنی ناصر ماهری سیس رامین سلامت دوست نوبر یحیی ابراهیم نژاد ابوالفضل قربانی

10.22034/ascij.2021.687835

هدف از این پژوهش بررسی کارآیی تخمیر میکروارگانیسم‌های مدفوع در مقایسه با میکروارگانیسم‌های شیرابه شکمبه برای برآورد ارزش غذایی دانه های ذرت و سورگوم در نشخوارکنندگان با روش تولید گاز آزمایشگاهی است. برای انجام آزمایش تولید گاز با استفاده از دو روش شیرابه شکمبه و سوسپانس أکثر

هدف از این پژوهش بررسی کارآیی تخمیر میکروارگانیسم‌های مدفوع در مقایسه با میکروارگانیسم‌های شیرابه شکمبه برای برآورد ارزش غذایی دانه های ذرت و سورگوم در نشخوارکنندگان با روش تولید گاز آزمایشگاهی است. برای انجام آزمایش تولید گاز با استفاده از دو روش شیرابه شکمبه و سوسپانسیون مدفوع؛ لیکور شکمبه و سوسپانسیون مدفوع از سه رأس گوسفند فیستوله‌‌شده توده قزل اخذ شد. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که در مواد خوراکی مورد آزمایش، تفاوت معنی‌داری از نظر تولید گاز در زمان‌های مختلف انکوباسیون بین دو روش یاد شده وجود نداشت. از نظر حجم گاز حاصل از بخش قابل تخمیر (A) برای دانه ذرت بین روش‌های مورد آزمایش اختلاف معنی‌داری مشاهده نشد، اما مقدار این فراسنجه در دانه سورگوم با روش سوسپانسیون مدفوع به طور معنی‌داری بیشتر از روش شیرابه شکمبه بود (05/0p <). مقادیر انرژی قابل متابولیسم، انرژی خالص شیردهی، قابلیت هضم ماده آلی و اسیدهای چرب زنجیر کوتاه برآورد شده مواد خوراکی مورد آزمایش از روی مقدار تولید گاز با استفاده از شیرابه شکمبه و سوسپانسیون مدفوع تفاوت معنی‌داری با هم نداشتند. مقدار گاز تولیدی در روش شیرابه شکمبه از روی مقدار گاز تولیدی با روش سوسپانسیون مدفوع برای دانه سورگوم و دانه ذرت با استفاده از معادلات رگرسیونی حاصل از نتایج این تحقیق به ترتیب (6353/1-X 8929/0=Ysorghum و 4097/3- X 9657/0=Ycorn) قابل برآورد است. با توجه به نتایج پژوهش به نظر می‌رسد سوسپانسیون مدفوع، جایگزین مناسبی برای شیرابه شکمبه در روش تولید گاز آزمایشگاهی جهت ارزشیابی مواد خوراکی نشخوارکنندگان می‌باشد. تفاصيل المقالة

حرية الوصول المقاله

34 - بررسی ظرفیت بافری برخی افزودنی‌های بافری و بافر بهینه شده و تاثیر آن‌ بر فراسنجه‌های تولید گاز جیره‌های با سطوح مختلف کنسانتره
وحید شاه صنم سعید سبحانی راد کامران رضا یزدی پرهام مصلحی فر

در این پژوهش الگوی مقاومت بافری افزودنی‌های بافری بیکربنات سدیم، سسکویی کربنات سدیم، اکسید منیزیم، کرنبات منیزیم، بنتونیت سدیم و زئولیت از طریق رسم منحنی تیتراسیون و شیب خط منحنی‌ها مورد مقایسه آماری قرار گرفتند. بر اساس نتایج تیتراسیون، مواد اولیه و درصد استفاده از هرک أکثر

در این پژوهش الگوی مقاومت بافری افزودنی‌های بافری بیکربنات سدیم، سسکویی کربنات سدیم، اکسید منیزیم، کرنبات منیزیم، بنتونیت سدیم و زئولیت از طریق رسم منحنی تیتراسیون و شیب خط منحنی‌ها مورد مقایسه آماری قرار گرفتند. بر اساس نتایج تیتراسیون، مواد اولیه و درصد استفاده از هرکدام از آنها در بافر چندجزئی بهینه شده مشخص و پس از ترکیب، شیب خط منحنی بافر تولید شده نیز با سایر شیب خط‌ها مقایسه گردید. تفاوت معنی‌داری در شیب خط بافر بهینه شده با جوش‌شیرین مشاهده نشد (05/0p>). جهت اطمینان از عملکرد مطلوب بافر تولید شده در شرایط شکمبه، جیره‌های آزمایشی جیره کم کنسانتره فاقد افزودنی بافری (CF)، جیره پر کنسانتره فاقد افزودنی بافری (CC)، جیره کم کنسانتره+ 1 درصد بیکربنات سدیم (NF)، جیره پرکنسانتره+ 1 درصد بیکربنات سدیم (NC)، جیره کم کنسانتره+ 1 درصد بافر بهینه شده (BF) و جیره پرکنسانتره+ 1 درصد بافر بهینه شده(BC)، تحت آزمون تولید گاز در ساعات 2، 4، 6، 8، 12 24، 48، 72 و 96 پس از انکوباسیون در مایع شکمبه، قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد استفاده از افزودنی‌های بافری دارای اثرات مثبتی بر حفظ تعادل اسید- باز در شکمبه و در نتیجه بهبود اکولوژی میکروارگانیسم‌های ساکن آن شد که این امر با افزایش معنی دار تولید گاز همراه بود (05/0>p). همچنین استفاده از مکمل‌های بافری منجر به بهبود فرآیند تخمیر و افزایش معنی‌دار قابلیت هضم مواد آلی و انرژی زایی خوراک شدند (05/0>p). علاوه بر این بافر بهینه شده پاژبافر عملکردی مشابه با بیکربنات سدیم داشته و می‌تواند به عنوان جایگزینی مناسب برای جوش‌شیرین مورد استفاده دامداری‌ها قرار گیرد. تفاصيل المقالة

فهرس المقالات gas production

سند

الروابط

المراكز ذات الصلة

دعامة

الصفحات الرسمية