• Home
  • Spatial Evaluation of Energy Performance at Neighborhood Scale Case study: Sanandaj city

Share To

Article Url


Manuscript ID : SOIJ-1812-1222 (R1) Visit : 240 Page: 77 - 88

20.1001.1.23456450.2019.8.2.6.3

Article Type: Original Research

Spatial Evaluation of Energy Performance at Neighborhood Scale Case study: Sanandaj city

Subject Areas : Space Ontology International Journal

Farnaz Ghazi 1 , Farzin Charehjoo 2 , Mahta Mirmoghtadaee 3

1 - Department of Urban Planning and Design, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran.
2 - Department of Urban Planning and Design, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran.
3 - Road, Housing and Urban Research Center, Tehran, Iran.

Received: 2018-12-05 Accepted : 2019-05-23 Published : 2019-06-01

Keywords: Energy efficiency, neighborhood, Sanandaj, Energy performance, Urban Form,

Abstract :

Climate change has become a challenge with adverse impacts on the Earth. Reducing the use of fossil fuel is a primary step to solve environmental problems. As the population continues to rise, to meet the growing demand for construction with a large share in energy Consumption, Efforts to make the built environment more energy efficient is crucial. The main objective of this research is to evaluates the relationship between urban form and the energy performance of neighborhoods, focusing on their energy demand, through case studies of Ghatarchyan and Mobarakabad neighborhoods in Sanandaj city. The forms of these neighborhoods were measured using spatial metrics (physical and climatic criteria). For analysis and evaluation, ECOTECT, GIS software and ANP method have been used. The results of research indicate a negative correlation between spatial metrics and building energy performance. Therefore, if spatial metrics amount of each neighborhood increases, neighborhood energy demand will decrease. Moreover, the result can form a basis for urban design recommendations to achieve an energy efficient urban development through spatial design.

References:


  1. Aksoy, s. (2013) Energy management and policies-related rules and regulations on energy efficiency: Anadolu university publication, no. 2787, p. 3 (in Turkish).
    2.
  2.  Aghili, Madie. (2017), Energy Efficient Urban Form, Auckland University of Technology
    3.
  3. Anderson, P.W., Kanaroglou, S.P., miller, J.E. (1996). Urban form, energy and the environment: a review of issues, evidence and policy. urban studies, 33(1): 7-36.
    4.
  4. Antrop, m, Van eetvelde, v. (2000). Holistic aspects of suburban landscape: visual image interpretation and landscape metrics. landscape and urban planning, 50(1-3): 43-58.
    5.
  5. Ballou, r. h., Rahardja, h. and Sakai, n. (2002) Selected country circuity factors for road travel distance estimation. Transportation research part a, 36, 843-848.
    6.
  6. Bayraç, h. n. (2010) Effects of energy use on global warming and prevention policies, Eskişehir Osmangazi university journal of social sciences, vol. 11, no. 2, p. 246. (in Turkish)
    7.
  7. Berghauser Pont m, Haupt p. (2010) Space matrix: Space, density and urban form. Rotterdam: NAY publishers
    8.
  8. Boarnet, m. and crane, r. (2001) The influence of land use on travel behavior: Specification and estimation strategies. transportation research part a, 35, 823-845.
    9.
  9. Camagni, r., Gibelli, m., Rigamonti, p. (2002). Urban mobility and urban form: the social and Environmental costs of different patterns of urban expansion. Ecological economics, 40(2): 199-216.
    10.
  10.  Chin Siong, H, translated by CharehJoo. F. (2017), Energy saving cities, Tehran: Aval & Akhtar publication.
    11.
  11. Conzen, m. p. (2001). The study of urban form in the united states: urban morphology, 5(1): 3-14.
    12.
  12. Dietzel, c., Herold, m., Hemphill, J.J., Clark, K.C. (2005). Spatio-temporal dynamics in California’s central valley: Empirical links to urban theory. international journal of geographical information science, 19(2): 175-195
    13.
  13. Dill, Jennifer. (2004), Measuring network connectivity for bicycling and walking, TRB2004 annual meeting.
    14.
  14. Dhakal, s.  Hanaki, k.  and Hiramatsu, a. (2003) Estimation of heat discharges by residential buildings in Tokyo, energy convers: Manage. 44(9), pp. 1487–1499. doi:10.1016/s0196-8904(02)00145-0.
    15.
  15. Frank, l. d., stone JR., b. and Bachman, w. (2000) linking land use with household vehicle emissions in the central Puget sound: methodological framework and findings. transportation research part d, 5, 173-196.
    16.
  16. Friess, w. & Rakhshan, k. (2017) A review of passive envelope measures for improved building energy efficiency in the UAE. renewable and sustainable energy reviews. [online] 72, 485-496. available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.01.026.
    17.
  17. Giridharan r, Lau s, Ganesan s, Givoni b. (2007) Urban design factors influencing heat island intensity in high-rise high-density environments of Hong Kong. build environ; 42:3669-84.
    18.
  18. Gordon, p. & Richardson, h. w. (1997). Are compact cities a desirable planning goal? journal of American planning association, winter, pp. 95-106.
    19.
  19. Gustafson, E.J. (1998). Quantifying landscape spatial pattern: what is the state of the art? ecosystems, 1(2): 143-156.
    20.
  20. Handy, s., butler, k. and paterson, r. g. (2003) planning for street connectivity - getting from here to there, American planning association, Chicago.
    21.
  21. Herold, m., Couclelis, h., Clarke, K.C. (2005). The role of spatial metrics in the analysis and modeling of urban land use change. computers, environment and urban systems, 29(4): 369-399.
    22.
  22. Herold. m., Goldstein, N.C., Clarke, K.C. (2003). The spatiotemporal form of urban growth: measurement, analysis and modeling. remote sensing of environment, 86(3): 286-302.
    23.
  23. IPCC. (2007). Climate change: impacts, adaptation and vulnerability: contribution of working group ii to the fourth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change. (e. M.L. parry, O.F. Canziani, J.P. Palutikof, P.J. van der linden and C.E. hanson, ed.), genebra, suíça. cambridge, UK: Cambridge university press. http://doi.org/10.1256/004316502320517344
    24.
  24.  Jia Zeng. (2013)"Influence of façade type on energy performance of building structures", university college London.
    25.
  25. Kadoić, Nikola. (2017)" Decision making with the analytic network process "
    26.
  26. Jones, c. (2015) circular ecology. retrieved September 15, 2015, from:www.circularecology.com
    27.
  27. Kavak.k. (2005) “Energy efficiency in the world and turkey and investigation of energy efficiency in Turkish industry”, Spo-general directorate of economic sectors and coordination, thesis for planning expertise, pp. 68-71. (in Turkish)
    28.
  28.  Ko, ye Kang. (2012), The energy impact of urban form: an approach to morphologically evaluating the energy performance of neighborhoods, university of California, Berkeley
    29.
  29. K.S. lee, J.W. lee, J.S. lee. (2016) Feasibility study on the relation between housing density and solar accessibility and potential uses. renew. energy 85 749-758.
    30.
  30. Khoda bakhsh et al. (2015) Achieving energy efficiency through designing eco-friendly built environment (Tehran case study), International Journal of Sustainable Building Technology and Urban Development.
    31.
  31. Luck, m., WU, j. (2002). A gradient analysis of the landscape pattern of urbanization in the phoenix metropolitan area of USA. landscape ecology, 17(4): 327-339.
    32.
  32. Mahdy Youssef,E.M.(2013)" Energy Efficient Urban Configurations for Residential Projects in Cairo "University of Stuttgart.
    33.
  33. Mcgarigal, k., Cushman, S.A., ENE, e. (2012). Fragstats v4: Spatial pattern analysis program for categorical and continuous maps. computer software program produced by the authors at the university of Massachusetts, Amherst. online:http://www.umass.edu/landeco/research/fragstats/fragstats.html (accessed on 4th may 2015)
    34.
  34. Mert.Y.(2014), Application of exergy analysis method to energy efficient building block design, İzmir Institute of Technology.
    35.
  35. Mirmoghtadaee.M. (2018), Urban planning and design guide Development of energy efficient neighborhoods, Tehran: Road Research, Housing and Urban Development Center, Tehran.
    36.
  36. Morrissey, j., Moore, t. & Horne, r, e. (2011) Affordable passive solar design in a temperate climate: an experiment in residential building orientation. renewable energy. [online] 36 (2), 568-577. available from:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2010.08.013
    37.
  37. NASA. (2016). A blanket around the earth. retrieved from http://climate.nasa.gov/causes/
    38.
  38. National Productivity Organization of Iran,2016-year report
    39.
  39. Nault, E.  Peronato, G. Rey E. M. (2015) Andersen, review and critical analysis of early-design phase evaluation metrics for the solar potential of neighborhood designs. build. environ. 92 679-691.
    40.
  40. Pacheco, r., Ordóñez, j. & Martínez, g. (2012) Energy efficient design of building: a review. renewable and sustainable energy reviews. [online] 16 (6), 3559-3573. available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2012.03.045
    41.
  41. Pan, Yiqun. (2015)" A study of shanghai residential morphology and microclimate at a neighborhood scale based on energy consumption, 14th conference of international building performance simulation association, Hyderabad, India, Dec. 7-9
    42.
  42. Parker, D.C, Meretsky, v. (2004). Measuring pattern outcomes in an agent-based model of edge effect externalities using spatial metrics. agriculture, ecosystem & environment, 101(2-3): 233-250.
    43.
  43. Perez-Lombard l, Ortiz j, pout c. (2008) A review on buildings energy consumption information. energy buildings; 40:394-8.
    44.
  44. Pisello al, Taylor je, XU XQ, Cotana f. (2012) Inter-building effect: simulating the impact of a network of buildings on the accuracy of building energy performance predictions. build environ: 58:37-45.
    45.
  45. Power Distribution Company of Kurdistan Province, 2017). http://kurdelectric.ir/
    46.
  46. Rahnamai, Mohammad Taghi (2003) "Settlement issues and urban methods", center for architectural and urban studies and research, Tehran
    47.
  47. Ratti c, baker n, Steemers k. (2005) Energy consumption and urban texture. energy buildings; 37:762-76.
    48.
  48. Ratti, carlo, nick baker, and koen steemers. (2005). “Energy consumption and urban texture.” energy and buildings xxx: 1-15.
    49.
  49. Ratti c, richens p. raster analysis of urban form. environ plann b. (2004); 31:297-309.
    50.
  50. Rode p, keim c, Robazza g, Viejo p, Schofield j. (2013) Cities and energy: urban morphology and residential heat-energy Demand.environ plann b;41(1):138-62
    51.
  51. Saaty, t. l.  and Vargas, l. g. (2006) Decision making with the analytic network process: economic, political, social and technological applications with benefits, opportunities, costs and risks. springer; softcover reprint of hardcover 1st ed. 2006 edition (December 28, 2009).
    52.
  52. Sadorsky, p. (2014). The effect of urbanization on co2 emissions in emerging economies. energy economics, 41, 147–153. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2013.11.007
    53.
  53. Salat s. (2013) Energy and the form of urban fabric: the example of Paris. central Europe towards sustainable building. Prague, Czech Republic.
    54.
  54. Símová, p., Gdulová, k. (2012). landscape indices behavior: a review of scale effects. applied geography, 34: 385-394.
    55.
  55. Sarralde J.J., D.J. Quinn, d. Wiesmann, k. Steemers. (2015) Solar energy and urban morphology: scenarios for increasing the renewable energy potential of Neighborhoods in London: Renew energy 73 10-17.
    56.
  56. Schipper, l. (2004) International comparisons of energy end use: benefits and risks, in encyclopedia of energy, C.J. Cleveland, ed., vol. 2, Elsevier, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, pp. 529–555.
    57.
  57. Taaffe, e. j. and Gauthier JR., h. j. (1973) Geography of transportation, prentice-hall, Englewood cliffs, NJ.
    58.
  58. Tsai, y. h. (2005). Quantifying urban form: compactness versus sprawl. urban studies, 42(1): 141-161.
    59.
  59. United Nations. (2015). World urbanization prospects the 2014 revision.
    60.
  60. UN Habitat. (2016) housing & slum upgrading, from: unhabitat.org/urban-themes/
    61.
  61. Wang d. (2012) Household operational energy consumption in urban china: a multilevel analysis on Jinan: Massachusetts institute of technology.
    62.
  62. Wiginton, l.k, nguyen, h.t, pearce, j.m.  (2010) Quantifying rooftop solar photovoltaic potential for regional renewable energy policy. compute. environ. urban syst. 34 345–357.
    63.
  63. Wong. NH, Jusuf .SK, Syafii Ni, Chen Yx, hajadi n, sathyanarayanan h, et al. (2011) Evaluation of the impact of the surrounding urban morphology on building energy consumption. sol energy; 85:57-71.
    64.
  64. Yang, Perry Pei-Ju. (2016), Urban Form and Building Energy Performance in Shanghai
    65.
  65. Neighborhoods, CUE2015-Applied Energy Symposium and Summit 2015: Low carbon cities and urban energy systems
    66.
  66.  Ye .h, Wang. k, Zhao. XF, Chen f, li XQ, Pan ly. (2011) Relationship between construction characteristics and carbon emissions from urban household operational energy usage. energy buildings; 43:147-52.
    67.
  67. WCED, 1987.Our Common Future. World Commission on Environment and DevelopmentOxford University Press, Oxford.
    68.
  68. 42nd period energy working group. (2012). UCTEA chamber of electrical engineer's energy efficiency report: Emo Publications p. 21, (in Turkish). 
    69.

Related articles

The rights to this website are owned by the Raimag Press Management System.
Copyright © 2021-2024

Home| Login| About Us| Contact Us|
[فارسی] [العربية] [fa] [ar]